Imfundo: ukufunda iinjongo, iinjongo, imigaqo

Imfundo kulawulwa yinkqubo eziququzelelwe ngokukodwa intsebenziswano phakathi katitshala nabafundi, ejoliswe nokwenziwa kweenkqubo ulwazi kunye nezakhono, kunye nokusekwa kwimbonakalo kwabafundi, ukuphuhliswa kwamandla nezakhono self-liluhlanganise ngokungqinelana iinjongo zeli.

Zokufunda. indlela level

Injongo uqeqesho - oku kubangelwa yenkqubo yokufunda ecwangcisiweyo, enyanisweni, koko le nkqubo ngqo. IP Podlas inika iinjongo zokufunda enomahluko kumanqanaba amathathu:

1. yezopolitiko: ngenjongo yokwenza njengoko yinto nkqubo karhulumente kwinkalo yemfundo.

2. Ulawulo: injongo isicwangciso-qhinga sokulungisa iingxaki zehlabathi yemfundo (kwinqanaba lengingqi okanye kwinqanaba leziko).

3. Operations: injongo ithathwa njengento njongo zokusebenza ukuphunyezwa yoqeqesho kwiklasi ethile abafundi kunye sisincoko ethile.

Ingxaki umahluko lweenjongo yokufunda

Isiseko ukuhlelwa ingqikelelo lweenjongo zokufunda inkqubo ezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:

1. Linganisa uluntu: jikelele / abucala, jikelele.

2. Umlinganiselo woviwo izakhiwo zemfundo, linoxanduva lokumisela kwanokuzuza kubo: karhulumente (kumiselwe imigangatho yemfundo karhulumente) iinjongo obschevuzovskie, ubuhlakani, Cathedral kunye nabanye.

3. Ukugxininisa kuphuhliso namaCandelo eMetropolitan ezithile zobuntu: imfuneko-zenkuthazo kwesisekelo, ngokweemvakalelo, ngokwasengqondweni kunye volitional.

Iinjongo Ulwimi 4. Inkcazo: Ifom kwisifundo-sengqiqo, kwisifundo-dejatelnostnaja.

indlela Taxonomic B. Bloom

Kwelinye icala, B. Blum inikeza Ukuhlelwa yayo ekujoliswe lakhe, nokumisela uqeqesho. Zokufunda u teke ngokwemiqathango taxonomies ezithile (taxonomies). Eyokuqala ijolise ekudaleni Taxonomy domain kwengqondo. Oku kuquka iindidi ezintandathu iinjongo:

- udidi ulwazi (ngokunxulumene nezinto ezithile ukuba isigama criteria, izibakala, iinkcazelo et al.);

- ukuqonda udidi (ukutolikwa, ingcaciso, ezenziwe);

- application isigaba;

- udidi yokuqaphela (isicwangciso sophuhliso / inkqubo action ubudlelwane abstract);

- Uhlalutyo udidi (unxulumano kunye nemigaqo kokwakhiwa);

- evaluation (isigwebo ngokususela kwidatha ezikhoyo, kunye neenqobo wangaphandle).

Le lwesibini lwalujoliswe KABLOOM Uthando sphere.

Principles of yokwakhiwa imisebenzi yoqeqesho

NF Talyzina uphakamisa ukhetho lotshintsho isakhiwo kunye nenkcazelo iingxaki ezithile kwinkqubo yokufunda. Le misebenzi ziboniswa emigangatho, ukuba zombini uluhlu iinjongo zemfundo ephakamileyo. kwinqanaba ngalinye ingqalelo yayo, kuxhomekeke umda izakhono iingcaphephe elizayo.

kwinqanaba lokuqala

Inqanaba eliphezulu yabasemagunyeni imisebenzi ezinabantu ekufuneka sibe nako ukusombulula zonke iingcaphephe, ngaphandle iinjongo ezithile zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi umsebenzi okanye indawo ahlala kuyo. Kodwa ke, ukuze babe ngenxa umlinganiswa yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko zembali. Ngokuphathelele ixesha lethu inani lemisebenzi ezinjalo:

- yokusingqongileyo (ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kwi Ngokwemo yemisebenzi yabantu mveliso okanye ezinye, njl);

- Ukuqhubeka ingxaki kwinkqubo post-ukubunjwa (umsebenzi eyiyo ingcaciso - search, ukugcinwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye isicelo al.);

