Iitanki zaseSoviet T-34/76: iifoto kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Enkulu yamaPatriotic, itanki ye-T-34 yenziwe ngeenguqulelo ezimbini. Ikhutshwe ngesixa esincinci se-T-34/5 esilungele izixhobo ze-artillery ZiS-4. Itanki ye-T-34/76 yayiyi-tank ephakathi kunye ne-big scale nge-F-34. Phakathi kwemfazwe, waba ngumzekelo omkhulu waseSoviet. Ukunyuka kwetanki le-T-34/76, eyenzeka ngoJulayi 2016 kwiphondo yaseVoronezh, inceda ukukhumbuza isizukulwana esinoko ngokubaluleka kwayo kunye nesiganeko. Kwimiba emininzi yayibulela kulo mshini i-Red Army yakwazi ukuphula umqolo weentshaba zaseJamani. Kule nqaku siza kuqwalasela iinkcukacha ezithakazelisayo ngazo.

U ku velisa

Ngowe-1941 benza uguqulelo oludumile kwizityalo ezintathu: eKharkov, Stalingrad naseKrasniy Sormovo eGorky. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, ngoJuni 25, iBhunga leeKhomishana zaBantu base-USSR lamkela ummiselo ngokubhekiselele kulo mbutho waseSoviet okwakwandisa kakhulu ukuveliswa kweetanki.

Enyanisweni, inkqubo entsha yokuvelisa iyenziwa. Inxaxheba ehamba phambili kuyo yabelwa kwisityalo esinguNombolo 183 eKharkov kunye ne-bureau yayo yoyilo. Umkhosi wawuthatha ukuba ezinye izakhiwo zoshishino eziye zavelisa itanki ye-T-34/76 kwaye zenze utshintsho kwindlela yakhe yokudibanisa yayiza kubonisana nale shishini. Ngokwenza oko, yonke into yajika ngokuhlukileyo. Ingxubusho yemfazwe, ukukhutshwa kwesityalo saseKharkov e-Nizhny Tagil kunye nezinye iimeko kubangele ukuba izinto zobugcisa kunye nezobugcisa kuphela zolu hlobo aluzange zitshintshwe. Kwezinye iinkcukacha, iimveliso zeefrijini ezahlukeneyo zingahluka ngokuthe ngqo. Igama lokuguqulwa, nokuba kunjalo, laliqhelekile. Inombolo 76 ithathwe ngenxa yesibhamu se-76-mm.

Kubonakala kwiMpi

Ixesha lezempi lenza kube lula kwaye lwenziwa ngokutsha kwemveliso ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yemarike. NgoSeptemba 1941, emva komkhuhlane weenyanga zokuqala zemfazwe, itanki T-34-76 yaqalisa ukungena emkhosini. Ubuncinci kuzo zonke izixhobo zemikhosi zazikusempilweni yasenyakatho-ntshona yomsebenzi.

Okokuqala, le midlalo yamaxesha emininzi yayisecandelo lesibini (iziganeko eziphambili zenzeka kwi-Moscow). Okwesibini, i-Leningrad Front yayingabikho kuyo yonke i-USSR. Ukuthunyelwa kwamathangi kwisixeko esinqatshelwe kwi-Neva kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ipaki yaseLenfront yayingabikho kwi-T-34/76, kodwa i-T-26 kunye ne-KV enzima ("iKlim Voroshilov").

Ukusuka kwietrekta kwiitanki

Ngo-Oktobha 1, kwakukho iitanki ezingama-566 kwi-Western Front (ezingama-65 zazo zaziyi-T-34/76). Njengoko kubonakala kula manani, inani lokuguqulwa liye lahlala lingabalulekanga. Uninzi lwalo lonke itanki T-34/76 lwakhiqizwa kwaye lwaveliswa ngowe-1943, xa lwaba yinqanaba elinamandla kakhulu kwaye lihlonishwa yiSoviet. Ngasekupheleni kwemfazwe, yatshintshwa yinguqu elandelayo-T-34/85.

