Amaqhawe War of 1812 (uluhlu)

Imfazwe - yona nto eyoyikekayo kakhulu, nkqu ilizwi ngayo imibutho ezininzi ezimbi.

War of 1812

The War of 1812 kwenzeka phakathi eRashiya ne yaseFransi ukutyeshelwa omabini amaqela asayina isivumelwano uxolo Tilsit. Nokuba wahlala ixesha elide kakhulu, phantse zonke ukulwa anegazi kakhulu kwaye ochithayo omabini amacala. Ukulungelelaniswa yokuqala imikhosi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: angamakhulu amathandathu amawaka amajoni evela eFransi ezingamakhulu amabini anamashumi amane amawaka - Russia. Isiphumo imfazwe kwabonakala ukususela ekuqaleni. Kodwa abo babekholelwa ukuba uBukhosi Russian ilahlekileyo, ngokunzulu bayaphazama. December 25, 1812, uMlawuli Alexander Ndakubhala isibheno kubemi, eyachaza kwisigqibo noloyiso imfazwe.

Heroes of yore

Amaqhawe War ka-1812, khangela phantsi kuthi ukususela kumaphepha iincwadi zembali. Umntu ukuba athathe - portraits nkulu ngokupheleleyo, yaye yintoni ebangela kwabo? Kuba babesima bamakhazikhazi kunye iiyunifomu ezimangalisayo? Zive ukhululekile ukuba bathe baya emfazweni besilwa neentshaba iLizwe loobawo - a feat ngokwenene. Xa imfazwe nxamnye imikhosi uNapoleon ngowe-1812 alwa wafa Amaqhawe ezininzi kangaka akandifanele kunye emangalisayo abaselula. Amagama abo iziqu unanamhla. Makhe le Amaqhawe War of 1812 - oku ubuso kwabo gxebe, ungamconganga owakhe nto ngenxa yokuba sakhane. Thatha uxanduva lomyalelo kunye nolawulo, kwakunye namathamsanqa, okanye, phezu koko, ngokoyiswa empini kwaye ekugqibeleni kukuphumelela imfazwe - oko kukuthi impumelelo uphakamileyo. Eli nqaku lichaza nxaxheba idumileyo 1812 imfazwe iminyaka, izenzo zabo ngempumelelo.

Ngoko ke ngubani na - amaqhawe kweMfazwe ka-1812? Photo eni ubuntu eziziingangamsha, thaca ngezantsi, uya kukunceda ugcwalise izikhewu ulwazi kwimbali zomthonyama.

M. I. Kutuzov (1745-1813)

Xa heroes wakhankanya War of 1812, ngoko ke kuqala engqondweni, Kakade ke, uza Kutuzov. Njengokhozo edume Suvorov, a abanetalente yasemkhosini inkokeli, zephephandaba kunye tactician. Wazalwa Golenischev-Kutuzov (igama lokwenyani), unyana ka wabanumzana wesizwe, iingcambu zazo ayekhona abathetheli Novgorod. Uyise uMichael injineli yasemkhosini, nguye lowo nolwaluphenjelelwe phezu ukhetho elizayo lwekhondo nonyana. Nokuba ndisemncinane Kutuzov waba impilo enamandla, ingqondo benelungelo nokuphathwa unembeko. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - kodwa nangoku italente yakhe engenakuphikwa kwimicimbi zomkhosi, apho wabhiyozela utitshala. Yena Wabufunda, Kakade ke, kukho icala yasemkhosini. Waphumelela zokudubula and Engineering School iimbeko. Kangangexesha elide naye wafundisa mater yakhe Alma.

Kodwa ngegalelo lakhe uloyiso Count, wakhe kuphole soBekekileyo Prince Kutuzov ngexesha imfazwe yayisele esemncinane phambili. Wonyulwa ingqwayi-ST Petersburg waza eMoscow athathwe kuqala. Ukuba ungowommandla ingcamango ukuba ndinithumele eMoscow, ngaloo ndlela benza gambit emdlalweni wechess. Uninzi iinjengele inxaxheba emfazweni, zaye phantse bakhuliswa Kutuzov kunye nelizwi lakhe nangokuthatha Fili. elo imfazwe ubukhulu becala ngenxa ngobuqili bakhe kunye nokuziqonda namaqhinga okulwa. Kuba ezi zinto benze ezazinikwe, egameni ukumkani elikwinqanaba Marshal waza waba umthetheli ESmolensk. Wahlala ke inkokheli omkhulu wamajoni emva uloyiso zange kube kudala, kuphela unyaka. Kodwa ke ukuba eRashiya Anindithobelanga kule mfazwe - ngokupheleleyo emagqabini oyi M. I. Kutuzova. Uhide uluhlu "impi Amaqhawe Abantu ka-1812" indawo efanelekileyo ngakumbi onokuqala naloo ndoda.

