Seabuckthorn: iintyatyambo, ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo, iintlobo ze namadlelo

Ngoko ke abalimi abaninzi abonga kakhulu ukuba bathethe phandle malunga lesi elwandle, ecinga ukuba isityalo inameva kakhulu amaqunube emuncu. Kwanasemva kokuba ukuncothulwa izityalo Emaxhegweni inani elikhulu kumagqabi. Zonke ezi ethile kufuneka zasendle umthi lesi elwandle. Kodwa ke iintlobo mihla isiko ngokuqinisekileyo uya kumkholisa nawuphi umlimi.

A kancinci amasiko ...

umthi sihlahla - yinto isityalo eqhelekileyo kwilizwe lethu. Jer ezinkulu yenkcubeko afumaneka Central Asia neCaucasus, zeAltai yaye aseBalti, kwakunye eMpuma naseNtshona eSiberia. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, sihlahla iziqhamo lisetyenziswa kuqwalaselwa namnandi.

Le sihlahla elwandle njengoko inkcubeko zokuhombisa baqalisa ukwanda kwiminyaka 150 eyadlulayo. iintlobo nokuzalana Industrial inxaxheba kwi-Institute of Horticulture kubo. Lisavenko MA, apho iintlobo ezininzi kakhulu ezithembisayo zifunyenwe. Of umdla ngokukhethekileyo lesi waqala ukubonisa kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo, xa iboniwe iimpawu iluncedo leziqhamo ziye.

In namadlelo sihlahla waqalisa sandile novalo. Kubonakele kummandla enkosi nabasebenzi Botanical Garden of Moscow State University Trofimov TT Okwangoku, amasiko yaba ukusasazeka eningenakukholwa kwi namadlelo. Ukuze zikhule ngempumelelo isityalo kwaye ufumane isivuno, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ezinye iinkalo lesi lokutyala kunye nenkathalo ngenxa yakhe.

ixabiso lesi sihlahla

ethandwa Isiko ngenxa yayo amazing yingenelo. Ukuze ufunde ukuba utyatyambe njani sihlahla, kwazi bambalwa, kodwa kukhangeleka ngathi iziqhamo zalo, kwafika kubo bonke. amaqunube Small eqaqambileyo zineevithamini B, P, B2, E, B, C kunye carotene (provitamin A). Ukongeza, iziqhamo zizityebi yemanganizi, intsimbi, boron, nemagnesium, isalfure, i-aluminiyamu, titanium kunye lesilicon. Ngokwangaphandle, ukuba drupe azinamanzi ngolangazelelo kunye ezimuncu okanye emuncu asidi zizityebi. asidi e iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, Kakade ke, icandelo ezahlukeneyo, esebenzayo isusela ukusuka kwelinye ukuya umyinge okwisine ekhulwini. Kodwa umxholo neswekile phakathi 1.6 - 6.4%. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kuphela iziqhamo inkcubeko afakwa ngemvelo kakhulu kwezinto eziluncedo. Amagqabi sihlahla, umzekelo, zineevithamini ezininzi C kunye A. Njengoko inani iziqhamo ukuvuthwa bawabulala iivithamini namahlamvu e kakhulu lincitshiswe.

Ethetha iimpawu abangabaxhamli inkcubeko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula malunga lesi-oyile, nto leyo kubabetha bonke oli yemifuno eyaziwa kwinani umxholo kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo. Oku ngenkuthalo asetyenziswe ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo, oko olugqibeleleyo, ngokukodwa iingxaki eluswini - ukwenzakala frostbite, ukutsha, radiation.

Xa amayeza inkolo, sihlahla liye lasetyenziswa ukunyanga rheumatism, kunye neengxaki zesisu.

sihlahla Ingaba iyingozi?

Nangona zonke iipropati yalo encedayo, sihlahla kunokuba yingozi kubantu abaphethwe negazi lakho. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isiqhamo iqulethe eninzi asidi, eziyingozi ukuze pancreatitis, cholecystitis kunye ukudumba duodenum.

iimpawu eziphilayo inkcubeko

Seabuckthorn i nipping eyaneleyo branched etyholweni, ofikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 3.5. Namasiko kungaba yinto ekwimo umthi ukuya kwiimitha ezintandathu ukuphakama. Isiqu kwisityalo ogqunywe ixolo omnyama-brown okanye emnyama hina. Kodwa Amagqabi sihlahla sibe uphawu lombala-ezimibala mibini: ezantsi isilivere green ngaphezulu. Xa iimeko zivuma, inkcubeko ngokukhawuleza ingena ukukhula.