Ngomhla ka-1941, umvelisi oyintloko wamathangi wayengumyezo waseStalingrad. Kwixesha langaphambili lemfazwe, lenziwe njengetrakta. Ngenkqubela ye-industrialization yaseStalin, kwavela ezininzi ezo nkampani, kwaye zonke zazo zakhiwe ngamehlo kwintlankqalazo enokulwa. Ukuba ngexesha lokuthula leStalingrad livelisa itrekta, emva kokuhlaselwa kweJamani, yena, ngenxa yezinto ezikhethiweyo zokuvelisa, wabuyela ngokukhawuleza kwiTanki. Esikhundleni semishini yezolimo kwakukho izixhobo zempi.

Vavanyo ebusika

Ngethuba lokuqala, i-T-34/76 yabhengezwa njengetanki yendalo yonke ekwindla ka-1941. Ngaloo mihla amaJamani ayefuna uMoscow. Kwi-Wehrmacht lithembele i-blitzkrieg kwaye yaphosa ekulweni kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha. Amajoni aseSoviet abuyela kwi-capital. Ukulwa kwakuse-80 km ukusuka eMoscow. Okwangoku, ekuqaleni (ngo-Oktobha) kwekhephu kwawa kunye nekhephu. Ngaphantsi kwezi meko, iitanki zokukhanya T-60 kunye ne-T-40S zilahlekelwe ukukwazi ukuzenza. Amanqaku amaninzi aphethwe ukungaphumeleli kwibhokisi yebhokisi kunye nokutshintshela. Ngenxa yoko, kwinqanaba elisemagqabini yokulwa, kwagqitywa ukuba kwenziwe itanki enkulu T-34/76. Ngokwesisindo, lo matshini uthathwa njengesiqhelo.

Ngexesha layo, itanki ye-Soviet T-34/76 ye-1941 imodeli yayiyimpumelelo esebenzayo nefanelekileyo. Ikratshi ekhethekileyo yabenzi bezinto ezibangelwa yi-injini ye-diesel V-2. Isixhobo sokulwa ne-ballistic (into ebalulekileyo yokukhusela itanki) yazalisekisa yonke imisebenzi eyabelwe yona kwaye ikhuselekile ngokuqinisekileyo abasebenzi be-4 abantu. Inkqubo ye-Art F-34 ibonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, ukuvumela ukukhawulelana ngokukhawuleza notshaba. Yiyo le miba emithathu eyayikhathaza iingcali kuqala. Iimpawu ezisele zeTanki zatshintshile ekugqibeleni.

IiHighes-tankers

AmaTankmen awalwa nge-T-34/76, azizukisa ngeento ezininzi kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba uluhlu. Nantsi iminye imizekelo yobungqina balabasebenzi ngexesha lokulwa eMoscow. USergeant Kaforin waqhubeka evutha umlilo kwiintshaba, nangona xa bonke abahlobo bakhe bebulewe kwaye itanki yahlaselwa. Ngomso wabuyela kwelinye imoto, wabhubhisa iiplanethi ezimbini zentsapho, intshontsho yempu yomshini kunye nesithuba somyalelo wesitha. Ixesha lokugqibela uSergeant Kaforin wadutshulwa kwidolophana yaseKozlovo. Wadubula wada watshiswa ngetanki.

Ngokufanayo, abasebenzi beLieutenant Timerbaev kunye nomfundisi wezopolitiko uMamontov balwa kwiimoto ezitshiswa ngomlilo. Umlawuli wenkampani yerankini, uCaptain Vasiliev, walimala, kodwa waqhubeka emlilweni. Wenza ngokuyisimangaliso ukuphuma emotweni imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuqhuma. Kamva uVasiliev wathola isihloko esifanelekileyo seHero yeSoviet Union. Kwakhona, amadoda ase-Red Army e-Tank Brigade angama-28 ayehlala eqhubekayo.

Ukukhusela eMoscow

Amabutho aKhuselekileyo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphazamiseni ukugxeka kweJamani ngokumelene neMoscow. Benza ngokuxhamla, bathatyathele kwaye bavikele iindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkunzi, ukugcina iindlela ukuya kwindlela yokuqinisa. Ngelo xesha, umyalelo kaninzi wayengazi indlela yokuphatha amathangi. Ukungazi kakuhle nokungaqondi kakuhle izinto eziphathekayo zeteknoloji yanamhlanje, ngelixa abasebenzi be-Red Army, ngokuchaseneyo, babetha intshaba ngesibindi nangokunyamezela.