DP Neverovsky (1771 - 1813)

SasePoland, kodwa hayi ngenxa yokuba uhlobo oluthile, waqalisa ukukhonza njenge yabucala Neverovsky bake butho. Ekuqaleni 1812 yena waye eyintloko Pavlovsky webutho of grenadiers. Lowo wathunyelwa ukukhusela ESmolensk, apho wadibana notshaba. Murat ngokwakhe, ngubani wabubhekisa isiFrentshi kufuphi ESmolensk, wabhala memoirs bakhe ukuba baphinde babonwe kuzinikezela. Le migca nikela ku D. P. Neverovskomu. Ilindele ukusekelwa, nguDmitry Petrovich wenza lenguqu ukuya ESmolensk, leyo imbeko kuye. Ke bathatha inxaxheba Idabi Borodino, kodwa ebesifa.

Ngowe-1812 wafumana isikhundla uLieutenant jikelele. Kwanasemva kokuba inxeba akayekanga ukuzanga ukulwa kwisahlulo sakhe kule mpi bahlupheka ilahleko enkulu. Kuphela akukho ngqiqweni ukusuka umyalelo, kodwa ke ukusungulwa nokuzinikela kwizikhundla zinzima. Njengeqhawe, Neverovsky wabulawa amanxeba yakhe Halle. Kamva kungcwatywa ku entsimini Borodino, njengamaqhawe ezininzi War Patriotic ka-1812.

MB Barclay de Tolly (1761 - 1818)

Eli gama ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II kudala yanxulunyaniswa wabugwala, ewolo nokuchithakala. Kwaye baqamba kakhulu.

Le hero of War Patriotic ka-1812 evela intsapho endala Scottish, kodwa abazali bakhe esemncinane kwathunyelwa inkwenkwe ukufunda eRashiya, wahlala ke apho bakhonza umalume wakhe. Yaba nguye lowo ngeendlela ezininzi kwamnceda lo mfana bafumane imfundo yasemkhosini. UMikhail Bogdanovich ngokwakho unyuselwe uluhlu kwigosa xa sele elinesithandathu. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe kunye uNapoleon, wamiselwa injengele yomkhosi lokuqala Koloni.

ubuntu eyonwabisayo yaba ngqwayi. Completely nabalulamileyo, yena ukulala emoyeni evulekileyo, waza wasoloko kunye namajoni eziqhelekileyo, isibheno yayilula kakhulu. Kodwa yena wahlala ngamandla nomlinganiswa kunye, mhlawumbi, imvelaphi bonke kubanda. Ukongeza, umkhosi ndandilumkile kakhulu, ngoko ichaza izenzo zakhe ezininzi iqhele. Kodwa kwakuyimfuneko: mindlessly esonakala ubomi babantu, yaye akazange afune, njengoko ebona, amalungelo enjalo na.

Uye usesikhundleni nguMphathiswa kweMfazwe, nabo bonke "amaqhuma" kwi iintsilelo zomkhosi bawa phezu kwakhe. Bagration e memoirs zakhe ukuze abhale athi ngexesha kwedabi Borodino, uMikhail Bogdanovich ngokungathi uzama kufa.

Ngelo xesha, akukho ngaphantsi, ingcamango iyindawo ukusuka eMoscow kuya kuvela kuye, uya kuxhasa Kutuzov efanayo. Ke, ukuba kwakungekho, Barclay de Tolly wayenyanisile. I Ngabanye inxaxheba iimfazwe ezininzi, ebonakalalisa ngazo umzekelo amajoni indlela ukulwela ilizwe labo. UMikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly wayengunyana wokwenene Russia. Gallery Amaqhawe imfazwe ngo-1812 kungekho sizathu esongezelelwe elo gama.

I. F. Paskevich (1782-1856)

Unyana abanini esisityebi kunene, abahlali Poltava. Zonke ezinye enye umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa wabona yena njengomntwana kuphela nje mkhosi, indlela kwenzeka. Wangqineka kakuhle kwiimfazwe kunye yamaPersi Turkey, ukulungele ukuba imfazwe ne-France. Kutuzov kwaba kanye thaca phambi kokumkani njengoko jikelele wakhe zezona ngcali zinetalente abaselula.

