Shlisselburg Fortress. Oreshek Fortress, Shlisselburg. indawo Fortress Leningrad

yonke imbali St. Petersburg kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo ezinxulumene kwindawo ethile kuyo. Abalawuli ukuba ukuvumela umda ukuba zifake le mimandla Russian, ukudala epheleleyo uthungelwano iinqaba kunye zakhe ezinde. Namhlanje uninzi lwabo ingqalelo kwiimyuziyam ezikhumbuzo zembali.

Vyborg nqaba

Nqaba Leningrad mmandla, kwakunye imizi yokuqala nezigodlo wakha phezu nommandla wayo, yenye kwezakhiwo zindala karhulumente Russian. Bavela kule ndawo eyona apho amanzi ezinxulumene iindlela zorhwebo ku yaseScandinavia naseYurophu kunye eMpuma kwiMeditera, umKristu kunye ihlabathi lamandulo.

kummandla Nqaba Leningrad godlo kunye nezinye izakhiwo yamandulo ziye zaba abasasazi inkcubeko yabantu Slavic, kwakunye ababhexeshi unqulo zamaKristu phezu indawo enkulukazi.

Umzekelo oluphawulekayo nakubugcisa Western Yurophu emkhosini kwicala Vyborg kukho inkoloseko eliqele, ekwabizwa ngokuba le nqaba. Imbali yale isakhiwo zinenjongo ukwadityaniswe balwa. Nantso nabo ngexesha Iphulo yesiThathu (1293) yasungulwa Vyborg.

Ekuqaleni inqaba wadlala indima ukuzithethelela. I balwa bazimela emva kweendonga zayo umkhosi Novgorod ukuzama kwakhona indawo ahlala. Kangangeenkulungwane, inqaba watshintsha umsebenzi. Esi sakhiwo njengendawo ukuba kwaku yokuhlala yasebukhosini kunye nekomkhulu lomkhosi. Kwaba kanye inqaba neziko yezolawulo esixekweni, yaye enqabeni le ayehla Swedish, kunye entolongweni.

Ngowe-1918 Vyborg Castle wawa phantsi kolawulo Finland kwaye zalungiswa. Ukususela ngo-1944 le ndawo yaba yinxalenye ye-USSR. Sele 1964, saqalisa ukuba athathe amanyathelo okuqala ukwakha lwembali inqaba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Vyborg Castle buvuleleke kubatyeleli. Kukho imyuziyam, benikela iindwendwe umhlobo eneengoma ezahlukeneyo elinesibini, echaza imbali kule ndawo.

Ngelo inqaba kukho inqaba mkhanya St. uOlaf. Ukusuka apho ungabona ubuhle emangalisayo landscape. Ende inika iimbono uyezibuko elwandle kunye nePersian of Finland, kwakunye kwiincopho zemithi ezikhulayo epakini Mon Repos.

Staraya Ladoga inqaba

Esi sakhiwo, belikhulu elinamanci mabini anantlanu ukusuka St Petersburg. Fortress kufuphi kwilali Staraya Ladoga wayibeka phezu kumda IX-X iinkulungwane. Ezi amaxesha Veschego Olega. Izakhiwo ibekwe kwindawo apho Ladozhka aqukuqela kungena Volkhov River, elunxwemeni phezulu. Injongo yokuqala yale nqaba ukukhusela umthetheli kunye nabantu bakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile yaba ngomnye iinqaba leyo ethintela indlela ukusuka kwiBaltic kutshaba.

Namhlanje ku Staraya Ladoga inqaba isebenza yakudala, zembali kunye bokwakha olondolozo-reserve. imiboniso emibini isebenza ukuba abatyeleli. Omnye ngenkcazo, kwaye eyesibini - zembali. Avuleke eziphambili lo mboniso kukho izinto ezifumaneka ngexesha ngabembi bezinto.

Koporje

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kule kummandla iLeningrad wahlala iinqaba ezisixhenxe. omnye esuka kolu luhlu (Yam, ibekwe Kingisepp) kuphela imele iingceba imithi kwaye ubuncinane ulwazi malunga elidlulileyo. Ezintandathu enye unobangela umdla ongacimiyo of Abathandi imbali. Enye yezi iinqaba - Koporje.