Nini kwaye sihlahla njani iintyatyambo?

Nangona kunjalo, iye phawu enye. Kwindalo, kukho izityalo inkunzi nemazi. Kodwa ukwahlula njani phakathi yinkunzi nemazi nolwandle-sihlahla - ukuba ngumbuzo eye unomdla zonke begadi abo injongo ukufumana isivuno. Ukuba indawo u kutyala imithi gay, awukwazi ukufumana iziqhamo zazo. Eyona nto kukuba inkcubeko bungumoya-ezimvumvuzelwa, nangona maxa wambi kukho iintlobo ngeentyatyambo ulala.

Ukuze umfama alime amadoda namabhinqa, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukwahlula njani into eyindoda ethabathela sihlahla ababhinqileyo. Ngelishwa begadi kwi zigaba okuqala ukufumana umahluko phantse ibingakholeleki. Baya laba ephawuleka kusukela ngomzuzu ukubeka yayisel 'ityatyambile. Ngomhla inkunzi ulwandle-sihlahla makhulu kakhulu kunokuba imazi. An into umdla kukuba bafakwa amahlumelo kwiminyaka emibini. Ukuze ufunde ukuba utyatyambe njani sihlahla, bambalwa abantu bazi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ziintyatyambo nenkcubeko kakhulu ukungaqapheleki, ngoko imvelaphi apile esimnandi, yeepesika namaqunube akukho mntu izaziso.

Imithi okwentyatyambo ngoMeyi okanye Epreli. Iintyatyambo kuvela kunye amagqabi. Noko ke, amatyholo namabhinqa, ukuba babe umbala owahlukileyo. Ngomhla female ulwandle-sihlahla ukuba tyheli, kodwa abantu - a ubuhle-mdaka. Beautiful neentyantyambo ngeke igama. Flowers sihlahla bit idibane kwamahlamvu ngoko okuphawuleka kangako.

iziqhamo plant

Emva kweentyatyambo, ibotshelelwe iziqhamo zivuthwe ngo-Agasti okanye ngoSeptemba. drupes limnandi inokuba umbala-orenji okanye obomvu. Iziqhamo lwandle lesi nasekumgangatho omncinci, malunga-ertyisi. Bona ke ezinabantu kakhulu amalungiselelo kwi amasebe, apho isityalo yaziwa ngokuba "sihlahla". Iziqhamo babe incasa elikhethekileyo incasa ekrakra-ubumuncu. Ukuba iyasuswa umthi, iziqhamo nga akuxhome kumasebe onke ubusika.

ukutyala lesi sihlahla

Sihlahla etyalwe yasentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izityalo etyalwe entwasahlobo, bendelisele iingcambu kangangokuba kungcono kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki asongele amathontsi lobushushu ebusika. Kuba izithole njengoko ubushushu kakhulu kwaye umkhuhlane kakubi kakhulu.

Olufanelekileyo ukutyala ulwandle spring sihlahla akuyongqinisekiso yokuba isityalo ngokuqinisekileyo uya kwendelisela iingcambu. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka ichazwe kwangaphambili kunye lophawu, kufuneka lungqanyaniswe nemiqathango kwindawo yakho. Izithole ngcono ukuthenga zokukhulisa ezivavanyiweyo kwaye hayi kwi emarikeni. Ngoko unokuqiniseka ukuba uthenge iintlobo zezityalo ukuba olukhethiweyo.

Kuba sihlahla sihlahla kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indawo ekunene kwi sayithi yakho. Kukhethwa inikwa kwiindawo cwaka kude kwimisebenzi isitiya semifuno esebenzayo. Isizathu kukuba eso sityalo iingcambu Imicu, apho ibekwe zikhabane kumhlaba eliphezulu. Ukuze nokusindisa abantu engozini ayathatyathwa xa kusembiwa kubo ukutyala inkcubeko exabisa kwiindawo cwaka. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba seabuckthorn uthanda iindawo ukukhanya unshaded.

