Isakhiwo yokwakheka le sezintso kunye nephron

Womchamo, umntu inika kukhuthaza umphutha nitrogen iveliswe kwinkqubo ukutya, kunye ulwelo, olawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, umthamo wegazi, ukulungelelana asidi-isiseko kunye nokulinganisela electrolyte. amalungu Central yenkqubo wokuchama ke nezintso.

Cinga isakhiwo lo sezintso. Izintso elise symmetrically kumacala omabini yomqolo kwinqanaba nesifuba XII I-II vertebra empontshwa, retroperitoneal, engqongwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze inyama ngamanqatha. Nganye sezintso ukwahlula imiphezulu ngaphambili nangasemva, izibonda ephezulu nesezantsi, kwicala osecaleni medial. Ngamasango kuwo kidney ingena kwaye ushiya esiqhumeni neurovascular. Ilungelo kidney ibekwe ngezantsi kancinane ekhohlo, nto leyo ehambisana ne esibindini ibekwe ngasentla. Kidney Isakhiwo kuvumela intshukumo encinane endaweni nkqo. Indawo izintso kuxhomekeke kuhlobo siseko oluntu (hypersthenic, asthenic okanye normosthenic). Kidney Gate flow kungena isinqe kwezintso, iikomityi ezinkulu nezincinane, apho iincopho iiphiramidi sezintso kwi ngohlobo papillae. Phezu komhlaba papilla inomngxuma encinane apho umchamo kukhululwa.

isakhiwo kidney yangaphakathi kunokuba nzima. Nephron - basic unit noshowo kwi kidney, enika umsebenzi wabo. Inani nephrons kuzo zombini izintso ngu 3-4 million. Le nephron ubunjwe glomeruli semithambo, tubules sezintso kunye njengezingxobo.

Ubume sezintso kunye nephron

Kukho iindidi ezimbini nephrons - zikhe okanye cortical, zinzulu okanye juxtaglomerular. Le glomeruli juxtaglomerular yi ndzhendzheleko elide Henle, leyo iphela papilla kwezintso. endothelium capillary glomerular wayifulela pores apho lomchamo ultrafiltration. Emithanjeni babe glomeruli ongaphantsi ndizayo. iiseli Epithelial zifana pads nge spikes egubungela ngaphandle capillary. Iinkqubo zakha inwebu elingaphantsi, oko unendima ebalulekileyo kwezinye ukuhluza umchamo kunye nemisebenzi zezintso.

glomerulus kwakhiwa emithanjeni sezintso semithambo, ezo ezahlulwe ibangela iimpahla iplagi arterioles capillary nezasesekondari tubule supply grid. Izixhobo juxtaglomerular swi iiseli ezizodwa ukuvelisa renin. Le nto iye ubesoloko ethatha inxaxcheba ephambili ukugcinwa kwamanqanaba uxinzelelo lwegazi. Uninzi tubule ibekwe kwi Medulla of kwizintso. Ngenxa yokuba isitya kuchitha ayemxinwa kakhulu leyo ekhokelela, kwi glomeruli, a xi eliphezulu (60 mm HG) nocococ kwenzeka kulo lonke igazi aqukuqelayo. Inxalenye yokuqala yale tubule Iifomu philisi glomerular malunga Shymlanskaya-Bowman. A ibhola capsule ebizwa corpuscle kwezintso okanye Malpighian.

tubule wokuchama has isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. amacandelo ngqo tubules, loop ka Henle kunye ityhubhu sbornve wokuchama ibekwe kwi Medulla, kwemicimbi amacandelo tubular ibekwe elikufutshane glomeruli kunye nefom nabo kidney uthinte.

Kidney Isakhiwo uqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo okuqhubekayo. Kule nxalenye imisebenzi glomerular, enye - loo nto kwi ukuphumla. Lonke igazi leyo emzimbeni womntu, ujikeleze lonke izintso kwisithuba ngeyure enye. Kuba Sutoki udlula nezintso 1500-2000 iilitha igazi. Composite izinto umchamo becala kuwa egazini kwezintso, kodwa amanye akhiwa ngqo kwi kidney, umz, ammonia kunye gipurovaya acid.

Siye kwakhona ubume izintso - i-organ ephambili yenkqubo wokuchama, ukubonelela kukhuthaza iimveliso pathways neencindi agqithisileyo, kwakunye elawula homeostasis lwangaphakathi emzimbeni womntu.