Ingcamango kwinkcubeko: lweziko lombutho

Inkcubeko ibandakanya iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu. Ngoko ke, isigama inkcubeko maxa wambi kangaka ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nentsingiselo yalo ayafumaneka ezahlukeneyo eziliqela. Ngenxa yobubanzi yokuqonda kwekota kukho imiba impikiswano, efana: Ingaba kukho umahluko phakathi kwenkcubeko yembumba nenkcubeko lombutho? Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Inkcubeko - ukutyhilwa kwale kota.

Ingcamango inkcubeko yavela ngo-160 BC. e. kwi imbali yezolimo yaseCato Elder, umbhali-mbali kunye laseburhulumenteni waseRoma Ancient. Ukwahlula phakathi kwamasiko nenkolo ezinxulumene iimpawu zomntu ezikhathazayo. Lo gama evakalayo ngokuxhomekeka kwimiba eliqela iinkcazelo ezikhoyo zenzululwazi nentanda-bulumko. Umzekelo, kukho iingxelo malunga nemo isifundo nenkcubeko: "neNkcubeko - Kukuqonda xa kusenziwa le ngokomoya kunye neemfundiso zabantu." In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia Culture ucacisa indlela ekhoyo kwi ethile kwisigaba yembali, inqanaba lophuhliso loluntu kunye nentlalo, kuboniswe iintlobo zemisebenzi yoluntu kunye umbutho ubomi babo, kwakunye wadala eyiyeyabantu izinto zokomoya. In Lotman ngayo ingqiqo inkcubeko ibandakanya isethi ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha kwabantu, nto leyo njengelifa zemfuza. Daniel Andreev ukuthini inkcubeko zonke iimpahla zabantu ezikhoyo zokudala. Ekutolikweni mihla inkcubeko lwamaxabiso ukwahlula wokuhlangana imisebenzi babantu ngaphakathi iinkqubo ezithile zentlalo zibonwa ezixabisekileyo. ukuhlanganiswa yabo uphawu liqela loluntu kunye nesiseko sayo ngokomoya.

Ingcamango imigaqo "inkcubeko yequmrhu" kunye "nenkcubeko lombutho"

Uphando oluqhubayo, injongo kukuba ukufunda ubomi bemibutho, balawula ingqiqo ezimbini "inkcubeko yequmrhu" kunye "nenkcubeko lombutho", phantse besebenzisa nabo ntonye. Ngu lo mbono kufika abaphandi zasekhaya V. A. Spivak, OS Vihanovsky kunye nabanye.

Kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwecandelo kunye corporate. We T. Yu. Bazarova kukholelwa ukuba phantsi kwecandelo kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu ngokubanzi yombutho, leyo iquka ixabiso layo, kohlolo lwentsebenzo, indlela yokuziphatha, iimbono malunga ngenjongo yokuba loo mbutho, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nempendulo iinketho. Kwakhona uchaza inkcubeko yequmrhu njengoko uqikelelo unsubstantiated buthathwa iseti oluxandileyo, yamnkelwe onke amalungu ombutho yabanjwa isakhelo kwaye icwangcisa indlela yokuziphatha ukuba inxalenye ngcono yentlangano. Ngenxa yoko, isigama inkcubeko yequmrhu kuquka neseti lwamaxabiso kunye zokuziphatha, ngamnye kumbutho ngamnye ethile. AA Maksimenko izama iimFunda ayibandlululi phakathi kwecandelo kunye yenkampani kubungakanani mbutho, kodwa ayikhankanyi ukuba yintoni na inani labasebenzi kuzo zombini ezi meko.

Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, isigama inkcubeko lombutho jikelele ngakumbi ngokuphathelele kwi "inkampani", kuba asingabo bonke umbutho inokuba corporation. Ukuba igama elithi "inkampani" libhekisela inkcubeko umsebenzi, ngoko ke kuya kuquka iinqobo kunye nezithethe abasebenzi abaqeshwe kwindawo ethile kwaye kusebenza njengesiseko ekuqondeni uxanduva lwentlalo kunye nokubaluleka kuye. Ngoku ndingayitolika i "inkcubeko yequmrhu" njenge gama ehlangeneyo, eshwankathela inkcubeko lombutho kwamashishini, nto leyo bekwi kwintsimi enye yomsebenzi.

Ukuzama ukwahlula la magama mabini, sinokugqiba ukuba ingqikelelo kwenkcubeko, kubandakanywa besebe, ivela njenge esibanzi, yenzelwe ukubonisa imisebenzi lweshishini nemibutho yabasebenzi (umbutho), ukuyilwa i "iqela", ukuveliswa njengohlobo omnye umsebenzi wabo bonke abasebenzi. A inkcubeko yobambiswano ngokweenkcukacha ihlanganisa imisebenzi eli qela, kwaye ulilungu le-bulumko, imilinganiselo, izithethe yokuziphatha, izithethe zokuziphatha, leyo akhiwa entlanganweni.