Radiation Hawking: iimfihlelo ayisekho

Stiven Hoking - le yonke mkhulu yesayensi yemvelo ixesha lethu. Owazalwa ngo-1942, i-nzulu elizayo sele kule minyaka ingama-20 baqalisa ukuba wehlelwe ziingxaki zempilo. lateral sclerosis kuba nzima ngamandla imfundo kwi kwiSebe Physics theory e Oxford, Noko ke, akuzange kumthintele uStefano ukukhokela esebenzayo kakhulu, ezele iziganeko zobomi. Watshata ngo-1965, yaba lilungu le-Royal Society ngo-1974 Ngeli xesha sele intombi noonyana ababini. Ngowe-1985, i-nzulu wayeka ukuthetha. Namhlanje, yokuhamba emzimbeni wakhe lugciniwe enye kuphela imisipha yobuso esidleleni. Kwakubonakala ukuba ukugogeka ngokupheleleyo yaye umntu osisidenge, ogwetyiweyo. Noko ke, ngo-1995 utshata kwakhona, kwaye ngo-2007 ... endiza weightlessness.

On Earth, akukho mntu akanalo ukuhamba, ekwakumele ukuba ayehlala ngokupheleleyo ubomi kuluncedo kwaye unika umdla.

Kodwa loo nto bonke. enkulu Hawking yaba imfundiso imingxuma emnyama. "Imfundiso Hawking," njengoko bayityhilelweyo ngoku ekuthiwa, sele nezilungisiweyo iminyaka emininzi izimvo izazinzulu 'malunga imingxunya abamnyama iphela.

Ekuqaleni umsebenzi ingcamango yokufunda, ngathi abaninzi oogxa bakhe, yena ngelithi ukuba imingxunya abamnyama ngokusisigxina ukutshabalalisa yonke into yeyela kuzo. Olu indida lwazi ndayeka emkhosini ndaza izazinzulu kulo lonke ihlabathi. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba naziphi na iimpawu zezinto isithuba, ngaphandle kobunzima, akunjalo.

Ekubeni sele benza izifundo mingxuma abamnyama ngowe-1975, Hawking wafumanisa ukuba rhoqo ayikhuphi umsinga photons emajukujukwini kunye namanye amasuntswana nezakhiwo. Noko ke, nkqu inzululwazi ngokwakhe Wayeqinisekile ukuba "Hawking imitha" na random, engalindelekanga. Isazinzulu British ekuqaleni babecinga ukuba le radiation abaqhubeki naluphi na ulwazi.

Kodwa ke, umgangatho okhanyayo engqondweni - ukukwazi ukuba bathandabuze rhoqo. Hawking waqhubeka uphando kwaye wafumanisa ukuba komphunga imingxuma emnyama (oko kukuthi, i-radiation Hawking) na uhlobo quantum. Oku kwamenza ukuba agqibe ukuba ulwazi wavuka nakumngxuma emnyama ngaphandle kokuba zitshatyalaliswe waguqula. Ithiyori urhulumente emngxunyeni rhoqo, kuyinyaniso ukuba siqwalasele oko ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa physics non-quantum.

Ngenxa theory quantum, zidle izaliswe amasuntswana "enembonakalo yenyani" ukuba ayikhuphi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. ngamandla ophile iyahluka rhoqo. Xa kuba beqine kunene; ngqo kwi ongenawo elundini isiganeko (kumda) of BH ukuze azalwe ngababini yamasuntswana-antiparticle. Ukuba amandla bubonke yamasuntswana enye i-HIV, kwaye eyesibini - negative ukuba amasuntswana baye bawela emngxunyeni omnyama, baqalise ukuba siziphathe ngenye indlela eyahlukileyo. antiparticle okugwenxa uqala ukunciphisa amandla bonke BH, kwaye kwisuntswana ezintle uyabaleka yokungapheli.

Ngomhla yinxalenye yale nkqubo ikhangeleka ngathi komphunga, evela emngxunyeni omnyama. Yiyo le kwamanzi yaye ubizwa ngokuba 'Hawking radiation. " Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba le "komphunga" ulwazi egqwethekileyo uye ubushushu yayo, izixhobo ezibonakalayo, spectrum, lobushushu ethile.

Hawking radiation, ngokutsho ingcali yenzululwazi, kungqina ukuba yokuba asiyiyo yonke ingcaciso ilahlekile ekho ngonaphakade emngxunyeni omnyama. Uyaqiniseka ukuba physics quantum ebonisa nakwenzeka ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukulahleka kwengcaciso. Oku kuthetha ukuba ulwazi olunjalo, nangona ngendlela elungisiweyo, iqulethe Hawking radiation.

Ukuba izazinzulu ilungile, elidlulileyo kunye nekamva imingxuma emnyama kuso kwakunye kwimbali kwezinye iiplanethi.

Ngelishwa, oko ongakwamkeliyo ingcamango ithuba uhamba ixesha kweminye yonke usebenzisa imingxuma emnyama. Ukubakho Hawking radiation ingqina ukuba nasiphi na isixhobo oye emngxunyeni, wabuyela indalo yethu ngohlobo utshintsho ulwazi.

Ayizizo zonke izazinzulu ukwabelana iinkolelo yamachiza yaseBritani. Kodwa ke, nabo umngeni kubo ayilungiseki. Namhlanje lonke ihlabathi elindele iimpapasho ezintsha Hawking, apho wathembisa iinkcukacha khorwisaka nokuqinisekisa ukungabi naxanasi umhlaba wabo yezenzululwazi sakujika theory.

Okukhona ukuba izazinzulu baye bakwazi ukufumana Hawking radiation e-lab. Oku kwenzeka ngo-2010