Zezibalo Great of Russia kunye bakufumeneyo

Izazinzulu ezininzi Russian abaye baphumelela, ziyakwamkelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kaninzi ziba kwindawo engundoqo ye Sciences ngqo, ezifana nemathematika. Iingcali kakhulu kule nkalo ziye zenza ndafumanisa izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, izinto zabo zisetyenziswa kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Yintoni na le zezibalo enkulu Russia kufuneka yaziwe bonke?

pavel Alexandrov

-Nzulu elizayo wazalelwa kwidolophu Bogorodsk, namhlanje - Noginsk. Abafundileyo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, apho nangoko waqalisa ukubonisa Ukuthanda imathematika, okwenziwa phantsi kwempembelelo katitshala Aleksandra Eygesa. Ngenye imini utitshala waxelela abafundi malunga Lobachevsky kunye Alexander oselula ngoko nangoko bagqiba ukwenza geometry. Ukufuna ulwazi, wangena University of eMoscow. Apho waqalisa ukufunda 'kwingxaki okuqhubeka, "kodwa imizamo ngexesha elithile lwadanisa kuye. Noko ke, ingxaki khange isigqibo nokuba ezinye ezaziwayo-kakuhle izazinzulu lwemathematika. World pedagogy Alexandrov wazoba eliqela, kodwa ke wabuyela kwinzululwazi intanda yakhe. Yena wabeka imithetho ithopholoji abstract - imisebenzi yakhe lwezenzululwazi kusebenza njengesiseko iingcali ehlabathini lonke. Ukongeza, iminyaka engamashumi amathathu Alexandrov waya i Mathematical Society, epapashwe iphephancwadi kunye ezifunyaniswe yakutshanje. impumelelo zakhe kuye kwaqatshelwa yi kwamanye amazwe, yaye - uPawulos onyulwe njengelungu Wawongwa Gottingen, i-American kunye Berlin Academy of Sciences.

Ivan Vinogradov

Nkqu zezibalo edume Russia akasoloko kuvelisa imvakalelo kwihlabathi lwezenzululwazi - ingqalelo ezinye kancinci. Ohlukile ke kwenzeka Ivanom Matveevichem Vinogradovym. Wakwazi ukungqina ingxaki Goldbach kwaye ngaxa omnye abe nodumo. Ngokutsho theorem, kokuqala ixabiso elithile, naliphi na inani elingumnqakathi na isiphumo etsala ezintathu. Ukongeza ukuqonda, izibalo Vinogradov unako ukuba kukho isisombululo ukuba kuhlwe. La manani amele sum of ezilula ezine. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, lo mbuzo nkqu wavusa Goldbach. Vinogradov Uphinde amaphepha enzululwazi malunga elikhulu elinamanci mabini. Ngoko bamenzela inkwenkwezi bamsa dumo, leyo ukuqhayisa, bendingayi zonke zezibalo enkulu. Imbali yemathematika ugcina ukukhunjulwa kuye sesayensi obalaseleyo kunye nelungu Wawongwa imibutho yenzululwazi kunye zezifundiswa ehlabathini lonke.

Mstislav Keldysh

Uninzi zezibalo enkulu Russia babonisa izakhono zabo amangalisayo besebancinane. Kwaye Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh - wamkela kwisihloko academician sele engama-35 ubudala. Impumelelo ezinjalo ukuba kulindeleke - ISAZINZULU sahlanganisa umthamo engakholelekiyo umsebenzi kunye netalente lokwenene. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-16, waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yaye wagqiba ukubhalisa Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Emva koqeqesho waya azibandakanye moya, nto leyo eye iminyaka emine kwenziwe ii-experimenti ezininzi yenzululwazi ebalulekileyo waza wafumana isidanga. Kuba impumelelo entsimini moya Keldysh kwamenza amabhaso aliqela karhulumente. Wakwazi ukubala njani lokungcangcazela ukuphelisa kwi kwamaphiko, kwaye iivili kunye extensibility, ihambe kunye kokwehla. Ngenxa yobalo bakhe yamiselwa esinenjini. Ukongeza, i-Keldysh ndaqwalasela ebalulekileyo kwimathematika azo.

Sofia Kovalevskaya

, Kuba uluhlu, owona zezibalo enkulu babeya abafazi Russian kuqukwa uyakwazi ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle igama. Sofia Kovalevskaya - izazinzulu ezininzi adumileyo elizweni. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, yena akazange nje abanye abantwana, wakhetha ukuzonwabisa bonke vangama. Wagqiba ukufunda imathematika, ukuba ungayisebenzisa khonúkuze uqonde nezinye iimfihlelo iphela. Wall usana Nozipho igumbi papered ngeemakhishithi zezifundo Ostrogradskii, ngubani intombazana wokuqala ibihlaba emhlabeni yesayensi. Emva koko waqalisa ukufunda incwadi uNjingalwazi Tyrtova ngazo ukufunda izisekelo physics kunye nezetrigonometry. Ngoko ke waqalisa indlela yakhe ebhekiselele inzululwazi, kodwa ekhaya lokufumana imfundo efanelekileyo abafazi kwakungenakwenzeka, waya phesheya Berlin. imisebenzi Scientific ka Nozipho wazisa isidanga, wenza inani obafunyanwa ezibalaseleyo waza waduma ehlabathini lonke.