Nokuba kokuwa balungiselelwe isayithi lokulima. Ukuze benze oku, umhlaba kufuneka bongeze wamatye esanti etyhutyha ngokulinganayo, yaye akuyi kuphazamisana yongezelela phosphorus-potassium. Umgama phakathi kwemithi kufuneka ube ziimitha ubuncinane eziliqela. Ukuba uceba ukufumana isivuno, kufuneka watyala izityalo ubuncinane 3-4. Five izityalo ababhinqileyo ngokwaneleyo omnye eyindoda.

Inkqubo lokutyala umthi okanye ityholwana na yokuntsonkotha ezahlukeneyo. umngxuma okulungiselelweyo 70 * 70 * 70 cm, emazantsi ofuna ukwenza udonga lokungqinga, obegalelwe kumathambeka yolula iingcambu zabo. Ngoko ke ambelwe izaliswe umhlaba ngasentla kancinane ingcambu khola. Ehlabathini izithole ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ukuba yenze umngxuma, wamgalela ngayo. emele ezimbini yamanzi iya kuba yanele ukunkcenkceshela.

amasiko Care

Inkcazelo sihlahla abuyonto ukuba abayakuthetha amagama ambalwa malunga kufuneka banakekela kuye. izithole kufuneka ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo, kuba inkcubeko libhekisela ubumanzi-onothando. Xa isityalo siya kufumana ngakumbi, ngoko ke nezihlandlo ukunkcenkceshelwa na lincitshiswe. begadi abanamava bayacetyiswa ukuba aluse isangqa pristovolny iingcambu shnuropopodobnoy ngenxa. Kodwa emva kokuba avele sihlahla atyatyambe iziqhamo, isityalo amandla izimbiwa kunye nezichumiso organic. Oku kwenziwa kanye kuphela iminyaka emithathu.

care of kwezityalo kwakhona kubandakanya ukususwa ukhula. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngobunono ukwenzela ukuba umonakalo inkqubo ingcambu. Formation lwayo kunye nokuthenwa kufuneka yenziwe entwasahlobo de kulithatha. Eqhubela phambili sihlahla kuyo nayiphi na imeko, akunakubakho ukumenzakalisa. Emva kokuba afike kwiminyaka 8 zesityalo kufuneka kunqunyulwa rhoqo ngeenjongo lobomi. Ukuze wenze oku, susa amahlumelo ubudala, kwaye ushiye leminyaka emithathu. Ukongeza, kufanele podmerzshie ngokuqinisekileyo ecocekileyo kunye neenxalenye enesifo yamasebe.

Musa ukulibala malunga ukunkcenkceshela imithi abaqolileyo. Maxa wambi nkqu ngamaxesha ezomileyo izityalo ezomeleleyo ukuze yome okanye lingaphumeleli lokuvuna.

Indlela ukukhetha webakala ledlelo?

Ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima breeder izityalo ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba pick up ngeentlobo ukuze zikhule phantse naluphi na ummandla weli lizwe. Isityalo uvelisa kakuhle isiqhamo iimeko zemozulu of Central Russia, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uyakwazi ukukhetha kwibakala lasekunene lesi elwandle nedlelo. Ukuze uqonde into uhlobo ukunika phambili imfuneko ukwazi ukuba yintoni na iparameters ebalulekileyo kuwe: imveliso, ixesha nokwanda, incasa, winterhardiness, ubungakanani iziqhamo, iqondo ukuzikisa ingqondo amafutha, isiqulatho kwezondlo, ukunqongophala ameva prickles.

begadi abanamava Siyaleza banikele ingqalelo kule mbono zilandelayo kumabanga eMoscow:

1. Lomonosov. Lo mthi ubungakanani medium kunye embalwa kwameva. iziqhamo Red-orenji evuthelweyo kwaye sweet-ezimuncu incasa.
2. Elimnandi. isityalo Srednerosloe nge isivuno esihle kakhulu. Ipete isithelo livumba esasenza yi.
3. engahlawulwayo Botanical. umthi Srednerosloe kunye nezivuno aphezulu kunye amaqunube ezinkulu-orenji.
4. Botanical elimnandi. umthi Srednerosloe iziqhamo-orenji-red unako ukundinikela ukuya kwi-14 kg yesityalo.
5. Excellent. Early ivuthwa iindidi imveliso ophezulu.

buphindwe sihlahla

Sihlahla landiswa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo: yi imbewu, izithole namahlumela. indlela Seed ingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo, kuba kungatya ixesha elide, kwaye izityalo iziphumo abayi kubudla ilifa iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo umthi lomzali.

