Amasosha ase-SS: imbali kunye neefoto

I-Schutzstaffel, okanye i-detachment yokukhusela-ngoko kwi-fascist eJamani ngo-1923-1945. Ebizwa ngokuba ngamajoni e-SS, iifomilitary formations ze- National Socialist Party Party (NSDAP). Umsebenzi oyintloko weyunithi yokulwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lobunjwa kukukhuselwa komntu, uAdolf Hitler.

AmaSt SS: ukuqala kwembali

Yonke yaqala ngo-Matshi 1923, xa umlindi kunye nomqhubi we-A. Hitler, umlindi kunye noxanduva luka-Emil Maurice, kunye nomthengisi wezinto zokuthengisa kunye nezobudlelwane bezobuNazi baseJamani uJoseph Berchtold, badala abasebenzi baseMunich. Injongo ephambili yoluhlu olusandul 'ukulwa noluntu lwaluyi-defense ye-NSDAP Führer Adolf Hitler kwizinto ezisongelayo kunye nokukhutshiswa kwamanye amaqela kunye nezinye iinkqubo zezopolitiko.

Emva kokuqala okuthobekileyo njengebhokisi lokukhusela inkokheli ye-NSDAP, iqela lempi lakhula laba yi-Waffen SS, enezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo. Amagosa kunye namajoni ase-Waffen-SS yayinxalenye enkulu yokulwa. Inani elipheleleyo lalingaphezu kwama-950 lamawaka, abantu abangama-38 amacandelo okulwa.

I-Beer putsch ka-A. Hitler no-E. Ludendorff

"Burgerbroekeller" - ihholo ehholo eMunich eRosenheimerstrasse, 15. Indawo yendawo yokusela yokuloba ivumelekile ukufumana abantu abayi-1830. Ukususela kwixesha leRiphabliki ye-Weimar, ngenxa yesakhono sayo, "iBurgerbroekeller" ibe yindawo eyaziwayo kakhulu yokubamba iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka nezopolitiko.

Ngoko, ngobusuku bukaNovemba 8-9, ngo-1923, ukuvukela kwenzeka kwiholo lokusekwa, injongo yalo yayikutshabalalisa urhulumente waseJamani wamanje. Iyokuqala yayingu-A. Hitler engumlingani kwizithethe zezopolitiko, u-Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff, obonisa iinjongo eziqhelekileyo kunye neenjongo zalo mbuthano. Umququzeleli oyintloko kunye nomgqugquzeli weengcamango weso siganeko nguAdolf Hitler, inkokheli ye-NSDAP, iqela elincinci lamaNazi. Kwintetho yakhe yokumangalela, wabiza ngokungenabubele ukutshabalalisa zonke iintshaba zePublic Party Party.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweBeri Putsch - lo ngumcimbi wembali kwimbali - amasosha ase-SS, awayekhokelwa ngunondyebo kunye nomhlobo osondeleyo we-Fuhrer J. Berchtold, wathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, amagunya aseJamani aphendule ngokukhawuleza kule ngqungquthela yamaNazi aze athathe onke amanyathelo okuwaphelisa. UAdolf Hitler wagwetywa waza waboshwa, kwaye iqela le-NSDAP eJamani lavalwa. Ngokwemvelo, isidingo semisebenzi yokukhusela isilondolozi se-paramilitary esanda kuqalwa sawa. AmaSol SS (isithombe sichazwe kwinqaku), njengoko kwakhiwa ukulwa kwe "Strike Detachment", kwachithwa.

I-Restless Fuhrer

Ukukhululwa entolongweni ngo-Epreli 1925, uAdolf Hitler wayala ilungu leqela lakhe kunye noonogada u-Yu Shrek ukuba abe ngumlindi. Ukukhethwa kwanikezelwa kubalandeli bokuqala be-"Strike Squad". Emva kokuqokelela abantu abasibhozo, uJkt Shrek udala iqela lokukhusela. Ekupheleni kowe-1925, amandla onke okwakhiwa kwempi yayingamawaka. Ukususela kwangoku kunikwa igama elithi "amasosha ase-SS weSizwe soBasebenzi baseJamani".

Akuyena wonke umntu onokujoyina umbutho we-SS SSAP. Abakhethiweyo kule ndawo "inhlonipho" banikwe izimo ezinzima:

• Umdala ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-25 ukuya kwe-35;
• Ukuhlala kuloo ndawo ubuncinane iminyaka emi-5;
• Ubuninzi bama-guarantors amabini phakathi kwamalungu eqela;
• Impilo efanelekileyo;
• U qeqesho;
• ISityity.

Ukongezelela, ukuba ilungu leqela kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, isosha le-SS, umviwa kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ngumntu ophezulu we-Aryan. Le yimithetho esemthethweni ye-SS (Schutzstaffel).

