"Intsimi Borodino" - uRhulumente Borodino War and History Museum and Reserve

Borodino endle - ayikho nje inxalenye mmandla, kodwa kukukhumbuza zonke uzuko zomkhosi wamajoni Russian ngubani ilwelwe kwilizwe lawo, hayi nje kuphela kweli XIX, kodwa kwinkulungwane XX. Oko imele kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokuba uloyiso yabemi abazalwana bethu? Borodino endle, ifoto apho nje awukwazi ukuveza zonke ubukhulu kule ndawo yezembali, ubuncinane kanye ebomini babo kufuneka atyelele rhoqo Russian.

Overview

Abantu abatsha abaninzi babekuthanda imbali obuzukileyo kwilizwe lethu, uyazi intsimi Borodino. Iphi na indawo edabini ngaphambili umkhosi eliGorha French of kukaNapoleon imikhosi Russian, kwaziwa basemzini abaninzi. Oku kungenxa ukubaluleka kakhulu kule mfazwe kwegazi ezenzeka kwiMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812 Kungenxa ngeendlela ezininzi itshintshe imbali, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa uBukhosi Russian; kodwa eYurophu.

Borodino intsimi kwintsimi ngasentshonalanga inkulu nendawo ye Mozhaisk. Le ukwakweli yendawo zokuhlala zasemaphandleni. Yena igama efanelekileyo - Borodino. Le yokuhlala inxulumene kwisithili Mozhaisk of kummandla eMoscow. Kuye kwakhiwa kufuphi kwilali Borodino. Olwalumiselwe le ndawo ukuba abe isikhumbuzo uzuko womoya ongenakoyiswa amajoni Russian.

Museum-Reserve, yaye ubizwa - "intsimi Borodino", i sisikhumbuzo ezimbini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. On iyaziwa kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke. Kucingwa imyuziyam omdala wadala kwi edabini. Lo mmandla reserve yi-110 macala onke. km. Kuyinto ngaphezulu kwama-200 zezikhumbuzo, iiobelisk ezikhumbuzo. Ezinye eyona idumileyo - izithuba umyalelo we kukaNapoleon M. I. Kutuzova, isikhumbuzo, ezikhumbuzo ukuze iindawo zokuhlala amajoni Russian.

Imbali ezukileyo amabutho Russian

Ngomhla kwintsimi yokuhlala mihla ngomhla wama-26 Agasti (isimbo esitsha-7 Septemba) ka-1812 kwabakho ukulwa enkulu entsingiselo phakathi umkhosi French ka kukaNapoleon namabutho Russian. Kodwa asinguye kuphela lo Idabi Borodino na ikratshi kubahlali balapha. Ngowe-1941-1942. kule ndawo umgca ezilungileyo ukukhusela eMoscow.

Imephu Borodino endle igcwele ezahlukeneyo imiqondiso Ekumiseleni ezo okanye kwezinye iindawo ekhumbulekayo. Iziganeko emfazweni French-Russian zenzeka phakathi kwendlela endala ESmolensk. izakhiwo ezinjalo ebalulekileyo yomkhosi zazimi phezu kwintsimi:

• Bagration (bake) ukufikelwa;

• redoubt Shevardino;

• Ibhetri Rajewski.

Iziphumo kwempi

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, i data kwi kwidabi Borodino abangama-120 lamawaka amajoni Russian kunye 135.000 isiFrentshi. I amaRashiya waba 624 imipu, lo gama iqela zabo - 587. Le edabini kunye lokufakwa kwilali French ka Borodino, apho ngaphambi kokuba eRashiya amajoni. Iziganeko emfazweni yaqala ngo 5:00 kusasa, ephangweni ekhohlo umkhosi Russian. Kweli nqanaba, kumwonyo ibekwe ukufikelwa Semenovski Bagration. Kukho iiyure ezininzi izimpi. Egungxula amaxesha amaninzi udlule isandla ngesandla iqela. Umhlaba sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo ngezidumbu zabantu kunye namahashe. Kule mfazwe, ndingumthetheli 2 yomkhosi Western P. I. Bagration waye ngxwelerha. Emva koko, isiFrentshi akwazi ukufaka ukufikelwa.