Ngeli xesha, iqela elinempumelelo kakhulu liqela elibandakanya ama-brigades amahlanu (TPR): Abalindi 1, 27, 28, 23 ne-33 TWR. Bawathobela i-16 Army kwaye bajonga isikhokelo seVolokolamsk. Izibetha ezilwa namaJamani zazibangelwa ngabantu ababetha. Ityala elenzeke ngoNovemba 16 kummandla weSiky kufuphi neMoscow ibonisa. Amajoni aseSoviet azithethelela kwidolophana. Iitanki zinyamalala. Kungekudala intshaba yazama ukumisela ukulawula iSyc. Ama-80 amathangi aseJamani awanqotshwa ngamashishini ase-Red Army kunye ne-motorcycle brigade. Kwixesha elibaluleke kakhulu, iimoto zaseSoviet zavela kwindawo yokulinda , ezabuyisela imeko ye-quo. Kwimfazwe phantse zonke iitanki zaseJamani kunye neenkampani ezimbini zenkwenkwezi zatshatyalaliswa.

Umzekelo ka-1943

Iimfazwe eziphambili ze-1943 zenzeka kwindawo ye-South steppes, apho kwakukho indawo yokuqhuba imisebenzi yempi kunye nokusebenzisa ubuninzi bezinto zokusebenza. Kwakuloo nto itanki enkulu yeSoviet yayiyi-T-34/76. Imodeli yaphela ukuveliswa eStalingrad. Kunoko, imveliso yayo yafudukela e-Omsk, eKhelyabinsk naseSverdlovsk.

Phakathi kweemfazwe, okulandelayo (nakuba kungabalulekanga) ngokutsha kweT-34/76 kwagqitywa. Kwakukho izitampu kunye neendwangu ezi-hexagonal, ibhokisi lebhokisi lebhokisi elitsha lafakwa. I-ofisi nganye yoyilo iphazamisekile malunga nendlela yokwandisa imveliso emveliso yomatshini, ngelixa igcina umgangatho wokusebenza kwayo. Enyanisweni, ngokuhlwa kwe-Battle of Kursk, itanki ye-T-34/76 ye-1943 imodeli yahlala ishintshile ngokungabalulekiyo kwayo, eyabonakala ekuqaleni kwemfazwe.

Iingxaki

Okwangoku, ngexesha lomkhosi ngexesha lokulwa nokulwa kwe-Red Army, ukuyila ngokucacileyo ukuveliswa kwezinto eziqalekisayo kwaqala ukubonakalisa, okwakubonakele kwiTanki yase-Soviet T-34/76. Umgangatho wayo waqalisa ukukhuphisana namaJamani emva nje kokutshatyalaliswa kwe-Wehrmacht eStalingrad. I-Reich yaqonda ukuba lixesha lokuba ilizwe lilungiselele imfazwe yexesha elide (kwaye kungekhona i-blitzkrieg). Ngenxa yokungonakaliswa kwintlalo yoluntu, izibonelelo ezininzi zaqala ukugeleza kwimali-mali. Kwakukho utshintsho olutsha lwetheknoloji yaseJamani.

Ingxaki ephambili ye-T-34/76 yayingenakukwazi ukuhamba kakuhle kwetanki. Ngaphandle kwayo, imodeli yaba yingozi kakhulu. Isizathu sokungaphumeleli sisisantya esaneleyo sokulawula ukuhambisa. Ngesele i-t-34/76 itanki ye-1942 imodeli yayinebhobho yebhobho yee-4, ngelixa iinqwelo zangaphandle zazizi-5-6. Ukongeza, iibobhoji zebhodi zeSoviet zazinzima ukusebenza nazo. Ukusuka kumatshini womqhubi, ezininzi izakhono kunye nemimoya yafuneka ukuba ikwazi ukujamelana nalo, ngelixa ama-tankmen aseJamani ayengazi malunga nokuphazamiseka okunjalo.

Abachasi abatsha

Ukulungiselela i-Kursk ibalulekileyo imfazwe, umyalelo waseSoviet wabalwa ukuba iifanki zasekhaya ziya kuhlangabezana nemimiselo entsha yaseJamani ngaphandle kweenguqu ezinzulu, eziguqulwayo kwiingubo zabo. Le ntembelo yaqiniswa yi-podkalibernye-weapon-piercing weapons, eyayibonakala kwi-Arsenal ye-Red Army ngo-Ephreli 1943. Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha i-T-34/76 yayidlala rhoqo kunye nabachasi bayo abakujongene neJamani "Panther".

