Icebreaker "eMoscow" 1960: ifoto, iifanekiso

Abanqwelisi beenqwelo-moya zaseSoviet Arctic babelindele ukubonakala kweemvula ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo ixesha elide. Ukungabikho kwabo kunciphise ixesha lokusebenza kunye nokuthutha kuphela ehlobo. I-Icebreaker "yaseMoscow" yavunyelwe ukwandisa ngeli xesha kwaze kwaba ngoNovemba, ngaloo ndlela yandisa imigudu yokuhamba kweArctic. Inqanawa yayivumelekile ukuba ingalindelanga inceba engakumbi kwiimozulu. Yayiyiphi i-icebreaker ka-1960? Uhlobo luni lwe-analogue yanamhlanje? Iyintoni injongo ye-icebreaker namhlanje? Konke oku kungafundwa kwinqaku.

Imbali yendalo

I-icebreaker "yaseMoscow" yaqaliswa okokuqala ngo-1960. Yakhelwe kwintsimi yaseFinland ("Wärtsilä" i-shipyard). Umthengi wayeyiSoviet Union. Kwiminye iminyaka, iinqanawa ezifanayo zaqaliswa, ezabizwa ngokuthi "Leningrad", "Kiev", "Murmansk", "Vladivostok".

Ziye zadalwa njengezixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu ze-diesel-electric iceboakers, nangona kwindlela yokusebenza zisabonisa ukungaphumeleli. Umzekelo, ukuphahlazeka kweenkunkuma.

Uyilo lwe-1960

Icebreaker "eMoscow" yayiquka ezi zixhobo:

• Izilwanyana ezintathu;
• Amatye amathathu aqhubekayo;
• Itanki elongezelelweyo;
• Amashishini ayishumi aphethwe ngamanzi ahlukeneyo;
• Ngaphantsi kwezantsi kunye ne-ballast kunye namanzi amnandi, i-fuel, i-oil oil;
• Isakhiwo esikhethekileyo esenzelwe ukugcinwa kwamalungiselelo;
• I-pad pad for the helicopter.

I-hull yesitya yenziwe nge-steel-open-hearth ensimbi ene-welded, i-rudder yenziwe ngensimbi yentsimbi. Izakhiwo zokuhlala zenzelwe abantu abangama-126, apho izihlalo ezingaphezulu ezingama-26 zongeziweyo. Baqhuba ukufudumeza kwamanzi. Kwiindawo ezingezo kuhlala, ukufudumeza kuyingozi kunye nombane. Ukongeza, ukuphuphuma umoya kwakwenziwa kuzo zonke iindidi zamagumbi.

Impawu ze nqanawa:

• Ubude - ubude beemitha ezili-10;
• Ububanzi - ii-24 iimitha ezingama-50;
• Ukuphakama (kwidokodo ephezulu) - 115 amitha;
• Hlaliswa (ubuninzi) - 10 iimitha ezingama-50;
• Ukukhawuleza (amanzi ahlambulukileyo) - 19.3 amaqhina.

I-Icebreaker "yaseMoscow" ngo-1960 inenjini ngefayili yesibhozo. Bafaka i-generator projekthi zondla izilwanyana ezintathu.

Injongo

I-icebreaker "yaseMoscow", njengabalingani bayo, ihlala ithatha inxaxheba ekuhambeni kwe-arctic ehlobo. Bonke basebenzayo kwindlela yoLwandle oluMntla. Ebusika, sebenzisa ukuhamba kwe-year round in the port of Leningrad neNagaevo, oko kukuthi, basebenzisa phantse yonke iminyaka.

Ngomnyaka we-1961, abasebenzi beenqanawa babeyalelwe ukuba baqhube indiza engavamile. Umsebenzi wawuwukuba uhambe kwiNdlela yoLwandle oluMntla kwinqanaba elisentshonalanga-empuma kwisiqingatha sesibini se-Oktobha. Oku kwakukubonakalisa amathuba okuhamba ngeendlela zokuhamba ngelo xesha ekwindla.

