Inkwili "Lada", project 677

imisebenzi Military elwandle babe nobunzima iimpawu yokuqala. Akumangalisi inkonzo yomkhosi wamanzi ibisoloko ingqalelo ingakumbi ababekekileyo, isihloko "Admiral" phantse lonke exabisa ngaphezulu kwama iinjengele. Enye yezona zinto edabini phezu kwamanzi kukuba ungasoloko ulinde kuhlaselwa hayi kuphela inxalenye iinqanawa kumphezulu utshaba moya, kodwa phantsi kwamanzi.

lweenqanawa ezintywilayo German baba zajika ngokwenene Amanyeneyo ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeSibini, ukuthumela izigidi eetoni kungekwamthwalo amawaka neenqanawa ukuya emazantsi Atlantic. ESoviet Union kakhulu igalelo waseJamani ukuya kuphuhliso fleet ngwenya, ukususela kwithuba kuphuhliso ophezulu emva kwemfazwe kweli cala.

Xa ukubiza igama elithi "ngwenya" abantu abaninzi xa kukho unxulumano inqanawa inkwili enkulu ukuthwala imithwalo ebulalayo ababekhwele ngohlobo enzima imijukujelwa weave, ikwazi ukuzisa ingxaki umdlali enkulu kunokwenzeka. Ngelo xesha abantu abaqhelekileyo ukulibala ukuba Navy mihla akukho zexabiso ngaphantsi le diesel-zombane ngwenya amancinane. Bona azohlukaniswa enyanisweni ezonakalisayo, ngokuba ukufika Engcotyeni nganeno yotshaba.

"Lada" omnye iiprojekthi ezininzi kwaphumelela ngwenya. Ngayo namhlanje yaye siza kukuxelela.

Overview

Iprojekthi iNkundla 667 wayefuna ukwenza imisebenzi kwesimo kunye ngabom nxamnye iinqanawa kumphezulu ngwenya yotshaba, ukukhusela imimandla yonxweme lohlaselo utshaba, kwakunye ukuveliswa minefields kunye nezinye iingxaki ezifanayo. Ngenxa yoko, ngwenya "Lada", nto leyo eye ifoto kweli nqaku ngokupheleleyo ezifanelekileyo imisebenzi oko zemfazwe mihla, esifuna ukuhamba ubuninzi kunye cwaka.

A umsebenzi osemqoka lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kule ngcelele inkqubo yokwakha wabo, ngokuba "-kota ezintathu". Into yokuba umzimba (eyenziwe ngentsimbi AB-2) unalo ubukhulu efanayo ubude bayo. Mu kuya kwa nshita lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya enkulu, baqubude ungqongqo babe imilo ungqukuva kakuhle echazwe. Ngenxa bulkheads ze igobhogobho yahlulwe yangamacandelo amahlanu ezahlukeneyo. Ononkontsho enqanaweni ezintathu.

iimpawu hydrodynamic umdla inikwa ngumntu umzimba eyenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo zihambe ingakumbi kakuhle. iiyunithi kokha ibe boom enye eye luphawulwa imikhombe projekthi 877, kodwa empennage umsila wenza crosswise, yaye amavili yangaphambili zixhonywe elucingweni. Oku kwenziwa ukuze olunokudala uphazamiso olukhulu kwizixhobo sonar, nto leyo ifakwe ngwenya. I 'Harmony "kule ndlela benchmark wokwenene: kusathe cwaka kakhulu, kuba nzima kakhulu ukubona ngokusebenzisa sonar kunye umsindo kwamanzi.

ngwenya kwezikhali

Eyona ndlela iphambili zokhuselo ahlasele izithuthi ezintandathu uqalise torpedoes ukuvuleka 533 mm, kunye imigodi ezimbini kumgangatho ophezulu zenzelwe ukudubula Iimboniselo ekhokelwa. Le nezikhali standard kwakukho torpedoes-18. Amaninzi, ngwenya "Lada 677" esebenzisa uhlobo oluthile emthethweni (SAET-60m, UGST), torpedoes ezikhethekileyo ukutshabalalisa ngwenya yotshaba. On weBhodi kuba imijukujelwa imikhumbi, kwakunye 22 imigodi DM-1 model. Kuyenzeka ukuba silwe ukusetyenziswa anti-lohlobo evuthayo "uqhwithela."