Ukuqeqeshwa nokulungiselela

Amajoni amabutho ase-SS kufuneka aqeqeshe ukulwa okufanelekileyo, okwenziwa ngamanyathelo athile kwaye kwahlala iinyanga ezintathu. Iinjongo eziphambili zoqeqesho olunzulu lwabaqeshi zi:

• Ukulungiswa ngokusemgangathweni ngokomzimba ;
• Ulwazi lweengalo ezincinci kunye nefa labo elipheleleyo;
• Ukufundiswa kwezombusazwe.

Ukuqeqeshwa kobugcisa bempi kwakunzima kangangokuba omnye kuphela kwaba bantu abathathu bahamba yonke indlela ukuya ekupheleni. Emva koqeqesho oluyisiseko, abaqashiweyo bathunyelwa kwizikolo ezizodwa, apho bafumana imfundo eyongezelelweyo ehambelana nomkhosi okhethiweyo.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kubulumko bemikhosi emkhosini kwakungekelwe kuphela kwimpumelelo yomkhosi, kodwa kunye nokuthembela kunye nokuhlonipha phakathi kwabaviwa kumagosa okanye kumasosha. Yile ndlela amajoni ase-Wehrmacht ahluke ngayo kumasosha ase-SS, apho ukuqeqeshwa okuqinileyo kunye nomgaqo oqinileyo wokwahlula kuba magosa kunye namajoni babekwe ngaphambili.

Intsha entsha yeyunithi yokulwa

U-Adolf Hitler uxhomekeke ngokubaluleka ngokubaluleka kwimikhosi emitsha eyayisanda kudala, eyabonakala ngokunyaniseka kwabo nokuthembeka kwabo kwi-Fuhrer. Iphupha eliphambili leNkokheli yaseFransi ye-fascist yayiyikudala ukubunjwa kwe-elites okukwazi ukufezekisa nayiphi na imisebenzi iNtloko kaZwelonke yentlalo ebeka phambi kwayo. Oku kwakufuna inkokheli engakwazi ukujamelana nalo msebenzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ngoJanuwari 1929, kwisinconywa sikaHitler, uReichsführer we-SS waba ngu-Heinrich Luitpold Himmler, omnye wabancedisi abathembekile bakaHitler kwi- Third Reich. Inombolo yabasebenzi be-SS-168 entsha.

Umsebenzi wakhe njengentloko yeqela elikhethekileyo lomphathi omtsha laqala ngokuqiniswa komgaqo-nkqubo wabasebenzi. Emva kokuphuhlisa iimfuno ezintsha zabasebenzi, uG. Himmler wasusa iinqununu zesakhiwo esasisigxina. I-SS Reichsführer ngokuzimeleyo ilindile iiyure iifoto zamalungu nabaviwa kwi-SS, ukufumana iimpazamo "zobuhlanga". Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala inani lamajoni kunye namagosa e-SS landa kakhulu, sele landa malunga namaxesha angama-10. Umphathi we-SS waphumelela kwimpumelelo kwiminyaka emibini.

Siyabulela oku, udumo lwamasosha ase-SS lukhule kakhulu. Nguye u-Himmler obizwa ngokuba ngumbhali wesenzo esaziwayo kubo bonke abakwiifilimu malunga neMfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic - "Heil Hitler", eneengalo ezilungileyo eziphakanyisiwe kwinqanaba lika-45 °. Ukongezelela, kubonga kuReichsfuhrer, ifomu lamajoni ase-Wehrmacht (i-SS kuquka) ayenziwa ngokutsha, okwakunjalo kwada kwawa kweJamani eJamani ngo-Meyi 1945.

Umyalelo we-Fuhrer

Igunya le-Schutzstaffel (i-SS) likhule kakhulu ngenxa yolawulo lomntu weFührer. Umyalelo oshicilelwe wathi akukho mntu unelungelo lokukhupha iilayisti kuma-SS kunye namagosa, ngaphandle kwababasemagunyeni abasemva. Ukongezelela, kwacetyiswa kuwo onke amayunithi aseMzantsi Afrika, amaxhoba okuhlaselwa eyaziwa ngokuthi "ama-brownshirts", ukuncedisa ngazo zonke iindlela ekusebenziseni umkhosi wama-SS, ukubonelela ngeendlela zokugqibela.

Imifutho yeS SS efanayo

Ukususela ngoku, uhlobo lwejoni le-SS lahluke ngokugqithiseleyo kwiingubo zokuhlaselwa (SA), iinkonzo zokhuseleko (SD) kunye nezinye izigaba zengalo ezihlangeneyo ze-Third Reich. Inkalo ehlukile yomfaniswano wezempi we-SS yile:

• Ijekethi emnyama kunye neebhulukhwe ezimnyama;
• Iphepha elimhlophe;
• Isikhongo samnyama kunye nomtya omnyama.

