Notation Basic phezu amavili. Isikhundla lwamavili zonke-lonyaka. Ezama Amagama Amavili

Xa ukhetha nokuthengela amavili emoto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba amele zonke ezi ityhulu xa uqala kuqala oonobumba neenombolo kwi emacaleni emoto. Ngaphandle ulwazi oluthile ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo, ngaphandle uncedo leengcali, nje akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke le miqondiso ebekwe phantsi imida ezingundoqo phantsi apho, enyanisweni, yerabha ekhethiweyo.

Ezama iziqu Amavili ayidingi ngolwazi olongezelelweyo eziqhelekileyo umthengi. Ukuze ukhethe amavili ekunene, uyazi nje ukuba ubukhulu abazidingayo, yaye njani yaye nini ziya kusetyenziswa kwabo.

Isiqalo

Le ncwadana ukusebenza emotweni idla abhalwe ezinye iingcebiso ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe amavili. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo uhlobo zayo (ngesinyithi okanye ingxubevange), onyaka (ehlotyeni, ebusika), kwakunye nobukhulu mveliso standard. Kakade ke, asizizo zonke umqhubi ibambelela ezi ngcebiso, kuba yintoni ifakwe amavili emoto, leyo yi parameters zayo lingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno umenzi.

Ngoko ke yintoni kungcono ukuqala ukufunda iimfuno eqhelekileyo ukuba amavili ezithile oomatshini brand. Ukuba abanelisekanga uhlobo ukuliphi irabha, nto leyo ukhwele emotweni, kufuneka ubhale nje bonke olubhalo.

Eyona engundoqo iparameters: Tyre isiqu, yokumakisha

Zonke boonobumba phezu amavili sidewall kwambatha macala omabini. namagama eziphambili zezi ulwazi amatayala:

• nomakhi;
• ubukhulu eqhelekileyo;
• index speed;
• index umthwalo;
• ngokwamaxesha;
• umhla wokwenziwa.

Ukongeza kwezi, kusenokubakho izihionipho ezongezelelweyo amatayala ezibonelela ulwazi malunga:

• design isondo;
• uhlobo emoto;
• izinto zokwakha sidewall;
• uxinzelelo avumelekile eliphezulu;
• indlela ukujikeleza kwawo;
• ukufudumeza ukumelana;
• ezisemgangathweni kunye nezinye standard.

nomakhi data

Wandise amavili equlathe igama umenzi, ziyasetyenziswa sidewall ngombhalo omkhulu. Bakuqaphele yinto engenakwenzeka.

Ngumlimi - yinto yokuqala ukuze isigqibo. brand ezithandwayo, ezifana "Nokia", "Michelin", "Dunlop", "Yokohama", "Kumho", "Continental", "Kumho", kufuneka akukho intshayelelo. Iziqu zezi nkampani aziwa ehlabathini umgangatho yabo nokuthembeka. Kodwa kukho ezinye abenzi ogama bambalwa abantu bazi. Apha kulo mzekelo, udinga icebiso ingcali okanye ukukhangela nokubuyekezwa njongo.

Ubungakanani lwamavili

Le ingummiselo esisiseko ekukhetheni ngerabha. Oku kuquka parameters ezine:

• ububanzi;
• ukuphakama iprofayile;
• uhlobo wokwakha;
• ukutyala (ngaphakathi) ubukhulu.

ubukhulu Tyre isiqu ejonge malunga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 185 / 65R15, apho 185 - ububanzi kwindawo osebenzela isondo (mm) 65 - profile ububanzi ipesenti ubude (185: 100 x 65% = 120,25 mm), R - uhlobo isakhiwo (groove) 15 - i ubudeki yangaphakathi (in intshi).

Abanye abaqhubi basoloko bexakaniseka iphawulwe «R» ngerabha radius. Enyanisweni, oku ukonyulwa ubukhulu ivili kunye nohlobo yokwakha, kuxhomekeka kwindawo kwezintya. Zingakotshwa amalungiselelo njenge iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano (R), kunye nemigca elinganayo (D). Amavili ngomtya oxwesileyo azixhaphakanga namhlanje, njengoko ziqu, ukuba kunokwenzeka ngakumbi, ukuba phantse ngebhaxa kuye.

speed rating

Eli xabiso ibonisa eliphezulu ngesantya sicikidiweyo kumatshini, apho irabha liqinisekiswa ukumelana imisebenzi yabo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba abavelisi phantse lonke siwabaxe olu khetho ukuba overclock umatshini wakho Kucetyiswa ngaphambi kwisantya enikwe ngamandla. Kwakhona kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba iinkampani angaphandle ukuvelisa amavili, akukho ingcamango ngesimo kweendlela zethu, ngoko nayiphi kunjalo, musa ukuzama ukukhangela ezi ekwandiseni isantya. Kwi iso- ubuninzi umcephe uphawulo ophawulwe omnye unobumba we-alfabhethi Latin, ebonisa kwesantya. emoto yethu eqhelekileyo, ziphawulwe ngoonobumba zilandelayo:

• «L» - 120 km / h;
• «M» - 130 km / h;
• «N» - 140 km / h;
• «P» - 150 K / h;
• «Q» - 160 km / h;
• «R» - 170 km / h;
• «S» - 180 km / h;
• «T» - 190 km / h;
• «H» - 210 km / h;
• «V» - 240 km / h;
• «W» - km 270 / h;
• «Y» - 300 km / h.

