Umthetho inertia. Ubunzima ekuchazeni iziganeko zemihla ngemihla

Ezinye iinkqubo kunye nesenzeko eziyelelene nathi, ngalo lonke ixesha malunga nohlobo kunye noonobangela apho thina nje bade bacinge ukuba, uviwo nzulu kunokuba mthombo ungaphelelwayo ulwazi ngemithetho kunye nemimiselo elawula ihlabathi liphela emzimbeni.

Kubonakala ukuba ukufana phakathi into ebambe emhlabeni, yaye angenzi rectilinear efanayo motion? Imithetho yokuhamba anomdla iinkcuba ezininzi mandulo. "Physics" Aristotle, imvelaphi yayo elandwa IV BC kwinkulungwane, iqulathe kwisigqibo malunga nohlobo njengomntwana onengqondo yamandulo yesiGrike lokuphumla motion. Phantse emva endleleni ezama ukucacisa le meko, yaye yenza kwisigqibo umdla kakhulu, ngomsebenzi "Mechanics 'yakhe elandelayo. Aristotle lishiywe ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "ingamampunge lungundoqo" waza wagqiba ukuba nayiphi na intshukumo kufuneka ibe nefuthe isigxina imixholo amandla ethile. Uveza ukuba le kokupheliswa imikhosi ifuthe kunye nentshukumo ime. Ngoko ke, lo njengomntwana onengqondo, linyathelo kude ekubeni bakwazi ukuchaza umthetho inertia, ndalandela indlela engalunganga.

Kwathatha amawaka amabini eminyaka yokucinga yabantu, ukubiza wathandabuza kwizigqibo Aristotle. yamachiza Italian sobulumko, zenjneli ngeenkwenkwezi UGalileo Galilei wafumana neentsilelo inzululwazi ngokusesikweni intshukumo unyango ngexesha Nature. umthetho kaGalileo ngayo inertia phantse ngokupheleleyo ingqinelana ingcaciso mihla, kodwa kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ingxelo yakhe kunye nobungqina nokusetyenziswa rhoqo uvavanyo ngenxa yokunqongophala iimeko efanelekileyo. Le lako sazi Italian eqhutywe ngokusekelwe nimana zobuqu, ngokulandela koko kwaye usebenzise indlela emzimbeni.

Ngoko ke, umthetho inertia cishe umntwana ka-UGalileo, nangona isetyenziswa yi inzululwazi yanamhlanje ekutolikweni cartesian. Enye ngokwemfanelo yemeko Italian lukhulu kubhekiswa yokuba intshukumo free kunokwenzeka kuphela kumgca othe ngqo, kodwa isangqa. Phantse kanye le ngqikelelo kube lula ukuchaza isindululo rotary yi inertia. Umthetho yolondolozo ye mzuzu inertia yi phambili ubhalo lwe iziphumo uGalileo.

Kamva, le eliNgesi Isaak Nyuton wadala inkqubo kwemithetho nezixhotyana. Wajika phezu umthetho inertia kwinkqubo nje wokuqala. Kodwa inzululwazi na ukuma ngxi - kuba nobomi inkqubo Newtonian liphindwa phantsi ukugxekwa yaye lizama nokuhlaziya postulates ebekwe phantsi kulo.

Zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, nto leyo iye yaba lixesha uhlaziyo olukhulu kwemithetho zemveli waphenjelelwa ukufunyanwa Einstein yenze izilungiso ezithile utoliko imithetho esisiseko ubucukubhede. Kodwa ngokoqobo, izibalo zobunjineli kunye noyilo kusetyenziso loomatshini ngoko kwizigqibo kunye neefomula wokulungisa zemveli isicelo ngoko.

Xa sisebenzisa ngokomsebenzi, umthetho inertia, xa abaqhuba ubalo eziyimfuneko ukwenza kweenkolelo ngeenkolelo. Ukuphumeza ubukho ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo inertial cishe akunakwenzeka. Amaxesha amaninzi xa izibalo lula ukwamkela njenge inkqubo non-inertial, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ukusebenzisa imithetho Newton. Ukuqwalasela nayiphi iyunithi xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo reference, kuba leyo sithatha imoto ngokwayo, singakwazi ukusebenzisa umthetho inertia, okoko nje moto zokubhala, okanye enambuzelayo ngokufanayo. Ngaphantsi ukukhawulezisa kunye elekhtrons, kwesi sakhelo of reference uphelelwa ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zayo inertial.

Umntu isho imizekelo emininzi xa kufuneka ukuze ufumane isiphumo iindlela elula ukuphulukana izinto, nangona ezifanelekileyo, kodwa musa kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo izigqibo zokugqibela. ubucukubhede Modern kakhulu ukuvumela inkululeko ezinjalo, kodwa izibalo oluchanileyo ngakumbi lifune kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezinye izinto ngenxa yokwaziswa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nezilungiso.