Washington Conference kunye nezixhobo ibalulekileyo wayithabatha

yehlabathi yokuqala kubethwa kakhulu kubantu abaninzi kumazwe - ilahleko ingaphaya kakhulu, ukumimitheka yabantu kuye kwacotha, phakathi iintshaba izolo kaThixo yayigcina oneengxaki. Ingakumbi elibukhali baba ukuphikisana phakathi kwamazwe amane top - France, eUnited States, iBritani kunye Japan. Isizathu sokuba kwezi na ukungangqinelani yaba icandelo le-Pacific Ocean kunye Navy nemikhosi.

Relations phakathi kwamazwe zonyukile ngakumbi nangakumbi, bonke waziva ngokucacileyo ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa - yaye impi entsha bekuya kuba kunqandwa. Ngoko kwagqitywa ukuba abize kwinkomfa apho zonke izinto ezingangqinelaniyo ziya kuxoxwa kunye namazwe uphikisana baya kuba nako ukuza isisombululo esamkelekileyo esihlanganyelweyo eya kuthintela ungquzulwano.

Nendawo le nkomfa zaye ekhethiweyo USA, wawutshisa nomzi wabo capital kwaye obize le leNkomfa Washington ngo-1921.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ezi zilandelayo: I-Conference Washington ibizwe United States eli phulo - ekulindeleke ukuba kufikelelwe kwisigqibo kwezivumelwano kakuhle ngokwabo. Ngokusesikweni, le njongo ephambili yale nkomfa yaba intshukumo ikuthintele kwezizwe eSoviet Union kunye namazwe ezinxulumeneyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, urhulumente waseSoviet akazange wamenywa kule nkomfa, kwakunye igqiza eFar Mpuma Republic yathunyelwa Washington, yena walelwa ukwamkelwa kule nkomfa.

Ukususela kuNovemba 1921 ukuya kuFebruwari 1922 wegqitha iNkomfa Washington, kunye izisombululo zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu ehlabathini liphela. Ingakumbi ephawulekayo izivumelwano amathathu: i "contract ezine", "i-Nine" yaye "contract-ezintlanu."

Conference Washington watyikitya "isivumelwano ezine" 13 Disemba 21 kulo nyaka. Kule contract, njengoko uyakwazi ukuchaza unikwe igama, amagunya ezine: USA, France, eNgilane Japan. Umongo kwesi sivumelwano isivumelwano onke amazwe amane kuvunyelwene ukukhusela amalungelo lwengingqi Pacific Ocean. Ukongeza, i "isivumelwano ezine" sichaziwe umsantsa manyano Anglo-Japanese, eyathatha ukususela 1902. It waphula Alliance ngenxa uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi-US, njengoko umanyano England Japan wawusalathiswa nxamnye ezinye izicwangciso US.

"Le mvumelwano ezintlanu" Conference Washington yamkelwa nje phambi kokugqitywa kwalo - 6 Februwari 1922 ngonyaka. Le mvumelwano kwakhona unalo igama yesibini - le Washington Naval iSivumelwano. Kwaba khona ngamagunya zilandelayo: France, USA, Japan, Great Britain ne Italy. Esi sivumelwano ezichazwe imfuneko ukunciphisa imikhosi aselwandle kumazwe inxaxheba. Ngokwekhalenda imikhosi contract inzuzo zaselwandle lwaphela, walungisa USA.

Ngaphandle US, ezinye zeengenelo yi sivumelwano yafumana Japan kunye United Kingdom. Ngenxa yoko, i-United Kingdom kunye United States baye banikwe ukuzibophelela yaseJapan ukuba ukwakha iziseko kwi Pacific Ocean empuma 110 okuyi wobude ngasempumalanga. Kwaye United Kingdom iye igcinwe eyona ingenelo yayo ngenxa yokuba iitoni le Navy ayizange imingcele.

"Isivumelwano ezilithoba 'kwinkomfa Washington yamkelwa ngaxeshanye" isivumelwano ezintlanu. " Le mvumelwano ababandakanyekayo kula mazwe alandelayo: France, Belgium, USA, Great Britain, Japan, eNetherlands, Italy, Portugal kunye neTshayina. Phantsi kwesi sivumelwano, onke amazwe abathatha inxaxheba kuyo ukufumana amathuba alinganayo, kunye China isiba ilizwe, nenokuthi isetyenziswe ngawo onke (Japan nje, njengoko bekucwangcisiwe ngaphambili). Japan kwakhona bathembisa lokusiyeka China "iimfuno ezingamashumi amabini ananye '.

apha kuphela China ngqo kokugqitywa mvumelwano ezazithe ukuzithintela: kuyo ke urhoxile, hayi onke amajoni Japanese, kunye China ngokwayo babeyibekile uluhlu lwamaxabiso okhethekileyo, siyixhase (China i-) ukungalingani yayo.

Urhulumente US lenza izicwangciso malunga ukufaka kwizikhundla kakhulu kwi la, kodwa, ngenxa kweelana abahlelekileyo xa amalungelo abo of China, agila eSoviet Union, ezi zicwangciso ayikwazanga luqokeleleke ndaweninye.