"I koMlawuli" Machiavelli: enesiqulatho emfutshane le ncwadi kubonisa le Renaissance

kwathiwa Enoba, iinkosi ubuchule alohlukaniswa izenzakalo yobomi bakhe kunye nomoya era lwanamhlanje. Umzekelo okuphawuleka i "enguMongami" Makiavelli. Isishwankathelo ama ibonisa ngokupheleleyo uvuthuzayo, adventures natyebileyo kwincwadi engobomi bomntu logqirha spin yokuqala, kwaye ngexesha elinye ixesha brilliant and liliphalaza igazi elimsulwa kule High Renaissance, awayephila kulo. Into nje ukuba umsebenzi wakhe Nikkolo Makiavelli azinikele Lorentso Medichi, lowo inxaxheba sebali, ithetha lukhulu. Yaye isibakala sokuba eli umlawuli sale uye wahlanganisela kuye izinto ezininzi luncedo evela lo mbhalo, kungqinwa yokuba akazange wamxolela Machiavelli lokungcatsha wamwezela enkundleni yakhe.

Nyana leenkundla, noNiccolò ekuqaleni wabamba izikhundla kwi sale republic. Egameni ezisemagunyeni waya entendelezweni Chezare Bordzhia. Waye kugqalwa mzobo kwesigele sentombi, kude kube lixesha yegazi labo. Unyana ongumgqakhwe ka-Alexander VI, ezinjengoCesare wazingqina kwezombangazwe yimpumelelo, bazibeke ekrakra. Ukushiya ezintabeni zalo kwehle nezidumbu, uye waba ngempumelelo ukwakha nkqo bamandla duchy akhe Valentina - hayi ngaphandle kwenkxaso eVatican. Noko ke, emva kokufa wethamsanqa uPhapha, ahamba kude ezinjengoCesare, dooming ukuba afe (1507). Machiavelli waba kwinkundla luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi ngo-1502-1504, kunye naye nomkhankaso wakhe wamajoni ngokungalindelekanga abhaliwe communiques bakhe nabaqeshi sale. Noko ke, emva kokufa kwayo, ezinjengoCesare yaba kwase yomphathi, olusekelwe othi Machiavelli kaThixo "INkosana" (1513).

Isihloko sokuqala sencwadi iyalila «Il Principe», gama elo elithetha "nkosana". Noko ke, bekuya kuba zilula ukuqwalasela umsebenzi sale nzulu ngezinto ekwahlukaneni elula Onegunya ilizwi kuye itrone leyo njengelifa. Le ndoda - ngokwakhe mkhandi of Isiphelo sakhe. Ngoko uthi iqhalo ixesha, kwaye "INkosana" ngu Machiavelli, isishwankathelo abunikiweyo apha, iqinisekisa kuphela le maxim. Kwizahluko elinesithathu zokuqala umbhali lithetha ntoni na iintlobo karhulumente (Republic okanye nguzwilakhe). Kwakhona unika umzekelo imbali eziliqela ngeendlela ukuba bambambe itrone.

"Akuyomfuneko ukuba bathembele inceba isiphelo - ubhala unyana ka igqwetha - kwaye ukufikelela onke anobukroti zabo." Xa eli gama lokugqibela ( «virtu») Machiavelli uyayiqonda indlela inkalipho nokuzimisela wengonyama kunye isilumkiso fox ubuqili ubukrwada. Umxube iimpawu zezi zilwanyana zibini kwaye kufuneka babe geqe Machiavelli. Isishwankathelo lo mbhalo isixelela ukuba umlawuli ukugcina ngamandla, kufuneka ukhohlakele kwaye kusingathwe isigqibo neentshaba zalo zobupolitika. Akazange uyigcine ilizwi lakhe, ukuba iimeko zifuna njalo. Yaye ngokubanzi, kungcono ukuba bakhuthaze izifundo zakhe ukoyika ngaphezu kothando.

Kwi isahluko 14 sencwadi ethi "INkosana" ngu Machiavelli, isishwankathelo ongayi nembeko, ngokupheleleyo swi ubuntu ufanelwe yomphathi. Umbhali uthi, ngokuba oko abalawuli obangele nendumiso, kunye nokufowuna nabezopolitiko bayingqonga ngokwakhe kunye nabacebisi nezilumko onyanisekileyo, kunokuba abakhohlisi. Ukuhlaziya yobuntu, Uyeza kwisigqibo sokuba umntu umlinganiselo kukrakra esinamandla kakhulu isipaji ebiweyo ngaphezu uyise ungasekhoyo, kwaye ihlaba ukuthembela namahlakani self-umdla.

Kwizikolo yanamhlanje zobuchwepheshe obutsha lezopolitiko ubunkokheli ezingundoqo kwaye lisebenza njengencwadi yesifundo, Kakade ke, hayi Machiavelli, "iNkosana". Umxholo yomsebenzi wakhe ngokuphandle kakhulu kwaye ngokuphandle siyazikhohlisa ukuze ihlabathi lethu lokuhanahanisa. Noko ke, intsingiselo yale ncwadi ayikho lixesha. Yaye isibonisa ngokucacileyo izangqa mihla kwezopolitiko.