inkqubo adubula ivumela zombini kuqhume abangatshatanga kunye ivolibholi zokudubula ukusuka kwimigodi ezintandathu ngaxeshanye. Ngexesha recharge inomzimba iimpendulo ezintsonkothileyo "Murena", nto leyo eyenza yonke ukusebenza kwindlela oluzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo yonke ilawulwa ngokupheleleyo umyalelo ngongoma umphathi, nto leyo ifakwe ngwenya. I 'Harmony "yaba yeyokuqala eSoviet Union uphuhliso inkwili non-nuclear lomkhombe, oza kusetyenziswa liqela esizisebenzelayo ezintsonkothileyo eliphezulu-yokusebenza.

Ukunceda ukukhusela ngesikhephe ukusuka moya ukulwa utshaba, yalila bakwazi ukuxhamla imifuziselo ezintandathu MANPADS "Igla-1m". Ulungelelwaniso zonke iinkqubo yokulwa kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo "Lithium". Ngenxa yoko, ngwenya "Lada", izixhobo ukuba sele zipeyintwe, kunye imilinganiso yalo encinane unako ukuhlangula ingxaki enkulu kuyo naliphi icala.

sonar ibanga

Kuba ukuhlola sonar udibana esimbaxa "Lira", equka ajike enamandla ezibuthathaka. Icandelo-eriyali nje ezintathu, enye yazo imi isaphetha ngwenya, kodwa ezimbini - ziyaxhonywa kwicala ngalinye ngaye. Iinjineli enobubanzi ubuninzi zokongezwa ukuchana lomlinganiselo ingxolo phantsi kwamanzi. Ngenxa yoko, i-eriyali ngaphambili lubaluleke phantse yonke isithuba isaphetha ngwenya. Kwimeko apho umonakalo kwi-ibhodi kwezixhobo ekuveliseni izixhobo sonar ukuba inkwili "Lada" (Project 677) nga bemlandela emva kwakhe phezu hambo.

system navigation

inkqubo navigation - uhlobo inertial. Linoxanduva lokubonelela data kwi indawo ngqo enqanaweni, ngokunjalo ngenxa nokuzimisela isantya kangangoko apho izixhobo kwi-ibhodi zingasetyenziswa ngempumelelo enkulu.

Njengenxalenye yale nkqubo a izixhobo periscope ezifana i-Criminal Procedure Code "Sail-98", nto leyo nto ndiyibhalayo zinto zilandelayo:

• Gaze periscope induna, "Sail-98KP". Kuye usuku kunye amajelo-kwinqanaba elisezantsi (enombala kunye TV). Ubungakanani lokonyuka yahluka ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya 12X, kungaba ushicilelo waphawula data.
• Mast PHC, non-ezendeleyo udidi "Sail-98UP". Kuyinto eneneni multi-umsebenzi periscope jikelele. Njengenxalenye yoyilo - imijelo ezimbini (-yexesha elizeleyo yaye ekwinqanaba elisezantsi), izinga lokonyuka - ezifana umphathi-ezinjengeetelescope, kukho oluphezulu lwe laser rangefinder.

Ngenxa yoko, ngwenya "Lada", esiza ngokufutshane TTX ipeyintwe, unako ngokulinganayo kakuhle ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko imini nobusuku. It isoloko ayibonakali yotshaba.

Ezinye izinto benkqubo lokuhla unyuka

Eyona nkalo ibalulekileyo radar imodeli inkqubo radar KRM-66 "Kodak". Iquka kobulungu yayo amajelo radio active and passive nga kusetyenziswe indlela odityanisiweyo. Xa isebenze ukusetyenziswa esebenzayo ngokukodwa ezikhuselweyo efihliweyo channel. Sinika umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo imeko ezingqonge ngwenya (kubandakanywa i-amanzi ngasentla), kodwa zange zibhenca le nqanawa. Ngale ndlela, ngwenya "Lada" (Project 677) yi ngeendlela ezininzi into ekhethekileyo, bengethixo ke musa ukuba analogue ehlabathini, enoba trite ethi izandi.

inkqubo yonxibelelwano yedijithali "mgama" indlela. It ivumela utshintshiselwano ngeenkcukacha malunga umzila ephephile ukudlulisela ulwazi kumacala amabini ukuya elunxwemeni izithuba umyalelo, iinqanawa kunye moya (ukuba Ngaphandle kubunzulu periscope). Ukuba ufuna ukuthumela umyalezo ezikhawulezileyo ukubaluleka ukujula okukhulu, esebenzisa exhaust mfutho eriyali. Ezi zixhobo e gingxi kakhulu, ukukwazi layo ukukhusela nkqu kwimeko impi. Ngamafutshane, le "Harmony" - enqanaweni olukhuni kakhulu.

