Yintoni isiqu? Isakhiwo kunye nentsingiselo esiqwini

Yintoni isiqu? Ngokomgaqo-biology, kuba yinxalenye kwisityalo, apho amagqabi neentyantyambo, nto leyo nokuqhubekeka olujikeleza, imvelaphi yayo elandwa iingcambu. Umsebenzi iphambili elisisiqu unikezelo lwamanzi kunye neeminerali kubalulekile ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya amagqabi kunye nezinye iindawo izityalo. Green olubangelwa zinoxanduva kwakhona ukuba ukutya inxaxheba photosynthesis.

Isiqu: isakhiwo sayo kunye nentsingiselo

Tissue ekupheleni iiseli stem ayakwazi ngokwahlula ebangela zobude yayo, ngokuba meristem apical. layers stem ziquka sangaphandle - oko isale i umphandle wayo iiseli ezikhethekileyo wax yemifuno, enika ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo. sangaphandle ubanxibe inyama Primary kunye phloem ngaphakathi onoxanduva ukusasazwa iimveliso zefotosinthesis sisityalo. xylem inyama ingxolo amanzi kunye neeminerali ukusuka ezingcanjini kanye phezulu, ngaloo ndlela ngokubonelela ngenkxaso noshowo nezityalo. Amalaphu ezi cambium layer hlula kwinyama ivumela buti kwabo ukukhula ukukhula ububanzi. Ixabiso elisisiqu ikakhulu kukubonelela ebalulekileyo izinto zezityalo yonke. Ukuba yonakele okanye umhlabelo tight, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ndayihluthwa izicwili ukutya, kancinane ukuqala zome. ilahleko Total kwenzeka kunye Ukubuna kwenkqubo ingcambu. inxalenye stem ikwathetha engundoqo apho zigcwaliswe zizityalo enemithi, endala Imicu xylem iinkuni nzima kwaye osetyenziselwa nokuchongwa izityalo. Kunokuba eqinileyo okanye vuphukuphuku. icandelo layo Umnqamlezo abamngqongileyo, oonxantathu okanye inkwenkwezi-ezimile.

features yangaphandle

Yintoni isiqu kunye elikhangeleka ngayo? Phezulu isiqu eyona ngongoma yalo zokukhula. Ezenza ebekwe kulo ungaboniswa ngokohlobo amathupha amagqabi emithi kwezityalo okuzala. Xa izityalo ezithile ezininzi apical hormone auxin abangaphangeliyo uphuhliso amathupha osecaleni, ngaloo ndlela ziya ekuqhelaniseni phezulu yezityalo, kungekhona icala. Ukuba besithe apical lisusiwe ngexesha ukuthenwa, ekukhuleni axils igqabi osecaleni Amaqhina ziza kuphuhlisa ngakumbi, yaye isiqu uya zaziya imilo. Njengoko umthetho, yokugubungela encotsheni sheets elungisiweyo - nezikali amathupha, ezo ukukhusela. Iqolo inyama engaphandle ibakhusela izityalo enemithi, kwaye kuphuhlisa kunye nobudala.

olujikeleza

Le olujikeleza limelwe uthungelwano kwemibhobho apho amanzi kunye izondlo ihanjiswa kulo lonke isityalo iingcambu ngokuhlanganisa, isiqu kunye namagqabi. Asizizo zonke izilwanyana liyi ezifana ubulembu kunye lisiza anikwe amandla kwentamo. kwezityalo ezinemigca ziquka eneentyatyambo kunye nezityalo coniferous kunye kumila. Le nkqubo iqulathe ezimbini kwinyama eziphambili: i phloem kunye xylem. Xylem kuyinto inethiwekhi kwemibhobho ukuba athuthe amanzi kunye neeminerali lonke isityalo. Ukongeza, kwakhona inikeza umsebenzi zamabanga - inkxaso kwesakhiwo, oku azinakulinganiswa emqolo, nto leyo inceda ukugcina tye. Ubunjani isiqu rhoqo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani yethishyu, umzekelo, kuba gqitha equlethwe imithi, kwi imibala yayo incinane kakhulu.

iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ezinawo

1. Wood. Apha libhekisela imithi ikhula nkqo ezininzi ezinombindi wesiseko elikhulu kakhulu, kunye namatyholo (roses, iidiliya, ubobo, rasberries).
2. Kulungiswe. Umzekelo, amahle, iinyibiba kunye esaphetha anquma Isiqu komhlaba kunye kwamagqabi. In gladiolus elifutshane, eqinileyo ngokufihlakeleyo isiqu kunye amagqabi enamaxolo elifutshane. I core zixinaniswe, ukukhula ngaphezulu nangaphantsi esineengcambu amagqabi neentyantyambo babe istrawberry, edandelion, nemisonto Afrika.
3. Tye. Umzekelo, amahlumelo kakuhle indawo istrawberry, toffee.
4. Olugobileyo ngeziqu (galo, Weeks, iimbotyi eziluhlaza).
5. Iintlobo olubangelwa nazo ziquka tuber, ezifana amazambane.
6. Isiqu ezinabileyo, emifutshane atshabalalisa, iyafumaneka begonias, dahlia. Mu kuya kwa nshita amatswele, ezo receptors saa, ezinabileyo iziqu kuphela ithupha igqabi ngaphezulu.

umsebenzi stem

1. Ixhasa amagqabi, iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo, ukunxulumana nabo iingcambu. Imithi namatyholo Isiqu ephambili okanye buti iphawulwa isakhiwo onamandla columnar.

