Emnye-uSergiyo entlango: ifoto, izakhiwo. Yintoni Emnye-uSergiyo Pawulos entlango?

An lesikhumbuzo ebalaseleyo kwimbali Russian - Emnye-uSergiyo entlango (Russian bokwakha elingumfanekiso) - urhulumente ezikhuselweyo namhlanje. Noko ke, woonongendi kwafuneka ukuba aye kuloo maxesha anzima, ngenxa apho ezinye izakhiwo balahleka nobutyobo. Namhlanje wonke ummi Russia uyazi ukuba ikhangeleka ngathi Emnye-uSergiyo entlango. It is a ubutyebi yokwenene yenkcubeko Russian, yaye ufanele ukwazi ngayo yonke Russian.

kusekelwa woonongendi

Ngowe-1734, i-Russian uKumkanikazi Anna Ivanovna wagqiba ukuthumela ilizwe neekhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka Petersburg, leyo ngaphambili kwaku nolwandle villa le neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Mecklenburg-Schwerin, udade amakhulu uKumkanikazi, confessor yakhe. Archimandrite kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery Varlaam wayefuna ukuba yedwa, kuba nje yabagula ngengqondo kwaye ebezinqwenelwa nomhlaba omtsha. Oku yindlela Emnye-uSergiyo entlango, egameni woonongendi, abefudula waba Barlaam. Igama elithi "ntlango" lithetha "indawo wedwa, kude," kamva "monastery". Barlaam wafumana imvume sifudukele kwikhaya elitsha ibandla elincinane oqingqiweyo ka Kwingcingane ungowokubongwa Virgin uMariya kwilifa seKumkanikazi Praskovya Feodorovna. Yaba ibandla lokuqala woonongendi, leyo zingcwaliselwe imbeko St. uSergiyo of Radonezh Meyi 2, 1735. Iintlango, ngalo igunya umphathi, babawa ngokukhawuleza ethandwa, ubunzima bayo kubomi yonqulo St. Petersburg yanda ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iminyaka 30 eMonastri ubudala yindawo encinane esekusithekeni kufutshane Gulf of Finland.

i bemilingo

Phantsi Elizabeth, Emnye-uSergiyo entlango kuthatha phezu isimo esitsha. UKumkanikazi ligqibe kwelokuba libekele phezu ngokususela cloister weemonki "bumnandi" kwaye ukuthatha iqela lamanyathelo ukuba benze njalo. Ntombi uPeter Omkhulu wayethanda ukwakha, ebukumkanini bakhe Petersburg Ufumene kwezakhiwo ufanelwe: Winter Palace, lo Cathedral le Smolny Monastery, Grand Peterhof Palace, Tsarskoye Selo isigodlo esikhulu.

Ndandizimisele ukuba siguqule Emnye-uSergiyo entlango, ukuba athe waziva awuyicingi: emagumbini ye woonongendi yena elinde kwisiphumo lika sibi neyaziwa inkonzo lokuqala imbeko nesiphelo elivuyisayo esi siganeko, Elizaveta Petrovna luqala kwakhiwa. imiyalelo uKumkanikazi lomhleli PA Iprojekthi Trezzini Holy Trinity Cathedral. Lomhleli wakha phezu idrafti yokuqala ye Smolny Convent Rastrelli kwaye uyila umfanekiso omtsha yetempile elizayo.

Ngowe-1756, le yecawa iqale ukwakha, ngoko ukwakha 1758 ibandla St. uSergiyo of Radonezh, iiseli ilitye kwakhelwa neemonki, neenqaba abalindi iindonga. Ngowe-1764, Emnye-uSergiyo ezinkqantosini Strelna ufumana ukuzimela, akusekho ilawulwe Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra, woonongendi umi kwentloko yakhe Archimandrite wakhe. Kodwa Elizabeth akazange abone le yenguqu oyithandayo intlango, nto leyo eza hayi xesha yimpumelelo. Archimandrite isikhundla badla okuhlala ngabantu abatsha nje abanalo ixesha lokwenza into ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso entlango.

Kuphela ngo-1834 yaqalisa isithuba nempumelelo kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Pawulos entlango. Xa intloko woonongendi kukho umntu umdla kakhulu - Ignatius Bryanchaninov, owaphumelela okhanyayo yesikolo zobunjineli, imbongi eyomeleleyo, igosa lakomkhulu, owashiya ubomi umdla kwezentlalo Banika isandla sabo egameni nempumelelo weemonki. Nicholas I wamnika umnqophiso - ukwenza kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo ipatheni ayinkqantosi zonke nezigodlo. Amabini eminyaka umphathi ityhobozela kule njongo, yaye yena kakhulu kungenzeka.