- imisebenzi enxulumene umlinganiswa adibeneyo iintlobo zemisebenzi mihla (ukubunjwa nabo phakathi kweqela, ucwangciso kunye nokulungelelanisa izinto ezidibeneyo, uhlalutyo ingakumbi umba yabantu inkqubo okubonisa iziphumo, kunye nabanye.).

isigaba sesibili

Kwinqanaba lesibini unikelwa uluhlu lwemisebenzi ethile kwilizwe elithile. Ngokumalunga inkqubo yemfundo yesizwe, ezingxamisekileyo ingxaki enxulumene lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa ubudlelane imarike (uphando kwimarike, uphando ngendlela yokusebenza, ukufuna amahlakani ezifanelekileyo imithombo yenkxaso-mali, ukukhuthazwa iimpahla kwiimarike basekhaya angaphandle, njl njl).

Kwakhona kweli nqanaba yabalaselisa iinjongo kunye neenjongo ze noqeqesho olunxulumene kwiingxaki kwicandelo yobudlelwane bezizwe (izithethe zesizwe kunye namasiko, uphuhliso sengqondo wokunyamezela ukuba iimvakalelo kazwelonke, ligatya kwizikhundla ubuzwe chauvinist, njl njl). Ekugqibeleni, injongo yalo ekuphuhliseni uqeqesho ukulungiselela umsebenzi mihla kwakhona kwi ukuyilwa izakhono zoshishino ukusombulula iingxaki, neengxaki zolawulo kunye nezoqoqosho neemeko zentlalo-nopolitiko loluntu banamhlanje (yedemokhrasi kwezopolitiko, ukwazisa, buhlanga nokwamkeleka kweenkolo, njalo njalo).

kwileveli yesithathu

Inqanaba lesithathu yeyona voluminous kwaye ibandakanya imisebenzi yobungcali. Ngokubanzi, le misebenzi zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu eziphambili:

- (ucwangciso lwezakhono zokwenza lo msebenzi uphando kweli candelo) uphando;

- practical (ukufumana japan ethile - ukwakhiwa kwisityalo, uhlelo incwadi, kwaye al recovery nomonde.);

- zokufundisa (abafundisa isifundo esithile esikolweni okanye uqeqesho emsebenzini - umzekelo, xa kukho injongo yokufundisa ulwimi lwasemzini).

Qwalasela iinjongo kunye nemigaqo yokufunda abantwana yobudala pre-school.

imigaqo esisiseko yemfundo kokuya esikolweni kunye nenkqubo yoqeqesho

imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ezichaza iinjongo ukufunda uqeqesho kunye nemfundo yabantwana zabasakhasayo nga ingafani ngolu hlobo.

1. Unyaka wokuqala wobomi:

- ukugcina nokomeleza impilo yabantwana, ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso lwabo ngokupheleleyo ngokwasemzimbeni, ukugcina isimo esihle nangokweemvakalelo umntwana; ukuqinisekisa indlela yemini ehambelana nendawo ubudala nemeko ebonakalayo lo mntwana;

- oyinxalenye orientation olubonakalayo-emanyelwayoefuna; ukwandisa nokwandisa amava oluvo kwabantwana; ukuphuhlisa ukukwazi ukuqonda omdala intetho nokuzalisekisa amanyathelo amalungiselelo ukuze ekufundeni intetho esebenzayo; ukukhuthaza ukubandakanywa kule self-inkqubo ukwakha izinto yokuziphatha efanelekileyo, ukuphendula ngokweemvakalelo ukugcina omhle kunye nabantwana.

- yakheka Background Umbono ubuhle - kuvusa umdla imifanekiso, umculo, ukucula, njalo njalo, ukuba ngocwangco ukuhlalutya iziphumo ..

- igalelo ekuphuhliseni izakhono zomntwana, efanelekileyo nezalathisi nobudala.

2. Ngonyaka wesibini wobomi:

- nokuqiniswa yokuqaqadeka umzimba; ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo motion ephambili;

- ukuyilwa izakhono eziziziqalelo ucoceko self-nkonzo;

- isigama kwaye isebenze imfuneko yonxibelelwano; zivuse iinkqubo kwengqondo (imbono, ingqalelo, inkumbulo, njl);

- ukubunjwa izakhono nokuqhathwa izinto;

- ukwakha izakhono inkcubeko yokuziphatha (ukubulisa, hamba, enkosi, etc ...);

- Uphuhliso basuke zobugcisa (ugxininiso umbala, imilo, ivumba, njl ...).