Ukongezelela, kumkhono wesobunxele webhokisi kunye / okanye ishati, ukususela ngoku ngoku, kwakunomfanekiso obonakalisiweyo wedijithali obonisa ukuba ungowesi okanye umgangatho wemikhosi yama-SS. Ngokuqhambuka kweentlanga eYurophu ngo-1939, iifomu ze-SS zaqala ukutshintsha. Ukuzaliseka okusemgangathweni komyalelo kaG. Himmler kumbala omnyama nomhlophe ofanayo wefomu, eyahlula amajoni ka-A. Umkhosi wabantu bakaHitler kwiingalo ezidibaniseneyo zezinye iinkqubo zamaNazi, wayekhululekile.

Ifemu yenkampani yokulungelelanisa iifom yezempi, ngenxa yomthwalo walo mthwalo omkhulu, ayikwazanga ukubonelela ngokufanayo kuzo zonke iiyunithi ze-SS. Ii-servicemen zacelwa ukuba zitshintshe iimpawu zokuba yi-Schutzstaffel ukusuka kwifomu jikelele ye-Wehrmacht.

Amajoni amabutho ama-SS

Njengawo nayiphi na inyunithi yempi, umkhosi wama-SS wawunegunya lawo lolawulo lwezempi. Ngezantsi itafile ethelekisayo yemilinganiselo yemikhosi yemikhosi ye-Soviet Army, i-Wehrmacht kunye ne-SS.

Isikhundla esiphezulu sempi emkhosini wama-elite we-Adolf Hitler nguReichsfuehrer SS, okwangoku ku-Meyi 23, ngo-1945 kwakunguHeinrich Himmler, ohambelana noMarshal weSoviet Union kwi-Red Army.

Amabhaso kunye nemihlobiso kwi-SS

Amajoni kunye namagosa olwahlulo lwabalandeli be-SS banokunikezwa imiyalelo, iindondo kunye namanye amanqaku okuhlukana, kunye nezinye iinkonzo zempi zomkhosi wamaNazi eJamani. Kwakukho inani elincinci lamabhaso ahlukeneyo, ayenziwa ngokukhethekileyo "kwiintandokazi" ze-Fuhrer. Ezi ziquka imirhumo yenkonzo ye-4- kunye no-8 kwinqanaba elincinci lika-Adolf Hitler, kunye nomnqamlezo okhethekileyo kunye ne-swastika, eyanikelwa abantu base-SS iminyaka eyi-12 kunye ne-25 yokuzinikela inkonzo yabo kwi-Fuhrer.

Oonyana bokholo beFuehrer

Ukukhunjulwa kwejoni le-SS: "Imigaqo esasishukumiselayo yayiyimisebenzi, inyanikelo kunye nodumo. Ukukhusela i-Fatherland kunye nomoya wokudibanisa kunye neempawu eziphambili esizikhulisayo. Sacetyiswa ukuba siwabulale bonke abo babephambi kombhobho wezixhobo zethu. Isiva sobubele akufanele siyeke ijoni enkulu eJamani, phambi kwowesifazane othandazela inceba, okanye phambi kwamehlo abantwana. Sashukunyiswa ngesiqubulo esithi: "Ukwamkela ukufa nokuzala ukufa." Ukufa kufuneka kube yinto eqhelekileyo. Ijoni ngalinye laliqonda ukuba ngokuzibingelela, ngoko wanceda iGermany enkulu ekulwa nomlo oqhelekileyo, u-communism. Sasizicingela njengabalwela ikusasa lehlabathi, i- elite kaHitler. "

La magama angowomnye wamajoni e-Reich Reich yangaphambili, iqela eliqhelekileyo lokusondeza i-SS Gustav Frank, ngokusindisa ngokumangalisayo emva kweMfazwe yaseStalingrad kwaye yafunyanwa yiRashiya. Ngaba ngaba la mazwi okuzisola okanye ulwalamano olutsha olulula lwamaNazi angama-20 ubudala? Namhlanje kunzima ukugweba oku.

Ulingo lweenkambiso zeJamani eJamani

Kwimeko yesigwebo saseNuremberg, amagosa kunye namajoni we-Wehrmacht kunye nee-SS babetyala njengamalungu entlangano yolwaphulo-mthetho, ngoko ke amaqhawe asekuhlaleni okulwa nawo ayenqatshelwe amalungelo amaninzi awakuthandwa ngabanye abantu basekhaya abaye balwa.

Nangona kunjalo, amajoni aseJamani ase-SS, aneminyaka yabo ngexesha lokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ayedluli iminyaka engama-18, akhululwa ekugwetyweni aze aqiniseke ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yobudala beminyaka yokubambisa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngoku, inkqubo yoqeqesho yamajoni e-Waffen SS iye yamkelwa kwimikhosi yanamhlanje kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika yaseMelika.