Izihloko ungunyana wabanumzana eFransi: inkcazelo, imbali kunye nezikhundla

Ngomhla kummandla yaseFransi ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi kunye 1871 kwabakho inkqubo eyodwa apho neenkosi baye bohlulwa ngokweendidi eziliqela. izihloko Noble kunye nezikhundla wabo umdla omkhulu namhlanje. Akumangalisi oku, njengoko rhoqo abameli yabantu basebukhosini kunye nenzala yabo phantsi ziphicothwe eendaba, kunye iinkwenkwezi zoshishino show nabezopolitiko dumeke.

sabaphathi

INtloko urhulumente waseFransi ukumkani ephakathi. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo weqela legunya baba suzerains - Neendwalutho kunye iigrafu ezinkulu abalawuli ephakamileyo kwindawo ethile. Noko ke, amandla abo on Earth phantse ngokulinganayo wasebukhosini. Kwafika abanikazi domains, benefices okanye izabelo olukhutshelwe loo nkonzo, kunye fiefs, imvume inkonzo amafa. Ezi izidwangube ukuba izihloko ezahlukeneyo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba naliphi na inkosi feudal abe suzerain, nethambeka umnini kunye benefice ngaxeshanye.

Le Roi (King)

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, nguye isihloko njengowongamileyo ungunyana wabanumzana ephakathi eFransi. Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo abanini ukuba zanikwa amandla enoba kukancinane okanye kakhulu. Amandla uphakamileyo kookumkani French ebinazo ngexesha absolutism, ingakumbi ngexesha lokulawula uLouis XIV.

Le philayo (Duke)

Asinto liphezulu isithsaba isihloko ebukumkanini French, leyo yaguqulelwa Russian ngokuba "Duke." Kukholelwa ukuba oko ekuqaleni owonyulwe intloko wesizwe, kwaye wabonakala kumaxesha Carolingian, xa isiFrentshi, abavela kwaye baseJamani aba phantsi kokumkani. Ngexesha ukusekwa nokwandiswa amakhosi karhulumente zesiJamani Neendwalutho wajika kumagosa zokumkani abantu abevanga iigrafu - abalawuli kwiindawo ngamnye.

Le Marquis (izikhuselo zeseyile)

Ezi izihloko ungunyana wabanumzana eFransi kwavele phantsi uCharlemagne. Igama lawo livela igama umda unit lolawulo - brand. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Marquis wayengumlawuli yobukhosi ndawo.

Le Comte (Count)

Ngoko wayebizwa ngokuba umkhonzi basebukhosini banegunya ukulawula kwintsimi ethile kunye nokusebenzisa imisebenzi ye leenkundla. Waye elandelayo elinegunya emva Marquis izibizo amanene kwaye phantse single-handedly, ngaphandle imibuzo nje embalwa, walawula kwisiphaluka. Hi ndlela leyi, eli comte ilizwi igama "ngqwayi wephondo", ebonisa indawo ngendlela emkhosini.

Le Vicomte (Viscount)

Izihloko ungunyana wabanumzana eFransi badlula. Ngamaxesha ahlukileyo kule senzo imithetho ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, isihloko viscount, nto leyo kwisithuba yokuqala igrafu imele substituent, yaye kamva ayenxiba ziindlalifa abaselula oyindoda Marquis kunye neegrafu, kwakunye nenzala yabo.

Le Baron (Baron)

Izihloko ungunyana wabanumzana eFransi baba baninzi kakhulu. sabaphathi abo aprintiweyo siqinise Baron. Ngoko wabiza izinduna abe nabo kuphela, leyo, ukuba akhonze yokumkani ngqo, ngokwabo lobunganga kwizifundo zabo. E France, le isihloko wayengomnye common kangako.

Le Chevalier (Chevalier)

Izihloko ungunyana wabanumzana eFransi ezo abameli kule klasi, ongazange abe nabo kuphela. Abhalisa ndakukhupha umkhosi, mayibalwe kuninzi zokulwa. Igama elithi "Chevalier" ithetha umkhweli axhobe af. E Western Europe wonga ekuqaleni kwakuthetha ukwamkela inkonzo yomkhosi umbusi wabo. Kuba ukunyaniseka Chevalier wafumana kuMnu fief sofuzo kwaye benefices ubomi.

Monsieur De

Isihloko Junior oluhle umyalelo omdala eFransi - equier (ekyuye). Ukuba lonyule sasebukhosini, ngokoqobo lithetha "iimpahla". Ukongeza, ekuthiwa abantwana zobuqu amanene ukuzimela, abo bangakwazanga Ukuxhobisa bazixhobise bona ngokwabo. inkonzo sasebukhosini ibikukuphela kwendlela ukuba Chevalier kukuphumelela unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe fief okanye benefice. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye squires, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, akazange kufikelelwe ezinqwenelekayo yaye wahlala nje Monsieur de (igama). Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo iklasi kwesele Chevalier.

isihloko ilifa

EFransi bamandulo, oko kunika phambili bulunge nayo ubuzibulo. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba isihloko unyana omdala ilifa umnini wakhe. Kulo mzekelo, intombi wazalwa phambi kokuba etyelele intsapho le nkwenkwe yayisele kuvinjwa kweli lungelo.