- uphuhliso incasa zomculo.

3. Unyaka wesithathu wobomi:

- nokuqiniswa impilo ngokomzimba; ngamasiko nezithethe kunye nococeko

- ukuyilwa eziqalelo yokucinga olubonakalayo-ngokuntsonkotha; ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo cognitive;

- nophuhliso sensory amava;

- ngokwakha ulwazi olusisiseko malunga isixhobo kunye nemithetho yayo yemvelo;

- uphuhliso zentetho, isigama;

- ukukhuthaza abantwana bakwazi ukuxoxa nabanye; ukuqhuba imidlalo indima-idlala;

- uphuhliso umbono lowo wengcibi yokuluka.

4. Unyaka wesine wobomi:

- ukukhuthazwa kwempilo, lukhuni umzimba; output ngendlela echanekileyo; ukubunjwa yomsebenzi motor esebenzayo;

- ngokuvuselela umdla ebomini abadala, ugxininise izinto kunye izenzakalo bume yentlalo nenkcubeko;

- nophuhliso ukukwazi uhlalutyo kwiziqalelo ezingenamandla, ubuchule ukuseka uxhulumaniso elula phakathi nesenzeko kunye neenjongo kokusingqongileyo;

- uphuhliso yokuthetha, ukukwazi ukwakha izivakalisi ngokukhalipha;

- uphuhliso izakhono zokuthetha nokumamela, ukukwazi esweni inkqubela usebenza (iincwadi, iikhathuni, etc ...);

- nophuhliso izimvo nezakhiwo zezibalo (enye / ezininzi kuThixo, ngaphezulu / ngaphantsi et al.);

- ubumba sengqondo esihle umsebenzi;

- uphuhliso umdla kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo imidlalo, ukhuphiswano iqela;

- uphuhliso nezakhono zobugcisa kunye zomculo.

imfundo Physical kwinkqubo yokufunda yomntwana

Ukomeleza impilo umntwana icandelo engundoqo angundoqo inkqubo yemfundo kuwo onke amanqanaba ubudala, nto leyo ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso noqeqesho. Ukufunda iinjongo ngqo kwinkqubo yemfundo ungahluka. Njengoko i header uya kwenza lobudala, kwakunye nkcukacha ingangumsebenzi wesakhono kwisifundo esithile zemfundo. Ngokumalunga ethile imfundo elibonakalayo, akukho iinguqulelo ezithile. Kulo mzekelo, injongo kuqeqesho - ngokuyintloko ukuyilwa iindlela okulungisekayo (imikhosi yokhuselo-okulungisekayo - imichiza, ngokwasemzimbeni, njl) Yaye ukomelezwa sifo yomntwana.

Izinto zokunciphisa ukhuselo umzimba ngayo umntwana ziquka: yendlala, ukudinwa, iimvakalelo, waphula ulawulo bemini. Izinto ezandisa zokuzikhusela zomzimba: ehamba emoyeni, tempering, isimo ochwayithileyo.

Ngako oko, umsebenzi katitshala kweli candelo iya kuba, kwelinye icala, ukuba Nokwethisa nokunciphisa impembelelo kuphuhliso ebonakalayo imiba umntwana buthathaka amajoni omzimba omzimba; nangapha - kuphuhliso nqgo umzimba amandla zokuzikhusela olulungisiweyo umntwana ngeendleko yeemanyano kakuhle ukutya, inkqubo umthambo lukhuni, imozulu entle ngokwasengqondweni, njl, uthintelo kwezifo ezosulelayo kunye ezingapheliyo, kwakunye nokuthintela ukonzakala kunye namalungiselelo zokuqala pre-medical .. ukunceda. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo awohluke yokusingqongileyo apho umntwana, ukuthobela kunye imigangatho yococeko kule nkqubo, ejoliswe kuqeqesho.

Ukufunda iinjongo, imigaqo kunye neenjongo, ke ngoko, imbaxa ezintsonkothileyo kwezentlalo-zokufundisa ngenxa ngqo ezichaphazela kwisigaba wemfundo, iziphumo ezilindelekileyo, kwakunye nemeko yentlalo-yembali.