I-icebreaker yahamba ngomda ukususela ngo-Oktobha 18 ukuya ku-Oktobha 28, 1961. Yonke indlela ehamba ngeendlela ithatha iintsuku ezilishumi. Impumelelo yolu hambo ibonisa ubungakanani bokuhamba kwamanzi e-Arctic. Oku kuthetha ukuba ekupheleni kukaOktobha kwakukho inqanawa yokuhamba ngeendlela, kungekhona nje enye i-icebreaker.

Project 21900

I-icebreaker entsha "yaseMoscow", isithombe esichazwe ngezantsi, sakhiwe ngumyalelo we "Rosmorport". Ukuveliswa kwaphathiswa ekupheleni kuka-2004 ukuya kwi-ship yaseBaltic kwiinqanawa ezimbini phantsi kweprojekthi jikelele ye-21900. Eyona ngqungquthela yayiyi-icebreaker "eMoscow" i-21900, kwaye yesibini - i-icebreaker "iSt. Petersburg". Isixa semvumelwano siyi-ruble ezigidi ezintlanu.

Ixesha leenkcukacha ze-icebreaker:

• 2004 - ukunqoba kwesityalo saseBaltic kwintsebenzo yokuveliswa kweprojekthi 21900.
• 2005 - ukuqala kwemisebenzi ekudalweni kwesitya esikhulu.
• 2006 - ulingo lwezilwandle olwenziwa eGulf of Finland.
• 2008 - ukudluliselwa kwesitya kumthengi "Rosmorport" kunye nokuphakamisa kweflegi yeRussian Federation.
• 2014 - ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimithendeleko ye-icebreaker eSt. Petersburg.

I-icebreaker ephambili yeprojekti 21900 yinqanawa ekhoneni ezimbini kunye neentsika ezimbini ze-rotor. I-hull yadalwa ngokukhawuleka kweqhwa elingaphezu kweyodwa imitha.

Impawu ze nqanawa:

• Ubungakanani (ubuninzi) - 9,491 itoni;
• Ubude - 114 amitha;
• Ububanzi - iimitha ezingama-2 ii-centimeters;
• Ukuphakama (ebhodini) - ezili-12 iimitha ezingama-40;
• I-Sediment - 8 metres 50 centimeters;
• Isantya (amanzi ahlambulukileyo) - ama-knots ayi-10;
• Abasebenzi basebenzi ngabantu abangama-26.

Njengoko ngohlobo lwama-1960, idokethi ye-helicopter yadalwa ebhodini.

Injongo yeprojekthi 21900

Ukudalwa kwe-icebreaker kwakudingeka ukuba uhambe kumanzi ase-Arctic. Nangona kunjalo, ubuchule bwanamhlanje bubonisa ezinye iindlela ezongezelelweyo zeemikhumbi zolu hlobo.

Injongo ephambili:

• Ukucwenga kwamatriki amakhulu (ububanzi ukuya kuma-50 emitha);
• Iinqanawa zokuhamba nge-ice kunye namanzi;
• Ukuthutha impahla;
• Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi yokuhlangula;
• Ukulawulwa kweoli kunye neekhemikhali elwandle;
• Ukucima umlilo.

Ukuze i-icebreaker ihlaziywe ngexesha elifutshane kunokwenzeka, lenziwe ngendlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo ehlobo. I-icebreaker iyakwazi ukuhambisa indawo yeoli kunye neyegesi kunye neendawo zokuphela kwamanxweme. Oku kubonisa ukunyuka kwayo.

Inyaniso enomdla: ekudlulileyo kweminyaka engama-30 le yinto yokuqala ye-diesel-electric icebreaker eyenziwa kwishishini laseRashiya. Ngaphambi koko, urhulumente wayala iinqanawa ezifanayo ngaphandle.