Imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo of eMoscow" (ifoto)

Battle for eMoscow kwiMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu kwinkumbulo abantu Russian xa uya kuhlala elusuku olukhe-. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba ngaphambili ungalazanga ngokoyiswa umkhosi waseJamani nga koyiswa. UHitler, ukuba kuthinjwe eMoscow kwakubaluleke kakhulu, othi kuloyiso ngokupheleleyo eSoviet Union. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ekuqaleni ekuweni Wehrmacht. Bonke abo wasivuna ikomkhulu kwilizwe lethu, kokubini zomkhosi zokunxiba, baye babonisa ukuzinikela, ubuqhawe kunye nokumelana ukhaliphe. Imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo of Moscow" kwakukho abo anobukroti obungummangaliso zibe yinto umqobo endleleni ethath unokuloyisa ihlabathi.

wawalwela eMoscow

Battle of eMoscow na ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe nezigaba ezibini: ukuzithethelela, ekhubekisayo.

I yembali loqalo lwencopho edabini ingqukuva eSoviet Union, okanye, ngamanye amazwi, ngosuku lokuqala wawalwela Moscow - le-30 Septemba 1941. Icountdown siqhutywa emva lohlaselo umkhosi waseJamani baqala, codenamed "Typhoon" kwicala Bryansk kunye Vyazma. Ebhasini ayenzima. Kunye nelahleko enkulu utshaba wenza indlela yakhe eya channel iVolga-eMoscow yamiswa ngasemazantsi kwisixeko Kashira. Kufuphi eMoscow, akaba nako kuza.

ukuziphendulela City wema abemi balo. Ehlotyeni lenzeka kwamacandelo 12 no-56 ithathele ntliziyo abeye ukuze akhusele kwikomkhulu. Ukongezelela, ngokutsho GKO ummiselo ka-12 Septemba 1941, ukwakhiwa iinqaba ngeenxa eMoscow. Umgca ephambili esemqoka layigubungela mzi kwisangqa, apho lalikhona kweekhilomitha ezingama-20 ukusuka kuloo mzi. Ukongeza koku le zokuzithethelela, nakuwo umzi, umzekelo kummandla we-Garden Ring kunye kaloliwe bypass. Ngaphezu koko, exhobele shop wokulungisa zokulungisa izixhobo eyonakeleyo kunye nezixhobo. Zonke ezi zakhiwo kuthiwa Moscow zone ukuzithethelela, bamrholela ukuba ukukhuselwa intloko Moscow Military District, Jikelele PA Artemyev Phantsi ekuqaleni kwayo ukubekela bucala inxalenye yomkhosi kaNdikhoyo ekampini umzi, eethenda division reserve yaye ayila umkhosi wamajoni.

kuhlaselwa eMoscow

Ukuziphendulela elide yobuqhawe eMoscow wavumela ukuba nsinya nokomeleza loovimba. Kwaye ngoDisemba 5 kulo nyaka oko waqalisa umsebenzi ezikhubekisayo ngu fronts amathathu: esibizwa, Western noMzantsi-Koloni. Alimwi kuqala kwezi waqeshwa Jikelele Army GK Zhukov. Kuba umkhosi waseJamani kwaba yinto epheleleyo. Ngeli xesha, utshaba yase kakhulu ekulweni rhoqo eqhubekayo. Ukongeza, ngenxa neemeko zemozulu kakhulu kunye nonikezelo kutya izixhobo umkhosi waseJamani olwaludiliziwe, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni iyindawo.

Kokurhoxa fascists ukusuka eMoscow, kunye nelahleko enkulu kokubini kumadoda kunye nezixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Ngu ekuqaleni kuka January 1942 umgca ngaphambili Undityhale umva ukusuka eMoscow, iikhilomitha ezingama-250 ngaphezu isisongelo lungabanjwa sisusiwe.

Kude kube ngoku ekhubekisayo kufuphi Moscow, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa yi GK Zhukov, safunda zezifundiswa zomkhosi. -Ngqwayi kamva wafumana imbasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow", kwakunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba ezininzi eziqhelekileyo eli dabi. Le mbasa wamiswa isibindi zabo ubuqhawe kumzabalazo inkululeko kwilizwe lawo.

Imbali imbasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow"

Ukuze avuze abavikeli Moscow Juni 29, 1943, kwagqitywa ekubeni kusekwe ingqekembe premium. Lijongene nophuhliso sayo wamiselwa intendant ye-Red Army, Colonel General PI Drachov On imiyalelo yakhe, iqela ubugcisa sele yenziwe, nto leyo eye Julayi 12 wamnika ezimbalwa yoyilo esele zenziwe. July 15, 1943, ezi imizobo zangeniswa ukuze ziqwalaselwe Stalin. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha isigqibo sokugqibela sithathiwe. Noko ke, ngoJanuwari 1944, umsebenzi kwi imbasa umzobo waqalwa. Isigaba sokugqibela sokugqitywa yayo kwamagxa abaculi Moskalev NI no Romanov EM Ekupheleni kuka January I sele ukulungele uyilo lokugqibela imbasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow".

