Ithiyori kwemithetho yemvelo

Ithiyori kwemithetho yemvelo lalisele likho ngamaxesha amandulo. Ezinxulumene nale ngxaki ingcamango sele sikhona kakade Greece yamandulo (i Sophists, uAristotle, Democritus, uSocrates), China (moizm) kunye neRoma (nabaqondisi baseRoma, uCicero).

Abameli ingcamango bakholelwa ukuba umntu ukususela ekuzalweni basonta bucala kwenye amalungelo (ebomini, nokuthembeka, umtshato, inkululeko, ipropati, umsebenzi, ukulingana, njalo njalo). La malungelo bucala kwenye, umntu singenako ukuyiphika kubo, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko isohlwayo-mthetho. Bavela kanye uhlobo indoda leyo bayondliwa ngokomoya yaye simahla.

umthetho Natural Liquka ubulungisa njengowongamileyo, yaye imithetho karhulumente kufuneka abaphikayo. Abaxhasi lo mbono ichonge into ezifana nomthetho HIV, nto leyo ifakiwe kule mithetho eyamkelwe ngurhulumente.

Abameli ubalaseleyo e-worldwork theory - Rousseau, Radishchev, uMontesquieu, Locke, Hobbes, Holbach, kunye nabanye.

Ithiyori kwemithetho yemvelo kubonakaliswe-siseko lwamazwe ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, kuquka eRashiya. Ngokomzekelo, xa Inqaku le-17 ithi amalungelo angundoqo ezi kwenye kwaye abe wonke ukususela ekuzalweni, ukuphunyezwa makangalaphuli amalungelo abanye.

Okwangoku akukho nkcaso phakathi komthetho eyakhayo zendalo, kuba kuqala lujoliswe ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu, ulawulo urhulumente ubudlelwane ezikhoyo eluntwini.

Ithiyori yomthetho zendalo contract lwentlalo ngokusondeleyo ezilala phezu kwezinye. Ngokutsho ingcamango yesivumelwano, abantu ukuvela karhulumente beningabakhululekileyo, banawo amalungelo mda. Ngokutsho othi "Kwi ngummi" Hobbes, abantu zikwimeko "impi yonke nxamnye bonke," njengokuba ngu zabo ngokwemvelo bayathanda ukwenza okubi kwabanye. I elide kwimo yendalo kwakungenakwenzeka, kuba oko kwakhokelela kwanokupheliswa efanayo. Ngoko ke, ukuze bazikhusele, banikela amanye amalungelo kurhulumente, engena kwikhontrakthi lwentlalo. amandla kaRhulumente sizalwa kwi mthetho awusebenzi, kwaye umthetho HIV wasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ngobulungisa.

Ukongeza amalungelo neemfanelo zomntu umthetho wendalo nazo ziquka yentlalo-qoqosho (umzekelo, inkululeko yonxulumano nemibutho karhulumente kunye namaqela ezopolitiko, ilungelo lokuba uluntu ekuhlaleni).

Kukho 3 concepts yemithombo yomthetho wemvelo. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, kwabonakala ngolwalathiso lobuthixo. Ingcamango yesibini yomthetho yendalo ebona umkhwa kunye ithuku labantu ziyaphila. Eyesithathu ukhetha njengomthombo ingqondo yomntu.

umthetho Natural isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko ilandelayo:

• Unelungelo lokuba emzimbeni self-preservation;
• le ukuba uxhomekeke kwi ingqiqo lakho, apho kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kugcinwe isidima nembeko;
• njengento okrelekrele, yena uyasebenza kwaye unelungelo lokuba isiphumo lo msebenzi;
• ngenxa yokuba abantu ziyafana, akukho namnye kubo amalungelo ngaphezulu;
• Abantu abathi amalungelo athile, baya kubaqonda kwaye abanye;
• ukukhusela amalungelo endalo imfuneko kumgaqo karhulumente.

Ithiyori kwemithetho yemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba isala ukwahlulwa kwabantu ngokweendidi, ukungalingani kwezentlalo. Abantu banamalungelo alinganayo ukukhuselwa ngumthetho. Nasiphi na ukuhlaselwa kuzo kufuneka atshutshiswe ngumthetho mthetho kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente.

Ithiyori kwemithetho yemvelo, ngaphandle ukudityaniswa siseko, kubonakala izenzo ezifana Declaration of Independence of eUnited States-1776, i-Bill of Rights Ngo1791, i-Declaration of the amalungelo nenkululeko ngummi eFransi, ka1789, ngokunjalo namanye amaxwebhu amaninzi asemthethweni.