Galitsko Volyn

Ukubunjwa kweGalicia Volyn eyinhloko yenzeke ekupheleni kwekhulu le-12 nele-13. Ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwayo imbali izaliswe yinkwenkwe yenkwenkwezi, iimfazwe zangaphakathi, umsebenzi wokulwa kwabantu. Ukuphazamiseka kwamakhosi angaphandle kwimibango yezopolitiko yangaphakathi yayisoloko.

Iinqununu zaseGalitsko Volyn zenziwa nguMroma Mstislavovich Volynsky. Kwiminyaka ye-11 neyeshumi le-12, abalawuli beesibini bahlala kwintsimi ezayo. Baye bathunyelwa yi- Grand Dukes yaseKiev. Kule ndawo, uVladimir Monomakh wakhonza (kuba nguRhuluneli waseSviatoslav Yaroslavich).

I-Halytska i-Volyn yeyona ndlela yaqulunqwa ngokusekelwe kumazwe asezantsi kumzantsi-ntshona kunye nangasentshonalanga yelizwe. Ezi ndawo zilapha (ngaphezu kweminye imimandla) ezifanelekileyo zorhwebo, uqoqosho, uphuhliso lwentsebenziswano yamanye amazwe.

I-Galicia i-Volyn yeyona ndlela yayinemida kunye neentsika zeCarpathians, ezahlala kwiDanube. Ukusuka apha indlela eya eHungary, eBulgaria yavulwa, umzila wezorhwebo waseDanube uholele kwiziko laseYurophu, amazwe aseBalkan, eByzantium. Ukusuka ngasenyakatho-mpuma nenyakatho yeGalicia, ubukhulu be-Volyn bayijikelezwe ngamazwe aseKiev, alahlekelwa amandla awo, ngaphandle kokubiza amazwe asekufuphi, amkhusela ummelwane ngokutshabalaliswa kwabalawuli baseRostov-Suzdal.

Ngethuba lokuhlala kwe-Ancient Rus kummandla walo osezantsi-ntshona, imizi eninzi yakhiwa yanda. Ngoko, kwiiGalicia Volyn eziphambili izixeko zaseVladimir-Volynsky, eGalich, ePeremyshl, eBerestye, eTerebovl nakwabanye bahluma. La mazwe ayekwahlula umgangatho ophezulu wokuvelisa ngesandla. Inkcubeko yegrarian yaseGalicia yecandelo lase-Volyn labeka isiseko sokulima kwezolimo.

Kwintsimi yayithengisa iindlela: kuLwandle oluMnyama oluvela eBaltic (kwi-Vistula, Dnister, eNtshona Bug). Imizila yokurhweba yomhlaba kunye nomhlaba kumazwe asezantsi nakumazantsi aseYurophu.

UVladimir-Volynsky - enye yezona zixeko ezikhulu kunazo zonke-ixesha elide kwakukho ukuhlala kwababusi be-Grand Dukes. Esi sixeko saqanjwa ngokuthi sihlonishwe nguVladimir I. Isixeko saseGalich saqhakaza kwi-yorhwebo yokutyuwa. Nanku phakathi kwekhulu le-12 i-boyarism eyayizimeleyo yavela, kwaqulunqwa amaqela asebenzayo abemi.

Amaziko kumacandelo e-princedoms asekuhlaleni anyuke ngokuphawulekayo. Apha inzala kaRostislav, owayengunyana kaVladimir, owayengunyana kaYaroslav the Wise, walawula .

URostislav Vladimirovich waba ngumbusi ohlala eVladimir-Volynsky. Emva koko iRostislavovichi yayinezo zixeko ezifana neKholm, iLutsk, iTuriysk, iBuzhesk, iTerebovly, i-Dorogobuzh, iPrzemysl. Le mimandla yayihle kwaye isityebi. Kwizixeko kwakukho izakhiwo ezininzi zamatye, phantse zonke zaziqine kakhulu. Kwixesha la mandulo la mazwe atyathwa ePoland nguVladimir, kwaye kamva nguYaroslav the Wise. Ngaloo ndlela, umzi wokuqala waba yinxalenye yelizwe elidala laseRashiya, kwaye ngoko ke isiseko seGalicia Volyn yeyona ndawo-eyimimandla eyimimandla esekelwe kuGalich noVladimir-Volynsky.

Ngesiqingatha sesibini se-12 leminyaka, inzala yaseMonomakh neRostislav ithathe inxaxheba ekuphuhlisweni kwepolitiko kwintsimi. Ukuthetha ngembali yeGalicia Volyn eyinhloko, asinakukwazi ukukhankanya iinkosana ezinhlanu ezazilawula kulo mmandla: Umzukulu kaRostislav uVladimir, unyana kaVladimir, u-Yaroslav Osmomysle (owaziwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-Lay Igor's Host), umzala kaYaroslav u-Ivan Berladnik. Izikhulu zaseVolyn, inzala yaseMonomakh, umzukulu kaRoman Mstislavovich Volynsky kunye nendodana yakhe uDaniil Romanovich Galitsky (abathathi inxaxheba ekulweni neKalka ngokumelene neMongol-Tatars) nabo balawula apha. Lawa awona manani aphezulu kakhulu ngexesha.