Okokugqibela, kukho iseti kwezixhobo yokukhangela "Appassionata." Iqulathe uhlobo kwinkqubo navigation inertial kunye imodyuli satellite yokukhangela GPS / GLONASS. Ukuchaneka yokumisela indawo ngexesha ukusetyenziswa liphezulu kakhulu, kodwa kuxhomekeke kufutshane na kwisiseko sesikhululo izilungiso ukuba "umboneleli" ethile.

isityalo amandla

I 'Intliziyo "ye ngwenya sisityalo amandla diesel-zombane, enze ngokungqinelana scheme esibonelela intshukumo kuphela kujiko yombane. Oku kwahlukile nucleoside amazwe inkwili "Lada". TTS (izithuthi kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa), imikhumbi yangaphandle yale iklasi onokusinika intshukumo kuphela kwi-injini diesel.

I-diesel ibekwe kwindawo yesine. Ukuze umbane generator zezi ezimbini 28DG udibaniso kunye rectifiers rated kwi-1000 kW nganye. Le amandla zigcinwa amaqela amabini iibhetri. Kwimeko nganye kwezi zinto yi 126 (bona lamagumbi wokuqala nowesithathu). Zizonke amandla ahlangeneyo ama-nkqubo kwimeko peak - 10580 kW / h. injini Ukusebenza - electric, sichulumancile ngenxa iimagnethi abasisigxina. Mark sed-1, amandla ngqo ngu 4100 kW.

Amandla injini ezikhethiweyo kunye nomthamo neebhetri ayikho ngengozi. Inyaniso kukuba lo buhlobo buba kunokwenzeka ukulayisha olukhawulezisiweyo of iibhetri, nto leyo phantse kabini kunciphisa phambi ngwenya kubunzulu periscope. Kuba yinxalenye wenkunkuma ayisiso slip zeyunithi brush, ulondolozo kunye nokusebenza fakelo yonke lula kakhulu kwaye ikhuseleke kakhulu. Kule nkalo, "Lada" - iphenyane, ikakhulu ngaphambi kwexesha layo.

ukusebenza yesekethe osisiseko iinjini

Isantya eliguqukayo inkqubo yombane isimiso udlala ohambisa ephambili kuzo zonke iimeko nokuhamba yoba ngumkhombe wodwa. Xa umgaqo, siye sele sathetha ngalo yokuba intshukumo enye kuphela idizili ngexesha zinikwe umgaqo. Bendiza iye iincakuba ezisixhenxe, ezenziwa esikhethekileyo, libya technology ingxolo. Ezi meko zinje kwaphunyelelwa becala enkosi uhlobo iincakuba saber, oveza ingxolo zincinane xa uqhuba. Ukongeza, ngwenya uye amanqaku ezimbini RDK-35 column steering ekude.

Le Velocity maximum ezicingisisiweyo phezu ifikelela amaqhina 21. Xa inkwili ekulo hayi saa phezu amaqhina-10. uluhlu ingami malunga 6,000 neekhilomitha, kodwa xa uqhuba inkqubela yezoqoqosho nga kwandisa ubomi wenkonzo malunga nenye 650 weekhilomitha.

Malunga siphila nokusebenza neemeko abasebenza

Eli qela ibandakanya abantu 35. Ukuze ukubahlangula abantu kwimeko ngohlangulo olungxamisekileyo enikiweyo KSU-600 kwisistim. Ibandakanya oluzenzekelayo release liferafts imodeli ekude PSNL-20. Zizonke amaqhosha amabini, ukuba ibekwe superstructure ukulungiselela izixhobo sliding.