Yena inxaxheba kumkhosi Bagration, kuyo yonke indawo, naphi na apho walwa, wakwenza oko ngenxa yesazela, singapheli ngokwakhe okanye utshaba. Wazibonakalisa kwi ESmolensk kunye Borodino edabini. Waye kamva wawongwa Order of St. Vladimir bolwesibini udidi. Uthiywe St. Vladimir becala yanikezelwa Amaqhawe War of 1812.

P. I. Bagration (1765-1812)

Le hero of War Patriotic ka-1812 evela bendlu kakumkani yamandulo Georgian, ebutsheni bakhe wakhonza webutho musketeer. Kwaye nkqu inxaxheba iimfazwe imfazwe Russian-Turkish. Wafunda ubuchule bokulwa yokuba kakhulu Suvorov, ngokuba nenkalipho kwabo, engaziva enyanzelekile ukuba kakhulu omthandayo ngqwayi.

Ngexesha imfazwe isiFrentshi, ikhokelwa yi-Western Army yesibini. Kwakhona watyelela kokurhoxa kufuphi ESmolensk. Ngelo xesha ndiya wayechasa kakhulu ukuba siphumele ngaphandle umlo. Yena inxaxheba Borodino. Ngelo xesha, eli dabi yayikukuba kuPetros Ivanovich obulalayo. Yena uhlatywe kakhulu, naphambi abalwe bangamaqhawe kwaye kabini-bumba kunye amajoni utshaba kwizikhundla zabo. Isilonda esinzulu gqitha, watshintshelwa ekwilifa umhlobo, apho wafela khona nesantya. iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe isidumbu sakhe zabuyiselwa entsimini Borodino, angcwabe imbeko kweli lizwe, kuba yena akazange azisole nto.

A. P. Ermolov (1777-1861)

Le jikelele ngelo xesha eyaziwayo ngokoqobo bonke ngenxa yempumelelo yayo yonke Russia elandelayo, yaye baba neqhayiya. nesibindi kakhulu, womelele-unothanda, abanetalente. Yena uye wabandakanyeka akukho namnye, kodwa abaninzi abanokufana ezintathu iimfazwe nxamnye amajoni uNapoleon kaThixo. Kutuzov waqonda kakhulu lo mntu.

Waba ngumququzeleli wawalwela ESmolensk, bamxelela ukumkani ngokobuqu ngazo zonke iinkcukacha edabini, kunokuba ukuzenza kokurhoxa, kodwa wayesazi konke ukuswela kwakhe. Waze wazama ukubalelana iinjengele ephikisanayo Barclay de Tolly kunye Bagration. Kodwa ilize; baya ukuxabana ekufeni.

Kakhulu ngokucacileyo emfazweni wazibonakalisa kwi Idabi Maloyaroslavtseva. UBawo akandishiyanga uNapoleon kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele endleleni ESmolensk sele bahlukunyezwe.

Nangona ubudlelwane kunye umyalelo yohlobo neqhayiya zemfazwe ekugqibeleni waya engalunganga, kodwa ukubaluleka izenzo zakhe nesibindi emfazweni, akukho mntu ubenobuganga azijongele. Jikelele Yermolov wathabatha kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo kuluhlu, edwelisa iinjengele - amaqhawe kweMfazwe ka-1812.

D. S. Dohturov (1756-1816)

Enye hero of the War of 1812. jikelele Future wazalwa kwintsapho apho imbeko kakhulu izithethe emkhosini. Zonke izalamane zakhe kumgca ezingamakhwenkwe zomkhosi, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba akhethe ubomi. Yaye eneneni, kule nkalo ke kuphela luck kwakuhambisana. I yokuqala Grand uKumkanikazi uCatherine wamnika nekrele ngenxa yegalelo lakhe ngexesha lemfazwe Russian-Swedish kunye nombhalo ngamatshamba. "Ukuze yobuGorha"

Walwa e Austerlitz, apho, kwakhona, wabonisa ukhaliphe kunye nesibindi: waphuka kunye nomkhosi wakhe phesheya bume. isibindi Personal akazange ukumsindisa ukwenzakala ngexesha 1805 imfazwe, kodwa inxeba zange ayeke loo mntu yaye akuzange kumthintele ukuba zijoyine umkhosi Russian ngexesha leMfazwe ka-1812.

Kufutshane ESmolensk, yena kakhulu ogula abandayo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukususa kwi kwemisebenzi. Ukuze ngamnye ijoni nguDmitry siphathwe ngenkathalo enkulu kunye nenkxalabo, wakwazi ukubuyisela ucwangco phakathi angaphantsi kwakhe. Nantso into ESmolensk kunye wabonisa.

uzinikele iMoscow wanikwa kuye nzima kakhulu, kuba jikelele yaba ngokuthanda uhlanga. Kwaye nkqu ngesandla zomhlaba ukunika utshaba, akazange afune ukuba. Kodwa ngenxa yakhe ndonakalelwa zezi ukuqina, lo gama kuthathelwa lokuzabalazela ngenxa yelizwe lawo. Wazibonakalisa hero wokwenene kufuphi Maloyaroslavets, ukulwa ecaleni ngamatutu General Yermolov. Emva omnye amadabi Kutuzov wadibana Dokhturov mazwi: "Makhe indixhase kuwe, iqhawe!"