Umthunzi weKursk ekugqibeleni wagxotha imilingo ye-Kremlin. I-"Tigers" entsha, "Ferdinand" kunye ne "Panther" yayingcono kunezobuchwepheshe beSoviet, emva kweminyaka emibili okanye emithathu. Kubonakala ngathi ukuhlukana okunjalo akubalulekanga. Enyanisweni, ngexesha lemfazwe, inkqubela yezobugcisa emkhosini yafumana isantya esiphezulu, ngenxa yeso sithuba esincinci sisitha esingaba sisifo.

Sebenza kwiibhugi

Zonke iingxaki ezikhankanywe ngasentla zeT-34/76 itanki yinkomngeni enkulu kunazo zonke kubakhi beSoviet. Sebenza kwiibhugi zaqala ngokukhawuleza. Eyokuqala kwimveliso yeebhokisi zebhobho yeebhokisi yayiyi-plant eSverdlovsk. Kwakukho ukutshintshwa kwe-5-speed speed, kunye ne-4-speed-ups. Ekuveleni kwaqala ukusebenzisa insimbi ekhuselekayo yokuguga ingubo. Kwakhona, iingcali zavavanya isakhiwo esitsha soguquko (iibhere, iifowuni zokuhambisa, njl njl. Iqela le-inventors laseSverdlovsk lakwazi ukuvelisa kwimveliso ye-servo-drive ye-clutch eyona nto, eyayiququzelele kakhulu umsebenzi womqhubi-mqhubi.

Ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba kwakungenye ukuphuculwa, okufumene itanki ehlaziyiweyo ye-T-34/76. Iifoto zeemoto ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zingakhange zibukeke ezahlukeneyo, kodwa impazamo ephezulu yayisekhompyutheni yangaphakathi. Amavili akwi-track roller kunye ne-sloth zaqiniswa, ukunyaniseka kokwakhiwa kwandisiwe, njl. Ukongeza, zonke iitanks zaqala ukudlula iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zemveliso.

Kwakhona kweshishini

NgoJulayi 1943, ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuphuculwa kwetanki le-T-34/76 eyenziwe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokugqibela kwaqala ukuchaphazela. Amaqiniso anentshisekelo ashiywe emva kwemfazwe edumile yeProkhorovka. I-5 Guards Army Force iye yafezekisa ukukhwela kwamagosa.

Kwiintsuku ezintathu zebhunga kunye nokulahlekelwa ubuncinci kubasebenzi abadlulileyo malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-350. Ngokungafunekiyo kumaJamani ezi zinto zenziwa imfazwe kwaye zaphazamisa ukuhlaselwa kwamaJamani. Itshaba lalahleka malunga nekota kwikota.

Ukuphela kokusebenza

Olunye uvavanyo olunzulu lobuchwephesha beSoviet lwaluyihlaseli likaBelarusian ngowe-1944. Ngaphambili apha, njengaseNtshonalanga-ntshona yeRashiya, bekukho iindaba zokufumanisa izithuthi zemikhosi eminxwemeni . Kubandakanywa amaxesha amaninzi itanki yafakwa kwi-T-34/76.

EBelarus, iteknoloji yayifanele ihambe ezindleleni ezingaselunxwemeni ezingenagqitywanga ezingekho kumgangatho ophezulu, okanye nakwihlathi nakwiimvula. Ngelo xesha, ixesha lokulondolozwa kobugcisa lungekho nto. Ngokuchasene nobunzima, ukutshatyalaliswa kweT-34/76 olutsha kunye nomsebenzi walo kwaye kuqhubeka uhambo lweekhilomitha ezili-1,000 (50-70 likhilomitha ngosuku).

Emva kokusebenza kweBelarusian, lo mzekelo wagqiba ukuhamba ngendlela elandelayo, ukuguqulwa kwama-85. I-tank 34/76 yokugqibela eyayisindayo yafunyanwa ngaphantsi kweDon River kwiPhondo laseVoronezh. Yakhuliswe phezulu ngoJulayi 2016. Ukufunyanwa kuya kuboniswa kumyuziyam.