Moment of inertia. Ezinye iinkcukacha Mechanics Solid

Enye imigaqo esisiseko wenyama impefumlelwano eziqinileyo yi umthetho inertia, owasungulwa omkhulu Isaakom Nyutonom. Nalo le mbono esijamelana nazo phantse lonke ixesha, kuba inefuthe elikhulu kakhulu kwi zonke izinto eziphathekayo zeli hlabathi, kuquka abantu. Ngenxa yoko, loo ubuninzi emzimbeni, njengoko mzuzu inertia, kuhlangene umthetho zikhankanywe ngasentla, ukufumanisa amandla nexesha yegalelo laso phezu eziqinileyo.

Kweli qela ubucukubhede eziphathekayo, nayiphi na into ingachazwa (yengxoxo) inkqubo invariable kwaye yakhiwe ngokucacileyo amanqaku, umgama phakathi apho akawatshintshi ngokuxhomekeke umlinganiswa sesindululo yabo. Le ndlela yenza ukubala ngqo ngu ifomula inertia ezizodwa kakhulu konke okuqinileyo. Enye ezincinane umdla apha kukuba naliphi entsonkothileyo ukuba unalo kakhulu entsonkothileyo umendo, intshukumo angamelwa njenge iseti iintshukumo elula isithuba: ejikelezayo kunye translational. Kwakhona zesayensi ubomi lula kakhulu ekubaleni ixabiso emzimbeni.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na lo mzuzu inertia yaye yintoni na impembelelo yayo ihlabathi elisingqongileyo ulula umzekelo elirhabaxa utshintsho isantya isithuthi lwabakhweli (unyathela). Kulo mzekelo, imilenze bemi umkhweli ukukhuhlana phantsi ukuba kumlukuhla. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo kwi nayiphi impembelelo aziyi ezinikezelwa umzimba kunye nentloko, ukuze ixesha elithile uya kuqhubeka eshukumisa nesantya efanayo kwangaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, umkhweli ukuba ndayame phambili okanye bawe. Ngamanye amazwi, lo mzuzu inertia yomlenze, bungacinywa yi zochuku nxamnye emgangathweni, uya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunezinye iingongoma lomzimba. Ipatheni eyahlukileyo yabonakala kunye nokwanda okukhulu isantya ibhasi okanye imoto tram.

Lo mzuzu inertia inokuchazwa ubuninzi emzimbeni, lingana ne ukuya isixa imveliso izihlwele nezakhiwo (ezo ngamachaphaza awodwa Solid) yi kwisikweri lomgama kwabo esqwini ujikelezo. Ukusuka kule nkcazelo kulandela ukuba olu phawu yi ubungakanani additive. Ngamafutshane, umzimba mzuzu eziphathekayo inertia elilingana isixa iinxalenye zayo efanayo iparameters: J = J ₁ + J ₂ + J + ₃ ...

Esi salathisi ukuze imizimba geometry ezintsonkothileyo, nto ngokomfuniselo uzimisele. Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo ngokwasemzimbeni iparameters ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kuquka lexinene into, esenokuba non-uniform kwiindawo zayo ezahlukeneyo, ukudala ekuthiwa umahluko mass inxalenye ahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Ngako oko, iifomyula eziqhelekileyo kodwa ezifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, lo mzuzu inertia le ring oyi ethile nokuxinana efanayo, ukuba umgca ukujikeleza ugqithayo kuwo kwiziko layo, kungaba ibalwe kusetyenziswa le ndlela ilandelayo: J = MR ^2. Kodwa ngale ndlela akuyi kusebenza ukubala eli xabiso, ukuba azisongele, zonke iindawo apho ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo.

A mzuzu inertia ye sphere eqinileyo kunye nesakhiwo yohlobo olunye nga ibalwa ifomula: J = 2 / 5mR ^2. Kubalo isalathisi imizimba xa kuthelekiswa ezimbini ezinxuseneyo ukujikeleza ngezixengxe kwifomula i parameter olongezelelweyo - umgama phakathi nezamazembe, zibonakaliswe yi unobumba a. I-axis lwesibini ujikelezo luchazwa elinonobumba L. Umzekelo, ifomula lungaluhlobo ilandelayo: J = L + ^ma-2.

imifuniselo ngenyameko kwi isiphakamiso inertial lwemizimba ngokuzibandakanya kwabo okokuqala kwenziwa yi UGalileo ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, kwiinkulungwane elinesithandathu kwaye elinesixhenxe. Basivumela sisazinzulu enkulu, ke ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe, ukuseka umthetho esisiseko ekulondolozweni imizimba karhulumente ukuphumla okanye isindululo rectilinear kuthelekiswa emhlabeni ukungabikho kuyiwe kwezinye imizimba. Umthetho inertia linyathelo lokuqala ekusekeni imigaqo esisiseko wenyama ukukhanda, ngoxa ngendlela engacacanga, olungaqondakaliyo kunye mfiliba. Newton koko abaseke imithetho jikelele yokuhamba kwemizimba, kubandakanywa inombolo yabo umthetho inertia.