Omnye weendwendwe rhoqo woonongendi yaba umlawuli ngokwakhe, ababesoloko wacela iingcebiso kunye intsikelelo ka Archimandrite. Ignatius wabeka imithetho amahle olungqongqo woonongendi, ngokudala uluhlu uhlobo Optina. ilandela lakhe Ignatius Malyshev kwiminyaka engama-40 ezayo waqhubeka nomsebenzi kuphuhliso kunye nokomelezwa woonongendi. Ngeli xesha, Emnye-uSergiyo entlango ifoto ukuba namhlanje adlulisela kuphela inxalenye ngobukhulu bawo, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezitsha: amabandla, izakhiwo zokuhlala, izakhiwo ifama, ithala leencwadi, nto leyo eye iincwadi ezingaphezulu kwama-6000. Woonongendi uba isixeko esincinane real, wavula izikolo ezininzi, ikhaya lokonga, isibhedlele ngenxa kwihotele amahlwempu. Waye wajoyina licandelo 50 isishumi, apho iimonki kulinywa izityalo, imifuno. Emnye-uSergiyo intlango ibe ndawo zindala kwaye igunya, eze apha ukuze athandaze ukwazi emangcwabeni yayo waphumla abantu abaninzi abadumileyo kunye nabantu abadumileyo.

Le umphathi yokugqibela woonongendi uSergiyo Pawulos uyise yokomoya Grand Duke nguDmitry kunye uKonstantin Romanov. Phambi kokuba revolution, woonongendi wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bokomoya karhulumente, yaba liziko ephawulekayo kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho.

iminyaka Wolahleko

Yonke into yatshintsha emva revolution. Ngowe-1919, i-looNongendi kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo entlango lavalwa, nangona nkonzo uye waqhubeka kangangexesha elithile. Kwindawo engundoqo ye lendela abathinjiweyo, ezinye wahlala Thethani yabasebenzi bendawo. impahla isigodlo kwaba nobudlova ngo-1921 kwiBolsheviks shot Utyhila Umphathi St. uSergiyo. Ngowe-1931, kukho wavula isikolo yoqeqesho yasemkhosini. Ngexesha lemfazwe izakhiwo woonongendi wabandezeleka kakhulu ngexesha neziqhushumbisi. Kodwa isiqalo eyayinzima yayikwiminyaka eli-60. Ngowe-1962, i-oyiNgcwele Emnye Cathedral, wadamba ukuba ilitye lesikhumbuzo sachithwa. Church of kuMoses, lo Virgin oyiNgcwele yasha ngo-1964, xa ukuphakama iphulo Khrushchev kaThixo antireligious. Ngowe-1968 wonakaliswe ibandla yoVuko.

isigodlo namhlanje

Ngowe-1993, Emnye-uSergiyo entlango photo ngelo xesha ibe emehlweni nemfesane kakhulu, yanikwa kwiCawa yobuOthodoki. Waye waqala umsebenzi wokubuyisela lendela woonongendi izinziswe kwakhona. Xa ibandla Sergiya Radonezhskogo kuqhutywa iinkonzo rhoqo, buyisela emangcwabeni nobunzi- sokubuyiselwa bawatshabalalisa izakhiwo lokusinda. Ithe iphupho wakha ukubuyisela abalahlekileyo, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bengekafiki izandla, umsebenzi woonongendi zininzi. Sekunjalo, uBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo entlango, sesakhiwo apho engagqibekanga ugcinwe nanamhlanje kuchaphazela isakhono kunye netalente nabayili bezakhiwo, nowanelisayo iliso kumaziko abo undwendwe.

Le complex yezakhiwo

Indlela yokwakha omqwebedu inokuchazwa njenge izakhiwo yemveli Russian bafaniswe. Izakhiwo woonongendi idibanisa izimiso emisiweyo lwezakhiwo kunye neengcinga ezintsha. Xa uyila eMonastri ezazisetyenziswa ulungiselelo lokucwangcisa zoqobo, xa embindini ubume uyitempile engundoqo kunye nobakhe kuyo, yaye sele libekwa ezinye isakhiwo. Isakhiwo ephambili intsimi lwenzeka kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19. Apha ungabona amasuntswana eclecticism, leyo ezifanelekileyo nakubugcisa Russian kanye zaseYurophu ixesha. Kwakhona ukuba izakhiwo woonongendi luphawulwa ubukho iintshukumisa Russian.

Emnye-uSergiyo intlango kwakungomnye ngezakhiwo nto leyo umzekelo wokusetyenziswa iinjongo zesizwe bokwakha etempileni, sakhiwa njengoko eMonastri Russian, oko kwakufuneka ukuthetha imbonakalo yecawa nazo zonke izakhiwo. Imilo yokugqibela cloister kwabunjwa yi kwikota yokugqibela yenkulungwane ye-19, isakhiwo kuquka izakhiwo ngaphezu kwe-10 Imikhosi nezakhiwo ezininzi kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Esebenza ngayo abaninzi nabayili dumeke. P. Trezzini wadala projekthi kaBathathu Emnye Cathedral kwaye uceba indawo iprojekthi yophuhliso, Luidzhi Ruska wakha emakhaya, AM Weasels zakhiwe bambongozayo noMsindisi Chapel, wasebenza kwiiprojekthi Church of kuMoses, kunye Grigoriya Bogoslova, yi Rastrelli wakha iiseli emishini. Ezibaluleke kakhulu yaba emangcwabeni weemonki, apho kungcwatywa oonyana abaninzi adumileyo eRashiya, ngoku ngokuthe Nokubuyiselwa imbonakalo yayo yembali.