Kodwa xa ukuzala Namagatya izithole abe neempawu ezifanayo njengoko isityalo umzali. Begadi ukuba sihlahla egadini, ngeyona ndlela elula yokufumana indlela izithole yi strains. Spring yesebe, sise umhlaba owambathiswe kunye nomhlaba. Ngokuthe ngcembe prikopalis Amahlumelo izanyazanyiswa ema nzini. komnyaka, ukuba umbe, wonqanyulwa, angabikho isityalo engundoqo nesityalo kwindawo entsha.

Ukanti iikopi iphezulu umgangatho ekutyaleni ziveliswa akayicingi. Ukuze wenze oku, uyinqunqe ibe amasebe, inkqubo kubo "Kornevinom", emva koko wathi dropwise kwi zeendawana ezimanzi phakathi ehlotyeni. Top inshorensi kunye nomthi osandul 'ukutyalwa iikomityi ezilahlwayo ukufumana i mini-Teplička. Izithole kufuneka rhoqo amanzi kwaye ngenisa umoya. Emva kweeveki ezisibhozo, nokuzimela ngaphezu kwazo asuswe kunye nokhathalelo phambili de entlakohlaza. Xa kuqala kuleyo ubushushu etyelwe kwindawo esisigxina.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba lesi - isityalo ulala, ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo kwindawo omnye ikhule inkunzi kunye nezityalo nemazi, kungenjalo akusayi kuze ukulinda lokuvuna.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, oblipihu agonywe. Kwi emthini inye ukumiliselwa amasebe kwamadoda kunye neentlobo ababhinqileyo. Le kufunyenwe esi sityalo - licebo ezilingayo, kodwa azisoloko kunokwenzeka ebomini. Sihlume Pagon akusoloko zona kakuhle ngokuthe ngcembe ungoma, ikhula. Kodwa kubalulekile saqala.

ukuvunwa

Hlanganisela isivuno esikhulu lesi - akukho lula. umsebenzi ezidla Ixesha-uza kufuna ukuba sichithe imali eyaneleyo ixesha. iintlobo ezininzi amaqunube babe Njengokungeniswa kwesithungu elifutshane kakhulu, ngoko khetha iziqhamo akuyondlwan 'iyanetha. Ukongeza, kufuneka ukusebenza ngononophelo, kuba perespevshie amaqunube ngokukhawuleza kwidayrektri. Musa ukulibala malunga ngameva abukhali ukuba buhlungu izandla zakho.

Ezinye begadi bacebisa lula, nangokukrola imithi kwisithathu amasebe kunye lokuvuna. Kwindawo yokuqala, ngoko ukukha amaqunube lula kamva kakhulu yaye ngokukhawuleza, kwaye okwesibini, amasebe kunokugcinwa ixesha elide kwigumbi ngeziqhamo. Akukho mfuneko Ungakhathazeki malunga cut Pagon. Endaweni yazo uya kuvuka entsha yokukhula entwasahlobo, nto leyo iya kuvuthwa iziqhamo kwiminyaka emibini. Umthi awehlelwa kuyo, kuba zonke zingekantshuli uya kuqhubeka kuvelisa uwashiye amasebe ubudala.

Diseases, nto leyo ubethwa kwinkcubeko

Kuqala wacinga ukuba lesi baboniswa ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezifo. Nangona kunjalo, kokukhona yaba eqhelekileyo emiyezweni bethu, banda ndaphawula ukuba inkcubeko ubethwa bonke ububi ukuba eminye imithi yomyezo: wentsholongwane egazini, imingxunya amagciwane.