Le ise kufutshane St. Petersburg. Okunye enye inqaba Koporje waqhubeka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umfanekiso walo kumaxesha, kuba akukho nto phantsi ukuba iinguqulelo zakutshanje kakhulu.

Korela

Le inqaba ibekwe ngasentla St. Petersburg, ngomhla kummandla Karelian Isthmus. Kweli nqanaba, nengalo kumantla Vuoksi River eliya Lake Ladoga. Ngexesha XIII-XIV kwiinkulungwane Korela sisithuba umda Russian, nto leyo eye bahlaselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo yi balwa. Okwangoku, le nqaba uthathwa ilitye, likuvumela ukuba bahlole Russian zobugcisa yamandulo emkhosini-Uyalwa zolwimi ngokunzulu. Kulo sakhiwo, nesivulelekileyo ukuba iindwendwe unanamhla kwawugcina umoya adventure kunye zakudala. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba i inqaba akazange yaphuculwa okanye yakhiwe kule minyaka. Owayesakuba post wokhuselo evulekileyo iimyuziyam ezimbini. Xa kuqala kubo ingafunyanwa kunye nembali jikelele inqaba. Enye museum i Pugachev Tower, kwintendelezo leyo ivathisiwe, nangona ukutshatyalaliswa kwenxenye kweendonga ebonakalayo.

Ivangorod inqaba

Esi sakhiwo ilitye lesikhumbuzo lwezakhiwo ukuzithethelela Russian enxulumene XV-XVI eminyaka. Ivangorod inqaba yasekwa ngo-1492 kwi uMlambo Narva ukukhusela amazwe Russian ukusuka iyangena iintshaba yasentshona. Ngexesha eminyaka zaso zantlanu zembali yale zokuzifaka apha kwaba kaninzi indawo apho amadabi abaziingwanyalala lwenzeke khona. Akavumela nenqaba ngexesha imfazwe nxamnye bahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe amabutho esitha on nommandla wayo Ivangorod baseJamani wenza kwiinkampu ezimbini zoxinaniso, apho amabanjwa emfazwe igcinwe. Ebaleka, amaNazi bavuthela inkoliso nezakhiwo zangaphakathi phezulu, ezinde ezintandathu ikona, kwakunye iindawo ezininzi iindonga. Njengangoku, uninzi iinqaba ebuyiselweyo lalungiswa.

"Base"

Schlisselburg inqaba ukwakweli ngakuLwandle Ladoga, xa kanye ekuqaleni Neva. Le oqingqiweyo izakhiwo kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIV, ngoku imyuziyam.

Xa indawo kwi Nut Island Schlisselburg inqaba ligama yesibini - "Nzima".

museum

Shlisselburg Fortress - yinto zodchesky lomculo ezintsonkothileyo. Namhlanje ivuliwe kubatyeleli. Inqaba "Nut" ibhekisela Museum of the History of St Petersburg. wamenywa ukuba simazi izigaba ezingundoqo yembali karhulumente IsiRashiya ukuya amaxesha Iindwendwe xa le zokuzifaka apha waba nangayiphi na indlela ababandakanyekayo.

indaba

Shlisselburg Fortress yakhiwa kwi-1323 Ubungqina oku okhankanywe Novgorod Chronicle. Olu xwebhu kubonisa ukuba umzukulwana ka Aleksandra Nevskogo - Prince Yury of eMoscow - wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe iinqaba ngamaplanga. Kakade emva kwamashumi amathathu kwisiza yaseYiputa yangaphambili kwakukho ilitye. indawo yayo kuye kwanda kakhulu kwaye waqalisa ukwenza amawaka ezilithoba square metres. Changed kwaye ubungakanani iindonga inqaba. Njengoko aya kugaleleka Ebubanzini kweemitha ezintathu. Kwakukho iinqaba ezintsha ezintathu imilo yoxande.

Ekuqaleni, iindonga isakhiwo ukuzithethelela ubekwe Posad. imitha-amathathu channel phakathi kwakhe "nut". Thile emva, okwabangela yambathiswa emhlabeni. Emva koko Posad engqongwe udonga lwamatye a.

Ngokutsha, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye ukuvuselelwa onamava inqaba ukutyhubela imbali yayo ngaphezu kanye. Ngoko rhoqo ukwandisa inani iinqaba zayo, kwenyusa Ebubanzini bodonga.