Idabi efanayo ndikhohlakele kwaba ibhetri Rajewski, eyayise embindini sikhundla Russian. Ngexesha ekulweni anegazi owabulala amawaka amajoni kumacala omabini, amajoni Russian abonisa intando yabo inkululeko ukuze aphumelele. Nangona i-French baba nako ukufaka kwikhompyutha sekomelezeni baseRashiya embindini ephangweni yasekhohlo kunye, uNapoleon ndothuke ukusuka uzimisele enjalo ukulwa ekufeni kunye utshaba lihambe liye kwizikhundla zabo yokuqala.

I-Battle of Borodino ithathwa lalawo kwimbali amadabi yosuku olunye. Sandibulala 45 amawaka Russian kunye waseFrance 40 amawaka. Ngelo xesha linye omabini balahlekelwa amajoni kuphela kodwa amagosa. Kule mpi wabulala 23 Russian 49 iinjengele French, leyo buthathaka kakhulu umkhosi eliGorha phambi uNapoleon.

Ixabiso Battle of Borodino

I-Battle of Borodino - ngelinye lalawo kwimbali yomkhosi Russian. Waye ngokuchanileyo kakhulu echazwe ezintsha Leo Tolstoy "Imfazwe Noxolo". Isiphumo soku dabi ukubaleka uNapoleon kaThixo. Wayishiya nje kuphela Moscow zifakiwe kodwa walahlekelwa umkhosi wakhe amawaka amaninzi kunye neFransi.

Kumila myuziyam

Ngowe-1837, Russian uMlawuli Nicholas ndimzuzile egameni lonyana wakhe Alexander isabelo welifa kwilali Borodino. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekulondolozeni inkumbulo zamagorha omkhosi Russian yaba ukuvulwa ka-Agasti 26, 1839 lesikhumbuzo ukuze amajoni Russian, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi ibhetri Rajewski kunye nokungcwatywa eluthuthwini Bagrationa P. I. kwixesha elizayo kule ndawo lolondolozo yasekwa, elingcwele, omnye amadabi mkhulu kwimbali Russian Empire. ifildi ukuhlolwa jikelele ingaveliselwa kunye Barrow ophezulu, nto leyo ifumaneka ngaphandle iZilayidi elalini. Kuyo ngemini yemfazwe yaba noko isithuba M. I. Kutuzova. Ngokutsho ilivo endala, ekuqaleni Idabi Ye-e-Chief Flying Eagle, yena kwangaphambili uloyiso Russian. Oku le nyoni pooping phezu obelisk, kule udonga.

Ngowe-1912, unyaka we-100 edabini kwi lesikhumbuzo edabini yasekwa 33 ezahlukeneyo iyantlukwano, regiments, amapolisa, iinkampani zabo neebhetri. Bonke bephela emimangweni ezahlukeneyo ngokobukhulu, ngasechwebeni kwimisinga kwamathambeka nemiwonyo. Uninzi zesikhumbuzo yakhiwa yeminikelo amagosa kunye namajoni ukukhonza emkhosini, ilifa isihloko walwa kwiiyunithi Borodino.

ezikhumbuzo Borodino

Abathengi Borodino emasimini banethuba ukubona zesikhumbuzo entle kwakhona 50, zombini ngqwayi ezibalaseleyo kunye namajoni elula Russian. Bonke bephela kuyanyanzeleka ukuba ube nebhongo wookhokho bethu, kukufaka wothand'uhlanga ekubeni zonke zabantu. Eyona engundoqo amangcwaba yasendle Borodino:

• Obelisk Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzovu, okudalwe wezakhiwo odumileyo Vorontsov-Velyaminovym.

• Bagration ukufikelwa.

• kwehlisa amajoni French.

• Ibhetri Rajewski.

• amajoni Russian.

• Utitsky Kurgan (Hill Gardens).

• 7 elihamba Division.

• Nezhin Dragoon webutho.

• Wild Horse zokudubula.

• 2 ukwahlukana Cuirassier.