Ulungelelaniso kunye nokuvunywa imbonakalo lokugqibela amabhaso

Emva ndlovu kovavanyo, ezenziwe ngesinyithi ngokrolo lomsesane Sokolov NA, yaqalisa inani lotshintsho kwinkangeleko mabhaso:

• obekulindelekile kwisiqalo yodonga yesicelo ukubeka iqela abavikeli Moscow, kodwa endaweni itanki kunye namajoni ngaphakathi iintonga yayo,
• kwanciphisa ubungakanani lwesakhiwo kwesakhiwo kaRhulumente,
• kwi ikona yasekhohlo wabeka umfanekiso moya ephaphazelayo.

Ngaloo yayifunyenwe lokugqibela imbasa award ibheji "ukuziphendulela eMoscow", ifoto ebonisa ubungangamsha bayo komthendeleko.

Umhla wokuvunywa eli bhaso-1 Meyi 1944.

Ngokutsho memoirs lombhali imbasa artist Moskalev NI, umsebenzi kule mbasa, waqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba myalelo lobunkokheli eli lizwe, ekwindla ka-1941. Ke kwabakho isoyikiso sokwenene umsebenzi kwikomkhulu. Emva koko, lo mzobo yaba sisiseko omnye umqondiso ibhaso - iMbasa Uzuko, nto leyo nayo yaphuhliswa Moskalev.

Kubonakala ngathi imbasa

uphawu Premium iyeyobhedu, imilo ngeenxa enobubanzi-32 mm. Le obverse (ekuthiwa-ubuso phambi naluphi uphawu award) ibonisa yesicelo eludongeni. Emva kuye uphahla angqukuva lwesakhiwo karhulumente yibhanile likhona eSoviet Union. Xa ngaphambili kwinqwanqwa kuyo amaqhawe, Owathi ngemihla yamandulo, wakhulula umzi - Minin kunye Pozharsky. Ezayo - abavikeli neengqukuva isikrweqe itanki. Xa ikona yasekhohlo iinqwelomoya kwagxila phezu othi "ukuziphendulela eMoscow", yaye ngasemva imbasa yanikezelwa ukuze woKhuselo of eMoscow kusenokwenzeka funda "Kuba kwizwekazi looMawokhulu bethu eSoviet".

Ngubani wawongwa ngembasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow"?

Ngokutsho isigqibo karhulumente, ibhaso kufuneka azifumane zonke abavikeli ikomkhulu:

• zomkhosi yonke imikhosi exhobileyo inxaxheba emfazweni kuba eMoscow ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-1 kwinyanga kwixesha ukususela 19.10.41 kwi kunyaka 25.01.42,
• empini omzi kunye mmandla, owakha zokuzithethelela nokulungisa izixhobo zomkhosi, kwakunye abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo iimfazwe ekhubekisayo ukulwa angekho ngaphantsi kwe-1 kwinyanga kweli xesha - ukususela 19.10.41 ngomhla 25.01.42, e
• zomkhosi zamajoni - nxaxheba abakhutheleyo ukuziphendulela eyinkunzi kwixesha ukususela 07.22.41 kwi kunyaka 25.01.42,
• luqalile abo ukulwa kummandla eMoscow.

Ukongeza, le imbeko wanikwa ngamajoni akhululwe emzini Tula.

iinketho kunokwenzeka ukuba imbonakalo imbasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow"

Njengoko yaziwa, eli bhaso yanikwa ngexesha lemfazwe, yaye emva kokugqitywa kwayo. Ipatheni zizonke siyakhuselwa, kodwa wenza utshintsho leyo eyahlukileyo imivuzo zomkhosi nasemva imfazwe embodiments anikwe

• iimbasa ibhanti, leyo yaveliswa ngexesha lemfazwe, kukho soldered kwi siseko, kwaye isiqwenga umaleko-ezimbini, inzima,
• e post-imfazwe indlebe isampulu batyhileka kunye imbasa, ibhloko yaba enye-umaleko, aluminiyam.

Learning facts

Umntu wokuqala wawongwa imbasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow", waba iosif Stalin. Yena yawongwa 7/20/44, waza wafumana inani isiqinisekiso ahambelanayo 000001.

Phambi kokuba January 1, 1995 isimbuku mbasa "Kuba woKhuselo of eMoscow" lifumene kungekho ngaphantsi kwe abantu malunga 1,028,600. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngaphezu kwe amabini amawaka elivisayo zanikwa imbasa "ukuziphendulela eMoscow".

Ukunxiba imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo of eMoscow" kwicala lasekhohlo apha esifubeni (apho intliziyo ibetha, kuba eMoscow - intliziyo kwilizwe yethu). Ukuba kukho ezinye iimbasa, ukuba "ukuziphendulela eMoscow" kufuneka abe ibhaso ilandelayo imbasa "ukuziphendulela Leningrad".

Ngamanye amaxesha ekubhekiselelwe kuyo ibhaso iincwadi zembali ukuziphendulela Moscow, kodwa ebangela amagama ezingachanekanga. UMyalelo kunanini, yaye kwakukho imbasa nje ibhaso "ukuziphendulela eMoscow".