Ozone - a blue igesi. Iimpawu kunye nokusebenzisa igesi. Ozone emoyeni

Ozone - a igesi. Ngokungafaniyo nabanye abaninzi, akakho selubala, kwaye umbala kunye nevumba. Kuyinto isipho atmosfera yethu yaye enye yeencindi ibalulekileyo. Yintoni lexinene ozone, ubunzima bayo kunye nezinye izakhiwo? Yintoni indima yayo kubomi emhlabeni?

igesi blue

Imichiza ozone isihlalo kwi lwezakhi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ibingelilo ilungu. Ozone - it ukuguqulwa allotropic okanye ukutshintshwa kwe-oksijini. Njengoko e D2, molecule wayo kuphela oksijini kodwa hayi ababini, kodwa ezintathu. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ngathi ifomula imichiza O3.

igesi Ozone siluhlaza. It has a ivumba kakuhle oqaphelekayo ezinevumba, sifunda chlorine, ukuba xi iphezulu kakhulu. Ngaba uyalikhumbula ivumba amathayara imvula? Nguwo lo ozone. Ngenxa kule propati, waza ke igama layo; ngokuba ulwimi lesiGrike "Ozone" yamandulo - i "nevumba".

Gas molecule atom polar kulo oxhulumene kwi-engile 116,78 °. Ozone iveliswa xa molecule O2 iqhotyoshelwe a mpilo. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha reactions ezahlukeneyo, ezifana igcwala phosphorus, ngobhobhozo zombane okanye yokubola peroxides apho atom mpilo kunye isusiwe.

iimpawu ozone

Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kukho ozone kwi igesi kokuba ubunzima beemolekyuli malunga 48 g / Mol. Nguye diamagnetic, ukuba angabi nako leleka umazibuthe, kanye njengokuba isilivere, negolide okanye nitrogen. ozone konga 2,1445 g / dm³.

Xa urhulumente eziqinileyo ozone uba blue-emnyama, ulwelo - umbala indigo kufutshane purple. Ukupheka ingongoma kule meko degrees 111,8 Celsius. Kubushushu degrees zero oko enyibilikayo emanzini (kuphela nyulu) izihlandlo ezilishumi ioksijini ngcono. Oku ixutywe kakuhle engamanzi methane, initrogen, fluorine, argon, phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunye ne-oksijini.

Phantsi yesenzo eziliqela ehlanganisa ngokulula oxidized, lo gama ngokugxininisa athom mpilo. Ukuxhuma kunye naye, yena ngoko nangoko ephakamayo. Ubuncwane ekwaziyo oxidizing phantse zonke iintsimbi. Abazi Azifumaneki wesenzo kuphela platinum kunye negolide. Ubhubhisa olune ezahlukeneyo organic kunye enuka kamnandi. Emva wadibana ammonia yenza nayitrayithi Ammonium, utshabalalisa carbon iibhondi kabini.

Ndikho emoyeni kungomlinganiselo eziphakamileyo, ozone abole izenzekele. Oku ikhupha ubushushu kunye molecule wabumba O2. Ukuba uphakamile lo xi, kokukhona ubushushu reaction. Xa umxholo Kwezinto Eziphelisa mkhulu kwe-10% oko kukhatshwa dubulo. Ngokwandisa lobushushu yaye kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo kotitshala okanye xa edibana eziphilayo materials yokubola ngokukhawuleza of O3.

History of izovela

Xa chemistry, ozone andazekanga kwinkulungwane XVIII. Ndafumanisa ukuba ngo-1785 ngenxa ivumba, leyo yamachiza Van Marum weva ngelixa ewuqhuba umshini electrostatic. Nkqu kwiminyaka engama-50 emva kokuba igesi khange abonakale imifuniselo yezenzululwazi kunye nophando.