Iimoto ezemidlalo kunye nezithuthi inxaxheba kukhuphiswano ezahlukeneyo, kukho unyulo eyodwa amavili. Speed index «ZR», umzekelo, ibonisa ukuba amathayara ukuze isetyenziswe ngesantya iindlela ezibalulekileyo, ngamanye amazwi, ukususela 240 km / h.

index umthwalo ubunzima

Esi salathisi limele umthwalo ubuninzi sidinwe nganye ngeekhilogram. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha ivili ezifanelekileyo ngokwahlula ubunzima imoto 4 angabuyi. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ubunzima umatshini isasazwa ngokulinganayo phakathi iasi, ngoko isalathisi iziphumo ziya kuba kakhulu zabaxwa. Okokuqala kufuneka sithathe phezu ubunzima imoto% 20 ixabiso layo (ukuba izithuthi off-kwendlela - 30%), ize emva koko umahlule ngo 4.

Iimpawu kwi emoto isalathiso umthwalo ziquka amanani amabini okanye amathathu ezihambelana ubunzima. Kuba kwenkcazo iikhrayitheriya kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo yeemoto kukho iitafile ezikhethekileyo, nathi ingqalelo amanani ezisisiseko uqikelelo iimoto abakhweli:

• 70 - 335 kg;
• 75 - 387 kg;
• 80 - 450 kg;
• 85 - 515 kg;
• 90 - 600 kg;
• 95 - 690 kg;
• 100 - 800 kg;
• 105 - 925 kg;
• 110 - 1030 kg.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba mkhulu isalathiso umthwalo, isondo isidumbu ziyatyeba kwaye coarser, leyo kunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho walo ukunceda.

amasondo ihlobo nobusika

bemfuno zonyaka zonke amavili emoto ukuba zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

• ehlobo;
• ebusika;
• lonyaka.

amasondo Summer lidla ngokuba akukho zokuphawula okhethekileyo. Ngokweliso kulahlula singayilwa ezinye iintlobo vee longitudinal ukuphambukisa amanzi. Ngaphezu koko, ke, ndayihluthwa microdesign. Summer emoto capitalise ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela ukumelana wear ngokupheleleyo imoto liphezulu kwiqondo lobushushu ngaphezu zero.

Isikhundla lwamavili zasebusika equlathe nokuba ilizwi «Winter», okanye i icon kwi ngohlobo iqhwa. Ukuba athambe kakhulu ehlotyeni kwaye nomkhuseli ngokukhawuleza phezulu microdesigns. Isikhundla lwamavili zasebusika snowflake ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo sikhuselekile neemeko kuneqabaka kakhulu.

Amaxesha amaninzi abaqhubi bona amavili ziyaphawulwa ngokuzibhala oonobumba «MS» okanye «M + S», onokuthandabuza ukuba ubusika. Kodwa ke hayi nokonyulwa amavili ebusika. Oku marking ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa irabha kwiimeko ezizodwa.

Elithi "i-MS" kwi emavilini - it «ngodaka Snow», nto leyo ethetha ukuba IsiNgesi ngokuba 'udaka nekhephu ". It linokusetyenziswa zonke amavili, kungakhathaliseki ukuba lonyaka. Ngamanye amazwi, ukwalathelwa «MS» kwi emavilini - ingumqondiso obalatha isibakala sokuba eli ivili yenzelwe ngaphandle kwendlela okanye phezu kombekelelo wamatye, Bathiwe wambu nodaka ezimanzi okanye ikhephu gruel. Ezi amasondo ezibizwa ngokuba lugs, kodwa asetyenziswa becala mhlawumbi iimoto irali, okanye SUV.

Bonke-lonyaka amavili: isiqu, yokumakisha

Kukho khathala jikelele ezinokusetyenziswa nangaliphi na ixesha enyakeni. amasondo Isikhundla isizini kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zabo zokusebenza kwaye babe izifinyezo zilandelayo:

• «AS» (All Season, Nawuphi Season) - onke amaxesha;
• «R + W» (Road + Winter) - vsesezonka ngeenqila ebandayo;
• «AW» (Nayiphi Weather) - vsesezonka nayiphi na imozulu.

Ukongeza, bonke-ixesha iminqwazi Isikhundla idla iqulethe mbhalo «Aqua», «Water», «Aquacontact», «Rain» okanye isambrela ukuzoba. Oku kuthetha ukuba irabha uyakwazi ukuba athi amanzi ngendlela eyiyo ukusuka moya ka adibane endleleni, leyo kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba hydroplaning. Ezi Amatayari ebizwa imvula.

Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba bonke-xesha iminqwazi - ingqiqo kakhulu eqhelekileyo, kwaye sebenzisa ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kucetyiswa ngamandla.

umhla wokwenziwa

Ngomhla wokwenziwa kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kuphela xa uthenga amavili ezibe ukusetyenziswa, kodwa ekufunyanweni entsha. Eyona nto kukuba abathengisi abanganyanisekanga bavame ukuthenga ngexabiso eliphantsi irabha, nto leyo iminyaka Wayelele alibangwa yokulondoloza.

abavelisi iTire bathi ukugcinwa yabo elide kukhokelela ekubeni amathayara balahlekelwe imilo kunye nokusebenza kwabo iimpawu. Kakade ke, ukuba malunga naluphi na ukhuseleko ekusebenziseni iirubber enjalo asikwazi ukuya.

Funda umhla ivili ukukhululwa kulula. Yokumakisha kwakhona isicelo kumphezulu osecaleni kwaye ibandakanya amanani amane ebonisa iveki kunye nonyaka. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1609 lo mbhalo ubonisa ukuba ivili yenziwe kwiveki ye-16 ka-2009. Phantse zonke zehlabathi abenzi ivili ungawuphosi lo nokumakisha, ngoko ukungabikho walo kwicala - lowokuqala umqondiso iimveliso non-eqinisekisiweyo.

Hi ndlela leyi, kude 2000 umhla omiselweyo digits ezintlanu, ezimbini zokuqala apho - inani iiveki, kunye nezinye emithathu - ikhowudi yemveliso nyaka.

ezinye iziqu

Kodwa ukongeza ubhalo esisiseko kudla irabha unamanye wandise:

• «Max Pressure» Umqondiso yedijithali - Ibonakalisa eliphezulu ngokuvunywe uxinzelelo kwamaxabiso (ngokuqhelekileyo in kilopascals okanye nemivalo);
• «Ngaphakathi», «Autside» - abonisa ukuba amavili yezi zinto;
• «Ukujikeleza» kunye nesikhombisi - ibonisa ukuba ivili unalo isakhiwo zokukhomba, kufuneka abekwe ngokufanelekileyo;
• «Ubushushu» A, B, C - isalathiso uzinzo thermal (A - ubuninzi);
• «Ibambelele» A, B, C - isalathiso inhibition egqiba ukusebenza elekhtrons kaxakeka (A - best);
• «Tubeless» - tubeless ivili;
• «Uhlobo Tube» - ivili yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngekhamera;
• «RSC» - amatayari ezizodwa kunye nobugcisa Run Flat System Component ukuba aqhubeke ukuqhuba isithuthi kwindawo okuhlatywa okanye usike amavili. Ezo emoto ukwazi Kwathi ukuya ku-100 km engekho soxinzelelo lwangaphakathi;
• «Twi» - umbhalo ebonisa ukuba ivili unalo "lighthouse" ekhethekileyo, ibekwe kukho umsantsa phakathi enilinyatheleyo, leyo sisalathisi ukuguga;
• «PR» - isondo isidumbu amandla, ezibalelwa nenani lamanqanaba iirubber.

Kutheni le amathayara kufuneka izangqa ezinemibala

Mhlawumbi ukhe wadibana ibhasi kunye izangqa ezinemibala emacaleni. imvelaphi yazo oluninzi amarhe, ukuqala nesibakala sokuba le amanqaku iteknoloji efunekayo kuphela ngexesha ukuveliswa irabha, kunye nesiphelo nesibakala sokuba umenzi okanye umthengisi oko isibabula isiqu ivili onganeno okanye ezineziphene.

Enyanisweni, ezi izangqa ezinemibala zibonisa iimpawu zolwakhiwo isondo. Ezama iziqu Amavili ziphawulwe amabala ezityheli okanye obomvu, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• isangqa yellow - inxenye ilula isondo;
• isangqa red - isabelo zinzima isondo;
• isangqa eluhlaza - sidinwe ngenxa ukufakwa zokuqala yesithuthi mveliso

Kodwa kutheni umntu wazi apho isabelo ukukhanya, nalapho enzima? Yinto elula! Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuba amavili eTire enyusiweyo iikhamera le ndawo ilula ukuya kwingono. Oku kunceda ukufikelela imiba ephathelele ngexesha ujikelezo.

Kwezinye iimeko, phezu sidewall isondo inokufumaneka ngokuphawula amanani isangqa, isikwere, unxantathu, ipeyinti emhlophe isicelo. Yinto uhlobo uphawu ukuba imveliso sele idlule ulawulo lomgangatho (njenge iOTC yethu). Ukongeza koku, yinto brand libekisa umlawuli ethile, unoxanduva zokutshekisha.

imigca ezinemibala phezu kotyani

Phantse zonke emoto ezintsha imivumbo ngombala kwicala yokusebenza isondo. Baya nayo umdla kumnini imoto yaye musa ukwenza naluphi na ulwazi luncedo kuye. Lwemibala lwamavili yenzelwe ukwenza lula ukuqatshelwa yabo yokugcina.

Xa amawaka yezikhala sidinwe sele stock, umqeshwa akanako ukugqiba udidi lwabo ubungakanani, ngaphandle kokubona mshini ebekwe kwi sidewall. Ngawo la iziqwenga ezinemibala zicwangciswe ngendlela ethile, uyakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo uhlobo sidinwe kunye nobukhulu bayo.