Schlisselburg inqaba sele kwinkulungwane XVI yaba liziko lolawulo, ikhaya amagosa karhulumente kunye nabefundisi eziphezulu. Ngomhla kweenxweme Neva River besihlawule tenements elula labemi.

Inqaba "Nut" (Shlisselburg inqaba) kwisithuba ukususela 1617 wada 1702 kugcwele yi-balwa. Ngelo xesha, ukuba igama. ibizwa Noteburgskoy. Peter Ndaphumelela ukusuka balwa oku iinqaba zokubonisela, wambuyisela igama lakhe endala. Le nqaba kwakhona eyitwabulule isakhiwo grand. Kuye ke wakha iinqaba eziliqela, kwenqaba nemiphanda neentolongo. Ukususela 1826 ukuya 1917 enqabeni "Nut" (Shlisselburg inqaba) indawo entolongweni lo Decembrists kunye naBantu. Emva kokuba October Revolution, esi sakhiwo eyaguqukayo yaba imyuziyam.

sempi

"Nut" oye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuziphendulela iminyaka iLeningrad. Shlisselburg Fortress wasinika ithuba ngobukho "Road of Life", apho esixekweni ongqingiweyo ababethwele ukutya, yaye ukusuka apho ke imizi abemi kwikomkhulu wasentla. Ngenxa ubuqhawe inani elincinane wamajoni eziye yasinda singqingiwe njalo ke inqaba wasindiswa ubomi abangaphezu kwamakhulu omnye. Ngeli xesha i "nut" Oku yadilizwa emhlabeni.

Emva kwemfazwe, ukuvuselelwa inqaba, kwagqitywa ukuba bazibambe, niyakhe ecaleni i "Indlela of Life" nezakhiwo isikhumbuzo.

Inqaba. modernity

Namhlanje tyelela inqaba "Nut" khenketho. Owayesakuba Isakhiwo ukuzithethelela ungabona iintsalela ngobukhulu bakhe bangaphambili.

Inqaba "Nut" ikhadi ebalisa abakhenkethi ngendlela, kwi-moya Kubonakala ngathi wepoligoni ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Eliyi mzobo Wasolula ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma. Udonga ibekwe ezinde ezintlanu ezinamandla. Omnye wabo (Isango) - buxande. Xa sesakhiwo iinqaba ezishiyekileyo kusetyenziswa imilo setyhula.

Nqaba "Nut" (Shlisselburg) yindawo apho evulekileyo imbeko amaqhawe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Second lenkumbulo. Ngomhla kummandla enqaba elunge yangaphambili, kukho imiboniso imyuziyam. Bona bahlal izakhiwo "entolongweni omtsha" kunye "entolongweni endala". Amanxiwa iindonga inqaba, kunye Flag kunye nesango, kunye Royal Naugolnykh, Golovkin kunye Svetlichnaya Tower.

Indlela ukuya enqabeni?

Idolophu cwaka yephondo Shlisselburg ulula ukufikelela ngemoto. Emva koko ke inqaba ukufikelela kukhethwa ngephenyane. Kukho enye indlela. Ukusuka kwisikhululo "Petrokrepost" uhamba umkhombe, omnye amanqaku kwamfundisi leyo Shlisselburg Fortress. Indlela ukuya kubume bangaphambili Uyalwa ngqo St Petersburg? North kwengqukuva kwi "Nut" inqaba rhoqo zinginginya ngokhenketho. Abahambi kuziswa ukhululeke iinqanawa-ngesantya esiphezulu "Meteor".

Mhlawumbi umntu uya kwenza amalungiselelo uhambo kwi inani kwindlela ibhasi 575, nto leyo ade Schlusselburg ukusuka kwisikhululo metro "Ul. Dybenko ". Andule ukufumana ukuba le siqithi ukunceda isikhephe.

Ukuba ugqiba ukutyelela inqaba "Nut" indlela kufuneka zihlale zinolwazi ngazo zonke iindlela. Le myuziyam kwi iShushan yangaphambili ivula ngoMeyi kwaye ithatha abakhenkethi ukuya ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha. Ngeli xesha ivuliwe ngemihla. Ivula iiyure - 10 ukuya ku-17.