Scientist Kristian Shonbeyn ngowe-1840 wafunda igcwala phosphorus emhlophe. Ebudeni amalinge, waba nako ukuchonga into engaziwa, leyo wathi "ozone". Wemithi ngokusondeleyo benza ekufundeni iimpawu zayo, yaye indlela yokuvelisa irhasi 'Ncwadi.

Kungekudala ukuba baphande ngezixhobo kunye wazibandakanya nabanye izazinzulu. Yamachiza odumileyo Nikola Tesla wazakhela okokuqala kwimbali ozone generator. ukusetyenziswa Industrial of O3 yaqala ngenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha, kunye kokufika ufakelo kuqala enikezela amanzi okusela ekhaya. Le into esetyenziselwa kweentsholongwane.

Ozone emoyeni

Umhlaba wethu ingqongwe i iqokobhe ingabonakali emoyeni - emoyeni. Ngaphandle ubomi emhlabeni akunakwenzeka. amacandelo Ngaphandle: ioksijini, ozone, initrogen, hydrogen, igesi kunye nezinye iigesi.

Ozone ngokwalo ayisekho kwaye kukho ngenxa nje yokuba ekudibaneni kwemichiza. Kufutshane kumphezulu womhlaba kubhaliwe abunjwe ngenxa umbane lombane ngexesha umbane uqhwithela. indlela nemvelo kubonakala ngenxa ezikhutshwayo ezivela iimoto, imizi-mveliso, umphunga ipetroli, izityalo amandla thermal ezikhoyo.

Ground-level ozone ebizwa tropospheric okanye emhlabeni-level. Kukho stratospheric. Oku kubangelwa imitha yelanga ukusuka elangeni. It senziwa kumgama ozikilometa 19-20 ngaphezu komhlaba umhlaba kunye kudlulela kubude 25-30 leekhilomitha.

I-ozone stratospheric O3 yakha iplanethi, ekhusela ukusuka kwimitha ngamandla elanga. Oku ngokubamba malunga ne-98% ye ultraviolet radiation ukuba kwamaza ezaneleyo ukwenzela iziganeko umhlaza kunye nokutsha.

Isicelo osisiqu

Ozone - yinto oxidant obalaseleyo kunye umbhuqi. Lo mhlaba yasetyenziswa ukuze izenze amanzi okusela. nempembelelo embi kubume into yingozi kwiintsholongwane yabantu, kwaye xa igcwala ngokwayo ajikwa oksijini engenabungozi.

Uyakwazi ukubulala nokuba ukumelana eziphilayo chlorine. Ukongeza, lisetyenziswa ukuze izenze amdaka avela oyile yingozi nokusingqongileyo, sulfides, phenols, njl Izenzo ezinjalo zixhaphakile kakhulu kwi US kunye amanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Ozone isetyenziswa iyeza kweentsholongwane kwezixhobo kolu shishino ngoncedo kwephepha eyome, ioli ecacileyo ezi izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa O3 ekulihlambululeni umoya, amanzi kunye nendawo ekuthiwa ozonation.

Ozone kunye nabantu

Nangona zonke iipropati yalo encedayo, ozone kunokuba yingozi ebantwini. Ukuba yigesi esemoyeni iya kuba ngaphezu umntu eve ubunzima, Ityhefu ukuthintelwa. Xa umlinganiselo walo Russian avumelekile 0.1 g / l.

Ngaphezu koko imithetho kuvela iimpawu ngumntu yityhefu weekhemikhali, ezifana intloko ebuhlungu, ukutyabuka, ukuba nesiyezi. Ozone kunciphisa ayihambi ngokusebenzisa ukuxhathisa ngokuma ungenwe kwakhona zehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Xa xi igesi ngasentla 9.8 mg / l kunokwenzeka nokudumba yemiphunga kunye nokufa.

Ngelo xesha ingqalelo ozone emoyeni lula ngokufanelekileyo. Ivumba "kwehlobo", chloro okanye "imihlaza" (njengoko kusitshiwo Mendeleev) kunye nomxholo oluvakalayo ngokucacileyo phantsi izinto.