Sqm kwi ngwenya ifumaneka kwi gumbi wesithathu. Ngokungafaniyo iinqanawa ubuso USSR kunye Russian Federation, abaqhubi wenza iimeko zokuphila elungileyo kakhulu. Kuba ngaba tile kabini. igosa ngalinye wabeka kwigumbi elahlukileyo.

Ukudla kwenzeka kwigumbi lokudlela kunye nezibonelelo yokugcina. Stocks ukutya, kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zazo kunye neemfuno yokugcina zilungiswe ngayo oovimba zipholile kwaye uncooled. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngwenya kolu ngcelele zafakelwa imodeli entsha izixhobo kuhamba: kumlinganiselo compact kakhulu inika nokuqulunqwa nokudla crew ngokupheleleyo kwaye zahlukene.

Amanzi ahlambulukileyo agcinwa amatanki ngentsimbi stainless. ukutya namanzi ugcwalise amatsha kunokuba ngqo kwiimeko entsimini. Ukulungiselela le njongo, izityalo kwetyuwa zibonelelwa, okusetyenziselwa ukusebenza sobushushu iinjini diesel. Ngokubanzi, xa sizi- phulo imithombo yamanzi kwanele ukuqinisekisa zasekhaya kuphela, kodwa iimfuno zobugcisa. egcwele ngokupheleleyo yonke ngwenya kuyimfuneko elizimeleyo iintsuku ezingama-45.

ukusebenza ngakumbi enqanaweni kunye namathemba

Njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka, ngwenya "Lada" hayi ukumelana novavanyo ixesha ngempumelelo kakhulu. Inyaniso yokuba iimpawu zayo musa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zale mihla esebenza kule udidi iinqanawa. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzwana kukho umsebenzi eninzi nokudalwa ukuqhutywa anaerobic. Ekupheleni kuka-2012, umnqweno kunokuthenga ii nkwili ezintandathu Project 677 "Lada" wavakalisa Indiya, neqabane elide qhinga lizwe lethu.

Ngamafutshane, eli lizwe kufuneka diesel-electric lweenqanawa ezintywilayo enjalo, nenokuthi kuba amaphulo zomkhosi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ixesha elide, ngaphandle imfuneko ukuphakamisa nokuba kubunzulu periscope. Inkwili "Lada", airindependent isityalo amandla ziza kufezeka, uya kukwazi ukwenza iinyanga ezininzi ", ebanjwe". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uphando kule ndawo kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Yintoni entsha?

Ezintsha kuyilo wenqanawa nezingqinekayo uya kwenziwa lukhulu. Umphuhlisi izenzo inkampani edumileyo CDB KUM "uPhillip". Phakathi ku-2013 ekugqibeleni kwagqitywa ukuba ngwenya "Harmony" iya kuqhubeka kwinkonzo kunye Russian lwaphela. I yala maxesha, Kakade, ifomu.

ingqalelo kakhulu yahlawulwa maxesha leengcali lwengingqi kwi-kwibhodi iinkqubo elektroniki. Ngaba uhlaziywe ngokupheleleyo ufakelo oluzenzekelayo inomzimba aguqulwa phantse ngokupheleleyo (osekelwe ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa mihla) Mechanics izityalo amandla ombane.

Musa ukuhlala 'bayicezele "kwaye navigation: ingqalelo indlela izisombululo ezininzi ezitsha zifakiwe kuwo, singatsho ukuba isistim zahluma kwakhona. Akumangalisi ukuba inkwili onjalo "Lada" ekugqibeleni etsala ingqalelo abathengi basemzini.

Okokuqala esitokisini uya kuhla "Kronstadt". Isimanga, kodwa zangaphambili "ladies ezindala" abakulungeleyo ukubhala off, namhla waba ngomnye lweenqanawa ezintywilayo eziphuhlileyo non-nuclear ehlabathini. Kukhuselekile ukuba lo gama kugcinwe isantya umsebenzi bebeya kukuvuyela ukuya kufumana kuphela kwikhaya Navy, kodwa abathengi abaninzi bezinye iintlanga, ukuxhasa mali lizwe.

Noko ke, njengoko izikhephe abaninzi Project 677 "Lada" Namhlanje eRashiya kuyimfuneko, ekubeni ezi iinqanawa ziyindlela enkulu ukukhusela imida lwaselwandle kunye nemida, ilizwe lethu liye eninzi.