Lotman Yury - into engaqhelekanga kwaye eliqaqambileyo

Lotman kaYuri Mikhailovich - lilizwe enkulu ingcamango thina, inzala, ukuba kufundwa. Nangona umabonakude wenze lukhulu yokusebenza kwalo nezintsonkothe ziye zifumaneke abantu abaninzi bakwazi ukufumana kuzakudibanisa nge ubunzulu eziphathekayo kunye lula ukudluliselwa, uYuri Mikhailovich nangoku igcina ingaziwa.

Ulwazi malunga esakhula

, Alibonakali Usapho Mihaila Lvovicha Lotmana, yezibalo negqwetha, abasele wayeneentombi amathathu unyana. Yaye ngowe-1922 kukho yindlala Petrograd ekugqibeleni bazalwa indlalifa kudala elindelwe - Lotman Yury. Indlu apho akuba ezelwe, kuba nzima kakhulu. Kungenxa ngenxa yakhe, Pushkin waya Kungquzulwano evela athe athathwa ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo.

Kangangamawaka eminyaka kwiintsapho zamaYuda, efundisa intlonipho zezifundo iincwadi. Ngoko ke, lo nyaka-esixhenxe Lotman Yury wathunyelwa ukuya kufunda esikolweni ilungileyo eLeningrad, ngoku got igama layo yantlandlolo "Petrischule". Kwesi sikolo bafunda abantu abathe benza igalelo elikhulu kwinkcubeko Russian, ezifana: PP Vyazemsky, Rossi, Benois, M. Mussorgsky, Decembrist MA Fonvizin, Admiral P. Chichagov kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kuphela esikolweni Lotman Yury akwazi ukufumana imfundo olunzulu elirhangqiweyo nomyalelo ebalaseleyo iilwimi zasemzini, ingakumbi isiJamani, leyo Yury wayesazi. Yaye ngoxa iminyaka esithoba Lotman Yury uyasibona inzululwazi alungiselela ukungena University of eLeningrad. Wanyula Faculty of Philology kunye ngeranti yayo wayebhala phantsi kweliso philologist amanqugwala kunye folklorist V. Ya. Proppa, oye waba ukunconywa ngamazwe yaye phambili uphuhliso kwengcamango kwisicatshulwa. Ngokwezi iimfuno yomfundi zibandakanya ukufunda uncwadi Russian ye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ngoko ke kufuneka ukwazi isiFrentshi.

impi

Ngowe-1939-1940, kwenzeka ungquzulwano zomkhosi eFinland. Kwaye ukusukela kunyaka wesibini Lotman Yury kwi-Red Army. Njengoko yinto ebalulekile wathabatha naye isichazi-French waza wayifunda yonke le minyaka yemfazwe. Ukususela ekuqaleni of World signalman usebenza kwi imikhosi zokudubula, into ephambili, hayi ifihla nokuba emva kabani ikhosi. Yena phoyisa kuqala, emva koko umphathi we-ofisi yeposi.

Ngowe-1944, oko kunikezelwa iimbasa ezimbini - "Kuba yeqhawe" yaye "Kuba Inkonzo e Battle". Emva mala ngo-1945 uYuri Mikhailovich wawongwa IMbasa Red Star kunye Order of the Patriotic War degree II. Ekubeni imfazwe zeHonours zayo ziye zanikezelwa. KaYuri Lotman wawugqiba imfazwe eBerlin.

Demobilisation kanye Isiqalo

Ukususela ngowe-1946 ukuya 1950 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, kwaye ke iyifumane indawo ye ngumhlohli ophezulu e Tartu, kwiZiko zokufundisa Institute. Ngokuba kuye njengomYuda kwezinye iindlela zivaliwe. Xa Tartu encinane uya kuhlala yobomi. Emva konyaka, uYuri atshate intombi ekufutshane kuye umoya, nto leyo izifundo umqondiso Russian kunye nemisebenzi Alexander Blok. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngowe-1952, Lotman Yuriy Mihaylovich awukhuselayo ithisisi yakhe. Sakhethwa ukuba umlo ochasene zasebukhosini esthetics Radishcheva e Karamzin. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, umsebenzi uqala kwiYunivesithi Tartu, nto leyo ukubonga kwinkulungwane yama-20 ukuya umsebenzi Lotman ayikho kuphela waduma ehlabathini lonke, kodwa hlala indawo esembindini kwilizwe philology. Kwaye konke oku kuphela ngenxa yokuba kukho into emandiyenze sisazinzulu enkulu wadala kwisikolo semiotics. Ngowe-1961, uYuri Mikhailovich wayikhuselayo ithisisi zobugqirha yakhe iincwadi Russian phambi kwimvukelo le Decembrists, ukususela ngowe-1963, yena - UNjingalwazi, iNtloko yeSebe iincwadi Russian.

Abasebenzisi 18 - kwenkulungwane ye-19 zaye amaqabane abahlala kuye. Wathetha ne Pushkin, esiqinisekisa uvavanyo yalo yokuphila kunye nenkcubeko, kunye nezigqibo zayo. Ngowe-1981 wapapasha ngobomi bakhe Pushkin. incwadi umdla kakhulu "Iingxoxo malunga nenkcubeko Russian", eyapapashwa ngo-1993, kanye ngexesha apho TV waqalisa kumjikelo intetho ngalo mba. Le ncwadi iya kuvulwa kwi naliphi na ikhasi uze ufunde voraciously. imemori Lotman kunye nolwazi ingaqhelekanga. Abafundi zifundo beva iintetho zakhe, engayazi into ukwenza - ukuphulaphula okanye irekhodi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, yona into ebubutshinga.

amasiko ukusela

Memory kuqwalaselwa Lotman, yeyona mpumelelo iphezulu zombini zabantu kunye abantu ngokubanzi. Ukuba ngumgcini lwenkcubeko ngenxa nto ezintle ezenziwa ngumoya yabantu. Culture njenge memory - indlela ukuqonda umsebenzi sisazinzulu. Incwadi yokugqibela epapashwe ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, ubizwa ngokuba "neNkcubeko kunye dubulo." Sichaza iinkqubo zenkcubeko kwi inkalo zembali, nto leyo eyakhokelela ilizwe kukuba esinayo ngoku. Ngoko ke ndicinga kaYuri Lotman, ogama engobomi, nangona izenzakalo eemfazwe - ibhayografi le nzulu ngezinto.

domesticity

Ekunye nomfazi wakhe, uYuri Mikhailovich wahlala mathathu anesithoba, ewatyhutyhile yona iminyaka emithathu. Ngoko ke wakhangela, wayesele amaqabane igqala. Esi sibini sangcwatywa ecaleni kwenye. Bona oonyana abathathu. Senior zalandela ekhondweni zabo, besenza iincwadi kunye semiotics, okwesibini - umzobi, eyesithathu - eziphilayo.

Wafa ngowe-1993 Lotman kaYuri Mikhailovich. ngobomi bakhe kuqhuba izifundo, iincwadi, ngubani ukufunda nzulu namhlanje inzala kunye naye iingcinga nothuke.