N. N. Raevsky (1771 - 1813)

SasePoland, indoda emkhosini ilifa, inkokeli abanetalente wamajoni, Jikelele-Calvary. Career kwaye yaphuhliswa le ndoda ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba phakathi ubomi bakhe, ukulungele umhlala, kodwa abakwazanga. Intsongelo ukusuka kwisiFrentshi mkhulu kakhulu, iinjengele abaneziphiwo ukuhlala ekhaya.

Kunyanzela UNikolai Nikolaevich waba imbeko yokubamba umkhosi wotshaba, ngoxa amanye amalungu uxhulumeneyo. Wayesilwa Saltanovka, iindawo nto wona, kodwa wayedlala ixesha. Walwa e ESmolensk, Borodino. Kaloku imfazwe yokugqibela apho icala layo kuvuthelwa engundoqo wawa, yena amajoni akhe ngesibindi igcinwe.

Kamva ke uya kuba isenzo kakhulu ngempumelelo Tarutino kunye Maloyaroslavets. Kuba apho wamkela Order of St. George ngomlinganiselo wesithathu. Ngelishwa, wagula and embi kakhulu nesantya, kangangokuba bade ekugqibeleni kufuneka ukunikezela imicimbi emkhosini.

PA Tuchkov (1769 - 1858)

Malunga kwakhe okukhulu kwaziwa. Ndaphuma ababekwe emkhosini bakhonza ixesha elide phantsi umyalelo kayise. Ukususela 1800 wakhonza elikwisikhundla jikelele enkulu.

Bawuphikisa lwelwa idolophana Valutina Mountain, ngoko mathupha ngokuyalelwa uncwelwe kufuphi nomlambo. Zive ukhululekile ukuya edabini nxamnye umkhosi French kaMarshal ney, Kanti yena uhlatywe yafunqulwa banjwa. Yayichazwa ku kukaNapoleon nje jikelele Russian, kwaye umlawuli, ababemhlonela nenkalipho yendoda, yayalela ukuba abuyele ikrele. Ukuphela kwemfazwe, i noloyiso iRashiya, wadibana, ngelishwa, umbanjwa, kodwa wakhululwa ngowe-1814 yaye waqhubeka ukusebenzela okulungileyo iLizwe loobawo.

A. A. Skalon (1767 - 1812)

Le hero of the War ka-1812, wayevela kwintsapho endala French, kodwa ookhokho bakhe kudala bafudukela eRashiya, kunye nezinye looBawo wayengazi. Kangangexesha elide wakhonza kwi yoTshintsho, uze emva koko kwi-bake webutho.

Skalon nxamnye France waqalisa amanyathelo emkhosini kuphela ngo-1812, xa iinjengele zaye kunqaba, ndikubhadulise nanamhla umlawuli, esazi ngayo iingcambu zakhe ziya zisuswe Anton Antonovich ngoncedo emfazweni neFransi. Yena inxaxheba Idabi ESmolensk, nanamhla Major-Jikelele yaba wokugqibela. Yena wabulawa, umzimba Skalon wawa elutshabeni, kodwa iimbeko zomkhosi wangcwatywa ngokuyalelwa uNapoleon.

amaqhawe real

Kakade ke, oku akuthethi zonke Amaqhawe War of 1812. Uluhlu nice kunye nabantu endilisekileyo iza kuqhubeka ngonaphakade. Kwaye malunga uqulukubhode ukuba onokumxelela okuninzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akukho sizisole ngayo nayiphi na amandla akhe okanye impilo, kwaye abantu abaninzi ngenxa kowona msebenzi - ukuze aphumelele emfazweni. Kunjalo emangalisayo - ukuqonda ukuba xa into Amaqhawe yokwenene kakhulu kungekhona amaphepha encwadi waza wenza izenzo onyanisekileyo kuphela ngenxa iLizwe loobawo yachuma. Yaye akumangalisi ukuba kwilizwe lonke na ezikhumbuzo amaqhawe kweMfazwe ka-1812. abantu abanjalo kufuneka imbeko kwaye ukhumbule, kufuneka siphile ukutyhubela iminyaka. Imbeko nozuko!