Temple of Saint uSergiyo

Emnye-uSergiyo intlango ekuqaleni yakhelwe ijikeleze ibandla iSt uSergiyo of Radonezh. Itempile yokuqala eyenziwe ngomthi, oko bafuduka St Petersburg. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 endaweni yayo wamisa le yecawa ilitye yokuqala, nto leyo 1854 yakhiwe kwakhona kakhulu. Lomhleli Gornostaev wakha ibandla kwi isimbo yaseByzantium, kunye izahluko ezintlanu enzelwe ezimbini: uKristu uMsindisi kwingcwaba Martyr Zenaida Apraksins kunye amangcwaba Yusupov. Large itempile ezinemigangatho emibini inokuthatha ukuya ku amawaka 2 abantu, ukuba ihonjiswe ngezayo iiwindow iiglasi nebala kwi indlela Romanesque. Le iconostasis ke ezihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo kunye semiprecious, umgangatho kaMoses kwenziwa ngokungqinelana kumzobo womzobi. Le ndlu yecawa wasinda onke amaxesha anzima kwaye iyaqhubeka ukusebenza namhlanje.

Architecture Trinity Monastery

Emnye Monastery yaba intliziyo weemonki. Yasungulwa ngo-1756, imisebenzi kweliso wezakhiwo P. Trezzini. Le Cathedral-angqukuva ezintlanu ilitye kwakhiwa emi-4. Temple abebehamba osisityebi langaphakathi: sistucco, esekelwe kunye imizobo, omninzi ukukhanya - konke oku kwenziwa imvo nangokubhiyoza. A itempile elincinane, kukho umthamo 600 abantu, betha nje i imbono gorgeous. It Trezzini kuthwelwe eyona izakhiwo yobuciko. Iinkcukacha ezininzi, sistucco, ezintlanu lathamba amalungiselelo uphahla itempile Troff wenza emikhosini ntofontofo. Uye waba benchmark kulwakhiwo amabandla lonke Russia ngeminyaka njengoko 20.

Temple unxibelelwano. ukholo Valerian

Emnye-uSergiyo intlango yaba yokusabela lokugqibela amadoda amakhulu amaninzi, omnye wabo Graf Valerian Zubov, i umphathi obalaseleyo, umnqobi Derbent. Endaweni yetempile yakhe mibini yokungcwaba kunye ose- kwi isimbo uBukhosi yakhiwe. Esi sakhiwo ine imilo rotunda engaqhelekanga, apho iqhele a iconostasis omise. Isakhiwo imbaxa eyodwa nendlu abakhubazekileyo. Kude kube namhlanje, ulwakhiwo walondoloza, kodwa ngendlela egqwethekileyo kakhulu ngenxa rearrangements-40 zenkulungwane yama-20, xa kwaku ekusetyenzwa nzima.

Church of kuMoses, lo Virgin Holy

yayakhelwe Intlango Bulelani abathengi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, njengoko uyitempile Virgin Ongcwele isakhiwo, ngokomyalelo Prince Kochubey imbeko umfazi wakhe ongasekhoyo. Le projekthi wadala a Cathedral R. Kuzmin, kule minyaka 1859-1863 ngokutsha ize izaliswe uHarald Bosse. A itempile encinane kodwa ophezulu kakhulu zakhiwe isimbo Renaissance, uMenzi imbonakalo ngembali woonongendi. Esi sakhiwo wajongana ngamatye gray evela Scotland kwaye kusikhumbuza kakhulu Florence Cathedral. Icawa yatshatyalaliswa ngowama-1964.

itempile Grigorievsky

Church of St. Grigoriya Bogoslova yakhiwa yinkundla wezakhiwo Alexander II AM kwiminyaka 1855-1857 Shtakenshnejdera. Oku ngokusisigxina kulo isimbo Russian-aseByzantium nelilelona gumbi encinane kwibhanka iconostasis, ebhalwe kwisiqalo yegolide, kwaye naziiperile ingcwaba imhlophe ekuhleni kwigrafu G. Kushelev. Emnye-uSergiyo entlango ngoku ukusebenza ekubuyiselweni umhombiso Kumbindi etempileni, nto leyo iye yagcinwa ngendlela kuguquka, kodwa akenzi.

Church yoVuko

Petersburg Monastery zintathu-uSergiyo entlango bekusoloko ungumthombo ngumoya Russian. Esi sakhiwo kakhulu 'Russian' inokuba kubizwa ibandla hip yoVuko kaKristu. Yakhiwa 1877-1880 abaphantsi kweprojekthi ye A. Parland, umbhali adumileyo Cathedral boMsindisi Igazi elichithwayo eSt Petersburg. Olungaphambili izitena ezinemibala, iifestile zeglasi anegazi, uBharnabhas-isiqabu namanani abangcwele Russian - konke oku kwenza i Uvuko Cathedral ifana yokudlala elihle. Embindini isilivere, abomvu, ubhedu nayo wabulala yobuhlakani. Ngowe-1968 ibandla yasha.