Andrey Kolmogorov

ngeke ibe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle le Isazinzulu Gallery of the zezibalo enkulu. Waba ummeli wokuqala cybernetics, uye wadala umsebenzi edumileyo, ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo lwemisebenzi yoncwadi zenzululwazi. Yenza izibalo, waqala ngalo eyunivesithi, ukongeza, ukuba zabhalwa ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi kwi bulumko nengqiqo. igalelo Kolmogorov ukuba cybernetics wamiswa nje kuphela ekhaya kodwa phesheya - engeniswa kwi-Polish kunye isiRomania Academy of Sciences, kwaye kananjalo wathi iqondo Doctor e Yunivesithi yase Paris. Basungula iziseko theory amathuba kunye manani zemathematika , hayi nje wawuxhokonxa uluntu ulwazi phambili, kodwa wanceda abafundi abaninzi Kolmogorov baphumelele ebalulekileyo nemisebenzi yabo.

Alexey Krylov

Lo mfana wakhulela kwintsapho ngokwanelisayo ihlwempu - yokudlala ayithandayo yaba izembe. Little Alyosha umdla ngokuthi ukugawulwa eliqela kweenkuni. Ngokufuthi izalamane wacinga loo mntwana ufumana njengomphangi, kodwa yonke into yaba ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Wagqiba ukuba yinjineli, kwaye ukwenza ukuba izibalo kwakufuneka. Wings yaqala ukuziqesha kunye ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15 kakuhle-mali enkulu ulwazi. Ngexesha izifundo zakhe wabetha oonjingalwazi kunye eme phakathi nabanye abafundi. Xa inkonzo Krylov ndaya ulawulo geographical, apho wabhala iphepha yenzululwazi phezu ikhampasi, uze emva koko ndagqiba ekubeni ndifunde imikhumbi. Izazinzulu ezininzi kunye zezibalo baba nkolelo Russian, yaye zimbalwa ume ngaphandle ezikhethiweyo practical elimxinwa. Wings - omnye wabo. Ukuthumela imicimbi ulwazi wakhe isitshixo. imisebenzi yakhe, edibanisa ingcamango zemathematika kunye iinkqubo zobunjineli, zisisiseko ngoku. Ukongeza, yena yabamba iqela le zophando ngempumelelo. imisebenzi yakhe enkulu kubume benqanawa esetyenziswa kwishishini imikhumbi ukuba le imini kaYehova, ingabi kuphela eRashiya kodwa kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini jikelele.

kaYuri Linnik

Uninzi zezibalo enkulu iRussia wayesebenza ngenkulungwane yokuqala yee-omabini. Oku kukwasebenza uYuri Linnik, ngubani isidanga kwiYunivesithi iLeningrad ngo-1938, yaye kungekudala emva koko yapapashwa iphepha kwi Frobenius theorem. Ngo-1943 sele belifumene kwisihloko ngunjingalwazi. umsebenzi omangalisayo theory nani wamenza ilungu le-Academy of Sciences. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, awayisungulela ekusombululeni iingxaki ezinzima, ukuzama ukufumana indlela elula kubo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, wazenza ngokuphuma imibuzo embalwa ezibalulekileyo theory ngokuqinisekileyo, ukufunda nzulu iziseko yi British Hardy Littlewood. Waqulunqa lo theorem ukuba inani yendalo kuhlala zimelwe njengoko udibaniso zokuqala ezimbini zendalo, kabini. Igama Yuriya Linnika eyaziwa izazinzulu zezibalo ehlabathini lonke.

Alexander Lyapunov

Uninzi zezibalo enkulu Russia wafunda e St. Petersburg University. Kwakhona Aleksandr Lyapunov ke isidanga sakhe. Ngokuba imisebenzi yesayensi, ebhalwe ngomnyaka wesine, waphumelela imbasa yegolide. Lyapunov kwalo yokusebenza elinawo. Ukongeza, waba ngumfundisi abanetalente - abafundi kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa intetho emfutshane ukuze ababalisele oko ndandingowasemzini, nkqu nabafundi ilungileyo Kakade ke, uza kude ngaphaya umda le program. Aleksandr Mihaylovich Lyapunov iphuhlise okucingelwayo ezininzi malunga uzinzo kunye kuvuselele yokuhambisa iinkqubo zoomatshini, liqulunqe imithetho ngazo sikwazi imilo batshintshana komhlaba ulwelo, wabaqhuba isiseko inkqubo yolawulo mveliso, yaye namhlanje. Ekugqibeleni, Lyapunov wabhala amaphepha eziliqela kwithiyori ngokuqinisekileyo, physics zezibalo, kunye neminye imimandla engundoqo yenzululwazi.