Eyona sihlahla iqhelekileyo kuchaphazela izifo ezifana:

1. Endomikoz - isifo ezinzwaneni elivela ekuqaleni kuka Agasti ngenxa iziqhamo, kunye result babe flabby kwaye uzaliswe yencindi gray. yaphulwe Ingqibelelo berry, baya kuthetha kulwelo ukuba laqhenqetha endomikoz on. Unyango kwesifo iphathwa (isigaba-anesibini) lomthi kulwelo i Bordeaux (1%). Ixesha lokuqala isityalo iphathwa ngoko nangoko emva lokuntshula, kwaye eyesibini - phakathi kuJulayi.
2. umhlaza Black. Isifo esizibonakalisa ngohlobo amabala amnyama amasebe amakhulu. Kwiindawo ezinjalo, lo uqweqwe siba mnyama kwaye iwe ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye kubola. Njengoko amanyathelo zonyango nezifo ezifana isuswe ezonakeleyo zizifo iinkuni amaxolo, ebezikuyo izilayi fresh iphathwa kunye nomxube sulfate yobhedu mullein nodongwe.
3. Blackleg ibangwa zomngundo zomhlaba. Oku kuchaphazela kuphela izithole. Ukuze siphephe, kufuneka waziseza izityalo abaselula kunye nesisombululo potassium permanganate.
4. Ukujaduka kuthe okubangelwa nomngundo kwaye luchaphazela iziqhamo, amagqabi kunye namasebe abatsha, nto leyo ekhokelela nje kuphela ukomisa isebe, kodwa umthi wonke. Ukuba ukhe wayibona embindini ihlobo phezu amaqunube amabala shiny amnyama, oko injaduko. Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo isifo phezu amasebe abaselula. Ukuze siphephe ngonyaka kufuneka aveze ukuthenwa sanitary umthi ekwindla, inkunkuma evuthayo. Ukongeza, kwiintsuku ezingama-20 phambi kokuvuna kufuneka akhutshwe ulwelo sihlahla Bordeaux (1%).
5. Brown nokuvunda gray, ngokuqhelekileyo esizibonakalisa ngoJulayi ngexesha lemvula. ngumngundo Gray kubangela amaqunube imibimbi kuphakamisa yimbonakalo amabala ezimnyama emdaka iziqhamo. Izityalo engenwe Kunconywa ukuba uyagawulwa, niyitshise ngomlilo.

zezinambuzane lesi sihlahla

Le izinambuzane kakhulu eyingozi kuba umthi:

1. Mol Sandthorn. Imibungu ukungena zibe zinamaqhina mbile ubatshabalalise, bangabikho phakathi. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokujongana njengenundu aphethe inkcubeko karbofosom.
2. fly Sandthorn unako ukutshabalalisa sonke isivuno. Izinambuzane kuvela phakathi ku-Juni. ezinjengeempukane zeziqhamo ezidla kuchaphazela ngaphakathi. Njengenyathelo lokuthintela sincoma ngokuphatha iinkuni ngoJulayi hlorofosom.
3. intwala Sandthorn utya amagqabi incindi bamasebe abaselula. Izinambuzane ezilalisa ngasemva kwipleyiti sheet, iyenza ilenze aze ajike yellow. begadi abaninzi ekulweni iintwala basebenzisa iindlela ezindala zemveli, infusions umthi processing of icuba okanye nga riki udiliza. Ukuba ezi ndlela olungasebenziyo, ungasebenzisa karbofosom.
4. gazi sihlahla - izinambuzane encinane kakhulu ukuba yadika incindi evela amagqabi, ibangele ukuba iwe. Njengoko iindlela amangolwane ukulawula Ungasebenzisa izisombululo efanayo njengoko yokulwa iintwala.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Ukulinywa ye sihlahla akukho nzima eyahlukileyo ukwenza imithetho ezininzi osisiseko, unako ukufumana isivuno esihle amaqunube aku- luncedo. Kambe ke kuyimfuneko ukuba aye ngobuchule ukhetho iindidi ezifanelekileyo zommandla wakho. begadi abanamava Sicebisa ukupha predpochenie nzalo regionalized. Ukufunyanwa izithole elungileyo ngundoqo ukulinywa ngempumelelo inkcubeko.