2. Yena umqhubi wamanzi, izondlo kunye neemveliso photosynthesis. ihlelwe inkqubo yalo yezothutho ukuze kube nokwenzeka intshukumo ethe nkqo nethe osisi ngaphakathi emzimbeni izityalo.

3. Ukwazi iyawagcina amanzi kwaye iimveliso photosynthesis ngumsebenzi ebalulekileyo eziqwini izityalo ezifana amasundu Cacti.

4. esinombala oluhlaza Young idlala indima minor kwimveliso yokutya ngenxa inkqubo yefotosinthesis, kodwa kwezinye iintlobo (umz, Cacti) yengundoqo i intonga photosynthesis omzimba.

5. Le yokuzala maqanda iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo, kuquka izithole.

isiqu yingxenye

Zonke lezikhinkci angiosperms, kuquka abo kancincane kakhulu, kuba iindawo, internodes, namaqhina kunye namagqabi. Elisisiseko - oku kwinqanaba apho ukukhula amagqabi okanye yayisel. Plot ebizwa interstice therebetween. UBud - kuba baphuma osandul enefuthe ukuba ukukhula kunye nophuhliso. Ikhule ibe intyatyambo okanye igqabi. Ezi ithupha zibizwa ngokuba amathupha amagqabi, namaqhina kunye zinamaqhina oxutywe. Abaninzi kubo osalayo ukuphumla ixesha elithile, ngoko sikhulele abahlukene okanye ezihlangeneyo lingene Isiqu inyama kwaye zokuqhubela. Imithi namatyholo, ngaphandle esikhondweni engundoqo, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka amasebe icala, nto leyo ziqhotyoshelwe angawamasebe ezincinane. Ukongeza amagqabi emithi, kunye nezinye izakhiwo abanokubakho ngohlobo iinwele-ezifana outgrowths iiseli epidermal, kunye stipules spikes.

Ubukhulu stem

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga yintoni esikhondweni, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ubukhulu bayo. Ngokuba zonke izityalo, ntonje inxalenye olungaphezu, enika inkxaso noshowo kwaye lisebenza njenge mbambano kunye nesikhokelo phakathi kwenkqubo iingcambu kunye namagqabi. I zinti ziyahluka ukusuka kwisayizi imidiliya rostochku encinane ukuya ku imitha-15 ubukhulu umthi!

inani

Yintoni isiqu? Sinokuthi oku esqwini engundoqo, apho eminye zonke iinkcukacha eziqhotyoshelweyo. Uninzi izityalo ibekwe ngaphezu kwamanzi, kodwa ezinye iintlobo ukuze efihliweyo esiqwini komhlaba. ubume bawo kwaye anentsingiselo kuhlangene. Ngenxa unique isakhiwo amanzi kunye nezondlo kuziswa zombini amagqabi kunye neengcambu. Ukubaluleka isiqu zibalulekile, ngokuthintela le umthambo ebalulekileyo kukhokelela ekufeni esityalo. Kukho amathuba amaninzi isicelo mveliso, kuquka zokusebenza (iinkuni, iinkuni, imithi). Kwakhona ngumthombo otyebileyo yintlama ukuba iphepha, kwiintlobo ezithile ibangelwa inokuba ngumthombo ngesondlo. okuzenzela lwayo ngendlela ekrwada ziyinxalenye ichiza, latex, tannins, imibala kunye kakhulu ngakumbi. Ezinye iintlobo ibangelwa zisetyenziswa yokuvelisa maqanda okanye kwezityalo kwezityalo.

A inani elikhulu lezicelo

Kukho amawakawaka iintlobo zezityalo zabo ngeziqu ibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo, ezifana neetapile. Eziqwini of ummoba zingumthombo iphambili iswekile. Maple iswekile iveliswa ukusuka umboko maple. Imifuno kusetyenziswa eziqwini hlaza, Namagatya uqalo, kohlrabi kunye nezompleyini amanzi. Nesinamon nezinongo - i amaxolo. Gum Arabic i additive ukutya zivela umboko yomnga. Chicle - oku yeyona nto iphambili intlaka ukuhlafuna, itsalwa kumthi chicle. Ngoqalo ukwenza iphepha, ifenitshala, izikhephe, izixhobo zomculo, iintonga zokuloba, imibhobho yamanzi kunye nokuba kwakhiwe izindlu. Cork lufumaneka kwixolo oki. Rattan isetyenziselwa zefenitsha kunye iingobozi eyenziwe ngeziqu nemithi yesundu yimvula. Umzekelo yokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwale yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye kwisityalo lo yeengcongolo, zithandwa eYiputa yamandulo. Amber - na incindi uvalo evela imithi, ezisetyenziselwa uhombiso kwaye inokuba liqulathe iintsalela ezilwanyana zamandulo. Resin ngokhuni coniferous kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa turpentine kunye rosin.