• Volyn butho.

• Ingcwaba of Jikelele Bagration.

• Lithuanian webutho.

• Shevardino redoubt.

• elihamba iCandelo 3 of General PP Konovnitsyn

• «Height Roubaud."

• 24 Division elihamba.

• imikhosi eMoscow ESmolensk.

• Finland webutho.

• 3 Calvary lweSizwe kunye 1 Horse Battery.

• 12 Division elihamba.

• 2 battery Horse zokudubula Brigade umthetheli Raalya FF

Emendweni lebhokisi kwilali Borodino Museum, limi phezu kwamanqwanqwa T-34 itanki. Le lesikhumbuzo lunikezelwa amajoni 5 Army elikhuselayo eMoscow ngo-1941. ibheji sesikhumbuzo ephawulwe DOT Mozhaisk kwindawo enqatyisiweyo, yakhiwa ngo-1941.

okungcwaba

Ukongeza zesikhumbuzo kunye iiobelisk, ezinye ibekwe kwi reserve amangcwaba ubunzima kulala amajoni Russian kwaye French bafayo ngonyaka kwemfazwe Borodino apho. Ecaleni lesikhumbuzo kwicandelo Bakhmetev sangcwatywa amagosa Russian ngubani Wabunikela ubomi babo kwelo dabi. I-museum-reserve apho ingcwaba Mass amajoni wabulawa Utitskom ehlathini. Uphawu yesikhumbuzo kuwo elimiswe 1962. Ngelo xesha kwisiza elisembindini ukufikelwa Bagration, iintsalela amajoni zombini imikhosi zisaqala. Emva kokuba kungcwatywa mikhosi yavulwa Lingcwaba Soldier engaziwayo. Ngowe-1912, kuloo ndawo apho kwakukho indawo kukaNapoleon umyalelo, wafakwa kuphela eliSisikhumbuzo kwi-French bawa. Kulo umbhalo: ". Abafileyo enempi enkulu"

kukho ke yokungcwaba ngamajoni Soviet entsimini 1941-1942, GG, ezo zifana ecaleni kwamanye abalinganiswa ekhumbulekayo, owasekwa imbeko Amaqhawe Patriotic War of 1812 Ngoko, kwi Station Borodino na lingcwaba eliqhelekileyo wamajoni Soviet 5 Army.

Military History Museum

Borodino endle, apho ibekwe embindini Military History Museum, itsala amakhulu zabakhenkethi yonke imihla. Esi sakhiwo engundoqo yakhiwa ngo-1912, ngexesha igqiba 100 zehlabathi iimfazwe eziziingangamsha, baphinde bakuthembe ka-1812 It linembali ingcaciso ebonisa kwinzala amajoni abadumileyo indlela Idabi Borodino.

entsonkothileyo yezakhiwo Inkumbuzo

Kule ndawo kanye wayengomnye ukufikelwa Bagration, namhlanje imi elihle entsonkothileyo yezakhiwo kunye nesikhumbuzo. Oku kuquka:

• uMsindisi Borodino Convent, ukwakhiwa ogama lwaqhutywa ngo-1830-1870 gg

• Church of the uMsindisi.

• Kolotsky isigodlo, apho ikomkhulu Kutuzova M. I.

• kwiCawa Yokuzalwa, imvelaphi yayo elandwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII.

UMsindisi Borodino Convent waseka kaMagarita Mihaylovna Tuchkova kuloo ndawo apho umyeni wakhe - Jikelele AA Tuchkov. Azihlali endlwini yakhe umboniso elincinane kumisa ngo-1994, indawo yokuhlala kumagumbi-3. Isixelela ngendlela ubomi besi sibini wodumo kwimbali ekusekweni weemonki. Kwigumbi iphambili ibe sisikhumbuzo General Tuchkov.

