Historiography kwembali yesizwe

Historiography kwembali yesizwe - ingqiqo ngendlela ezininzi kunye antsonkothileyo. Akubalulekanga nje eyimbali zenkqubo zembali, kodwa isayensi lifunda ukuyilwa ulwazi yezembali iminyaka emininzi. Le science yayo into, imisebenzi, imithombo, imigaqo kunye neendlela. historiography zasekhaya yesiko lwalo kunye nesikolo, kwaye ulwalathiso yokumpompoza, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo enobutyebi historiography ehlabathini, wenza utshintsho olukhulu kwimbali inzululwazi xa iyonke.

Historiography yahlulwe izihlandlo eziliqela. Eyokuqala them - pre-lwezenzululwazi. Kweli thuba kufuneka ifundwe bulumko kumaxesha, imbono abantu kwexesha, izithethe, imisebenzi imbali. Qaphela ukuba eli xesha, nto leyo eyaqhubeka de kwenkulungwane ye-18, kwasekwa iintlobo eziphambili ngxelo, ezifana ingxelo - nokugcinwa kweerekhodi iminyaka. Saba umthombo iphambili yalo, ibe wafunda historiography imbali yelizwe. Xa isifundo yemihla kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo imigaqo apho zabhalelwa, imilo kunye nesimbo apho imisebenzi igcinwe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo siseko chronograph, evumela uthelekiso kweziganeko, ezinxulumene ukuba imihla ethile, "phambi" kunxibelelanisa ingcamango - "kamva". Umthombo yesibini ebudeni beli xesha, nto leyo ababandakanyekayo mbali, kuba ubomi abangcwele. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ubomi abangcwele abe shades luluvo ngaphezu yeziKronike enamandla - bajike ibe uhlobo amavo kunye namabali. Olunye uhlobo amabinzana lokuqonda yezembali ukuba izazinzulu abanomdla - lwemveli. Kungenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bafunde kwiimbono zabantu amaqhawe zabo iintshaba. Ngenxa yokuba kwixesha pre-lwezenzululwazi, bambalwa amaxwebhu oluthembekileyo, iminyaka emininzi, ihlala umbuzo kusini na imvelaphi nokuxubana, lo ukwenzeka sokumiswa, kumzabalazo ochasene bahlaseli belizwe Russian.

Ithuba lesibini imbali historiography Russian iqala ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, yaye waqhubeka kwaze ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Olu phawu ixesha eliboniswe kwizithuba ezabelwe iziko le imbali njenge inzululwazi kunye isifundo lesixhobo isiseko. Oku kufuneka kubandakanye ezifana utshintsho njengoko secularization inzululwazi kunye nophuhliso ibandla, kunye nemfundo yehlabathi. Luqala ukuba imithombo ukuqhubekekiswa ukuguquka, zisuka eYurophu, uphando yembali, njengoko enjalo, yimani ngokuzimeleyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye - akhiwa futhi zalo abangabancedani ezinceda ukufunda imbali. A nqanaba ezintsha kweli thuba - ekuqaleni lokupapashwa imithombo eziziiprayimari yaguqula sengqondo nembali lizwe wakhe ngeendlela ezininzi, ingakumbi nezazi Russian.

Oko kukuthi, nezazi, abakhwetha izifundo hambo yimbali. Iphenjelelwa ezenzeka Western kunye iziseko bulumko kwimbali iba kwesayensi yinxalenye. Phakathi imisebenzi kubalulekile ukukhumbula umsebenzi F. Prokopovich, A. Mankieva, P. Shafirov, Kurakin, V. Tatishchev, G. Bayer, G. Miller, A. Schlozer, Shcherbatov, I. Boltina, Lomonosov. Ezi izazinzulu ukufunda iingxaki politogenesis, Vikings ukuthatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni karhulumente Russian yamandulo , njl

Elinye inyathelo - uphuhliso historiography kwi wesithathu yesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Oku kuquka imiba efana ukuzalana karhulumente Russian kunye namazwe Western, kukho ingqiqo yokuqala sokuphuhlisa imbali yesizwe.

Isigaba sesine - kwisiqingatha sesibini elinethoba - kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngelo xesha, kwasekwa iziseko methodological of historiography. Historiography kwembali yesizwe kunye noluvo le positivism izinto eziphathekayo kunye Kantianism. Ukwandisa uluhlu kophando, ingakumbi ugxininiso kwi iingxaki zentlalo noqoqosho kwimbali. Xa Isigaba sesine kukho umbuzo lokuqeqesha izakhelo zembali.

Last lwesihlanu Isigaba - le historiography yiSoviet kwimbali yelizwe, olusekelwe kwindlela leklasi ukuya ekuphuhliseni uluntu, nto leyo, waba nefuthe le ndlela yenzululwazi. Ukoyisa ilifa eSoviet - injongo ephambili yesikolo mihla zembali.