Nangona uyise usaphila, unyana ufumene ebizwa ngokuba yi-Isihloko imbeko esezantsi gaba than umzali. Umzekelo, indlalifa luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi waba Marquis. Ngelo xesha, xa umntu eqwalasela isikhundla umnumzana esithile kwiqela elinegunya yabantu basebukhosini French, ukujonga indawo yayo yathathwa njengesiseko setayitile kayise. Ngamanye amazwi, le grafu na unyana Duke, kwaba ngaphezulu i 'oogxa ", uyise lwayo Marquis.

Ngokuqhelekileyo basebukhosini liphezulu waba izihloko eziliqela, nto leyo wahlala entsatsheni, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha nenzalo yazo endaweni izihlobo zabo abadala kunye nokufa. Umzekelo, ukuba unyana waba Duke emva kokufa uyisemkhulu wakhe, wathabatha indawo umzukulwana wakhe Count yakhe.

izihloko yabaseTyhini

A Isihloko ungunyana wabanumzana eFransi ne England idla ayihambi ngokusebenzisa umgca eyindoda. Njengoko kumabhinqa, baba abanini zabo ngeendlela ezimbini. Ukhetho lokuqala - kuba umtshato, ize eyesibini - ukuze afumane kuyise. Kwimeko yokugqibela, kwakhona yaba isihloko imbeko, esalinikwayo nenekazi malungelo. Le meko yahluke xa wesifazane, umzekelo, kukho neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa ngomtshato kunye iNkosana. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba oko zibonelelwe kwinqanaba oluneqela enye indoda, imizi yonke, kuquka namadoda bamlandela. Ukongeza, umzekelo, ezibini ngaphantsi Marquis umyeni wakhe waba isihloko imbeko kwaye abazange ilifa emva kokufa umzali wakhe lowo.

Ngelo xesha eFransi wenza ngokulandelelana Salic uMthetho, njengako apho abasetyhini ayifumanekanga ilifa izihloko ngaphandle kwemiqathango usapho, ie intombi Duke akuthethi kuba neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa, kwanokuba uyise kungekho ziindlalifa eyindoda.

Izindlu edume yeengcungcu of France

• House de Montmorency.

Sodidi iye kwaziwa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-10 kwaye wanika phoyisa waseFransi, 6, 12 iimashali, ukhadinali, abaphathi eziliqela, kwakunye iinkosi kwee-odolo ezahlukeneyo knightly, kunye manani zikarhulumente ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle.

Eyokuqala ekhaya abafumana isihloko ducal ngo-1551 yaba Anne de Montmorency.

• House d'Albret.

Le ndlu lifikelele kanye phezulu kuluhlu, waba yobukumkani waseNavarre. Ukongeza, omnye abameli balo (Yohane d'Albret) watshata Duke Vendomskogo. Xa lo mtshato wazalelwa nguKumkani wobu Navarre kuqala, ngoko France kunye Henry IV.

• House Artois.

County enegama elifanayo kwi kumaXesha Aphakathi ngokuphindaphindiweyo waba ithambo usukuzwano. Ukongeza, kwaba enye ilifa embalwa waya ezichasene uMthetho Salic. Kamva yaba yinxalenye okwilizwe Burgundy. Ngo-1482, isihloko mazwe aya Habsburgs. Noko ke, ngo-1659 yayibuya phantsi Protectorate French kwaye ihlelwe County. Kulo mzekelo, abanini bafumana peerage waseFransi, yaye kamva omnye amalungu kuzenza yaba uKumkani France uCharles weThoba.

• Prince de Conde.

Eli sebe ngodaba losapho lobukumkani French wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini kwezentlalo nezopolitiko zobukumkani de Ukunyamalala yabo 1830. Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, le ntsapho iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ibango itrone kwaye wabandakanyeka iziza ezahlukeneyo.

• usapho Lusignan.

Intonga eyaziwa ngokuba eyandisiweyo impembelelo yayo kude ngaphaya eFransi. abameli balo kwinkulungwane ye-12 ngenxa yokuba imitshato dynastic baba abalawuli aseSipro neYerusalem, yaye ngenkulungwane ye-13 aba ookumkani yaseKilikiya yobukumkani Armenian kunye ubulawuli-Antiyokwe. Enkosi kubo, koluhlu lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni ngabafo izihloko France mazigqithiselwe ngokuyinxenye kurhulumente.

• House of Valois-Anjou.

Abameli sodidi aba ookumkani Naples kunye enye amasebe Capetian yamandulo. Ngowe-1328, isithethi lwabo uPhilippe lesithandathu beza etroneni yaseFransi. Wafumana na yelifa lakhe, kodwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwiindlalifa oyindoda umza wakhe - ukumkani France. Ohlanga walawula iminyaka engaphezu kwama-2 de itrone ongenakuwelwa ku Henry IV.

Ngoku uyazi indlela amanqanaba ezininzi legunya ezahlulwe sisithuba igosa eziqhelekileyo umntu ophethe ngabafo iphezulu isihloko France, iBritani okanye amanye amazwe Western aseYurophu. Namhlanje, eninzi inzala yabo, ngubani ilifa igama kuphela enkulu ukuhlala ngathi ngabantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye kunqabile kuphela ukhumbule ookhokho babo ukuveza igazi labo blue.