ubomi umoya Modern museum

Kwinkulungwane xxi Museum-Reserve thaca iindwendwe zayo umboniso omtsha othi "Borodino -. Imfazwe nelamaRafa" Le ibekwe Umbhalo isakhiwo ukusuka ibhetri Rajewski. Isiseko kwe mboniso zizinto ezingakhutshelwanga ukuba sizibandakanya Idabi Borodino. Oku kuquka: iibhodi kunye nemigangatho; ngezikrweqe umlilo; iyunifomu amajoni imikhosi ezimbini; amabhaso; amaxwebhu; amakhadi; izinto zabo. Apha sile kwaye iziphumo ukusuka edabini. Phakathi kwazo kukho iziqwenga iziqhushumbisi, iibhola kunaso, iimbumbulu. Lo mboniso uquka iintlobo imisebenzi yobugcisa ukuthi zidalwe yi-nxaxheba kunye ababephila ngayo ezo ziganeko zamandulo. Kwakhona ubonisa Imizobo ezinezihloko XIX-XX iinkulungwane.

Ngomhla kummandla intsimi Borodino kukho isivumelwano, "Doronin," yinto imyuziyam interactive ubomi yomkhosi kunye nabalimi. osemqoka yalo esentloko kukuba zonke izakhiwo, izinto, izinto, kunye neenkcukacha ingaphakathi - into yokwenene.

Okunye museum

Enye ukucacisa ithandwayo Museum-reserve - ". War Gallery" Le ibekwe kwindawo refectory yeCawa of nguMsindisi Borodino Convent. I-Battle of Borodino wayekufuna kakhulu, ngoko ke mboniso eni ngaphezulu kwama-70 amagosa omkhosi Russian, apho kukho ezininzi iinjengele adumileyo kunye encinane-yaziwa. Ngaphezu kokuba kwisithathu babengabathetheli edabini wonzakele okanye contusion. I-Battle of Borodino luchaphazela kakhulu kakhulu yezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo nqwelo.

umthendeleko Orthodox kunye nokwakhiwa ngokutsha amadabi

Borodino entsimini ngo-2005 yaba indawo umthendeleko ulutsha International "Abazalwana". iiklabhu yobuzwe abaninzi ababandakanyekayo emifanekisweni ukuba lokuphinda idabi imfazwe ka 1812 no 1941 ngonyaka ngamnye inani imibutho eyahlukeneyo othatha inxaxheba kuzo. engako unika abantu banamhlanje ithuba lokuba bajonge iziganeko zembali yakowabo ngokusebenzisa emehlweni abantu nenxaxheba kuzo. Le rapprochement ne elidlulileyo ikuvumela ukuba babone ngokupheleleyo imbali kunye ukuqhubeka ngezizukulwana. Amalungu iiklabhu zomkhosi imbali athathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemfundo, imiboniso, ukudubula obubhaliweyo.

Indlela ukufikelela lolondolozo lwembali

Umnqweno abaninzi ukutyelela intsimi Borodino. Indlela ukufika kuyo evela eMoscow? Phambi myuziyam-reserve akukho nzima ukufikelela. Kokuba kufikelelwe:

• Xa imoto, enyuka esiya 102 km ye Minsk emendweni. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ekunene kwicala lwe Mozhaisk. Kuwo isalathisi kwidolophana Borodino kufuneka bapase km-12 kuphela.

• ibhasi yomqhubi-elide umgama №457 «Moscow Mozhaisk." Hlala kuyo, ungenza kwisikhululo sebhasi kwisikhululo metro "Victory Park". Okulandelayo ukuya stop "Borodino".

• Xa uloliwe ungafumana Belorussky kaloliwe ukuya kwisitishi Borodino, uze uhambe umele uhamba 3 km ukuya emyuziyam ngokwayo. ixesha ezinika imalunga 3 iiyure.

Museum-Reserve ithatha zombini tours yamaqela kunye nabakhenkethi zolonwabo. abasebenzi museum abanamava kuya kunceda kunye nokukhethwa ngendlela nje emdeni intsimi Borodino, complex bokwakha kunye nesikhumbuzo. Bethetha zonke mizuzu yomnye amadabi mkhulu kwimbali yelizwe lethu.

Kwidolophana Borodino i cafe "Mozhayskoe ifama" apho abakhenkethi ukuphumla nokuhlaziyeka.