Umthetho Natural kunye nesidima sobuntu

umthetho Natural - le yenye iikhonsepthi zindala malunga apho "ayaphula umkhonto" abezopolitiko, amagqwetha kunye zobulumko, yaye lo mbuzo uvuliwe. Nangona ukuba bakhuphele uphuhliso mbono, siyabona ukuba, nangona kweelana lotshaba, yena phantse waphumelela umda bezomthetho ngamazwe. Okokuqala, oko lelikhethekileyo ngokuba yaba emva lidala kangakanani, yaye mhlawumbi ngaphambili, kodwa waqonda ukuba imfundiso eyodwa yaba kakhulu kamva. Okokugqibela, le New Age, yaba ngomnye iingcamango ezimbini welinye kwinkalo nomthetho.

Nangona ekuqondeni ukuba ezinye izakhiwo zinikwa ukuba umntu ngendalo, ngokwenene abunjwe ekuqaleni kakhulu eGrisi yamandulo, yayisebenza ileta ebhaliweyo echaza isizathu yobukhoboka, kuba nkqu Aristotle omkhulu wayekholelwa ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwabantu bangamakhoboka ngokwemvelo, yaye ngoba abanye unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba azalwe free, kufuneka uphathe. Ancient bewenza baseRoma bobabo ingcamango "ngomthetho wemvelo '(okanye jus naturale), kodwa inkcazelo yayo abazange ukuya nokuqiqa ngakumbi abstract kakhulu. In the Ages Aphakathi ukudibanisa ithiyori imigangatho zendalo kaThixo, yaye ke ngoko eli gama kwaqala ukusebenzisa kuqala izazinzulu, canonists, ophuhlisa izithethe nomthetho neecawa, ngokufuthi ngokusekelwe sokucinga zezopolitiko.

Kwelinye icala, kwizicatshulwa ezahlukeneyo engcwele okanye wentsomi okanye ngamazwi yokuziphatha ochazwa uncwadi okanye iintsomi, ngokuthe ngcembe iinjongo ezithile malunga nokuba yintoni na inyaniso, ubulungisa, ukulingana, njalo-njalo. Nabo, kakhulu, bendiqonda uhlobo umthetho zendalo, njengoko umlinganiselo umntu kufuneka aziphathe yaye oko kuthetha isidima ntoni ngayo. ixesha New kwaba ngokungathi yempela mbono, yaye wathi ukuba kukho izinto ezicacileyo, aba bantu ngemvelo - oko ubomi, inkululeko, ukulingana - eziphethwe ngakubo ubunyani yokuzalwa. izimvo bulumko, ndivuka kukhusela inyaniso, wabeka phambili Gugo Grotsiem kunye iinkcuba ezininzi yiEnlightenment, ngokukodwa, Holbach kunye Rousseau.

umthetho Natural njengoko umgaqo ebigciniwe kuwiso-mthetho, ezifana revolution Declaration French ka1789 kwi "amalungelo ezingcwele zendalo" okanye American Declaration of Independence. Nangona oko kufuneka kucaciswe ukuba abalweli isiFrentshi, ukubhala itekisi sublime inkululeko kwenye kwaye ukulingana, abafazi yagqiba ukuba kamva sibangele ukuba kubekho intshukumo yeentshukumo yabafazi lufane. Oku kubalulekile kakhulu kuphuhliso mbono, kuba abaninzi kwabo baba isikhundla amalungelo athile ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobuntu, xa kusenziwa, xa sisebenzisana kunye noluntu apho amaqela ahlukeneyo abantu babe nomdla esahlukileyo, egwetyelwe yena kanye loo mithetho ezikhusela amagunya amaqela alawula kunye neeklasi. Ngoko ke, kwinkulungwane XIX, xa lo ukuqonda isakhiwo abantu yenzeke, kokwemvelo ingqikelelo komthetho HIV baqalisa ukujongana ngokukhululekileyo omnye komnye.

Kuyikhusela nemigangatho eziphambili kunye neenjongo nemithetho 'yendalo', zobulumko babedla kusekelwe kwingcamango okulungileyo asilunganga. umthetho Natural kokubini weklasiki kwaye ngengqiqo mihla yiseti kweentlobo ezifana sempahla ayikwazi kungancitshiswa ukuya kwenye okanye ezinye izinto. Life, isidima, sociality, inkululeko, kunye nezinye izinto ezinjalo, kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha kufuneka zinikwe umntu entsonkothileyo, ukuze iphile, ukuba zikhona. Umntu ndingayenzi ngenxa komnye, kangangokuba "ukusebenza" kuphela kumanqaku ewonke afunyenwe ngumviwa. Abakwazi kususwa sisohlwayo okanye bayeke nayiphi na kuzo. Kuphela kuhle ukuzuzeka. theory Positive isekelwe kwi "inzuzo", oko kukuthi, kwingcamango ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuncama okuthile okukhulu olungileyo, okanye into ethile ukuba ulonwabo eqhelekileyo.

Ngenxa yoko ingqiqo apho amalungelo endalo womntu, oko kukuthi, imfundiso yamagunya anikwe kwasekuzalweni. Akukho amandla wamnika amalungelo yena kubo akukho namnye unyanzelekile kwaye abazange ukuba ukubulela kum. Ngaphezu koko, akukho urhulumente okanye inkokheli yeqela okanye iqela labantu abakwazi ukuthatha nanye kwezi amathuba, nkqu ndlela lwentando yesininzi. Ukwahlukana amalungelo onjalo ngokusemthethweni ukuchazwa kuphela nje kophulwa yabo recovery efuna. Enyanisweni, umthombo la magunya zendalo ilele ingqikelelo kwisidima ngisho Jean-Zhak Russo, ngenxa yokuba loo mhlaba ayikho ngolo hlobo, apho ikhona kwi abantu yaye akukho omnye komnye, kwaye isici onke amalungu uluntu, iimpawu zentlalo.