Lwesinye Dada zeentlanzi: inkcazelo, umsebenzi

Iqumrhu intlanzi entsonkothileyo kakhulu kunye nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo. Ukwazi ukuba ahlale zazo lokuqubha kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcina imeko ezinzileyo ibangwa isakhiwo ezikhethekileyo umzimba. Ukongeza njengesiqhelo kuquka amalungu oluntu emzimbeni abemi abaninzi kwamanzi enikiweyo iindawo ezibalulekileyo, ukuvumela ukuba ukunika ukubagcina kunye nozinzo. Kubalulekile kule meko unelungelo isinye qubha, nto leyo phambili emathunjini. Ngokutsho izazinzulu ezininzi, umzimba kunokubonwa njengomanduleli imiphunga zabantu. Kodwa intlanzi lenza umsebenzi wayo ophambili, nto leyo kuphela uhlobo umsebenzi eseleyo.

Formation lwesinye qubha

Uphuhliso kwiqamza eqalisa ngumbungu, ukusuka foregut. Uninzi fish amanzi ukugcina lo mzimba ubomi. Ngexesha kokukhutshwa kombungu kumaqamza uqhotse kodwa akukho kuqamba igesi. Kuba Qhotsa yayo ukuzaliswa umoya uza komhlaba kunye engokufaka umxube oluyimfuneko kuphela. Xa step Uphuhliso swimbladder osandul 'ukusekwa njengoko izalelwe amaphiko umqolo kunye igcinwe phantsi. Koko, ijelo inxibelelanisa le nxalenye kuvuleke iminxunya, iyalahleka. Kodwa oku bonke abantu. Ngenxa lobukho nokungabikho yalo mzila zahlulwe zibe intlanzi physostomous zakryto-. Kulo mzekelo yokuqala, imithana zezulu duct, kunye neegesi ziye kungena ngokusebenzisa emithanjeni ngegazi phezu kweendonga ngaphakathi kwiqamza. Xa iintlanzi physostomous le umzimba edibene emathunjini emoyeni bile, kwaye apho kukho ukususwa irhasi.

Gas lwesinye egcwele

Gas umhlaza xi lwesinye leyo izinze. Ingakumbi, zinceda ukuphucula kuyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunciphisa iyasebenza umzimba ebomvu kwakhiwa network capillary ashinyeneyo. Ekubeni songqamaniso xi iintlanzi physostomous elicothayo ngaphezu koko iintlobo zakrytopuzyrnyh, ukuba unako ngokukhawuleza avuke ezinzulwini emanzini. Xa ubambisa iintlanzi abalobi uhlobo yesibini amaxesha kwaphawulwa qubha isinyi kuphuma emlonyeni. Oku kungenxa yokuba isikhongozeli olunyuswe kunye kukunyuka kumphezulu ukusuka ezantsi. Le ntlanzi, ingakumbi, kunganxulunyaniswa zakhele, le iphezulu kunye sticklebacks. Abanye marhamncwa ezihlala emazantsi, ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu kwiqamza.

umsebenzi hydrostatic

Fish bubble umzimba ngemiba yezemfundo, kodwa umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukuzinzisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo phantsi kwamanzi. Lena umsebenzi yohlobo hydrostatic, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, ezinokulinywa endaweni kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, nto ingqinwa imizekelo iintlanzi ezingenazo kwiqamza enjalo. Ngenye indlela, lo msebenzi ungundoqo iintlanzi ukunceda ahlale kubunzulu ezithile, apho ubunzima amanzi abalahlekelwa umzimba ingqamana ubunzima ngamnye. Ukuziqhelisa, umsebenzi hydrostatic zinokuvela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: xa mzuzu ubhaptizo umzimba esebenzayo zixinaniswe kunye kwiqamza, kwaye xa esenza nokunyuka, phezu koko, kukho walungisa. Inkqubo nkxu ubunzima abafudukayo uyancipha volume lube ngaphantsi kwe ubunzima nakwiintlanzi. Ngoko ke iintlanzi zivuze ngaphandle kobunzima okukhulu. Inowuthi emanzini, kungona amandla xi umzimba ukwazi ngakumbi. iinkqubo Reverse kwenzeka xa yemizuzwana ekunyukeni - le gesi lusanda, nto leyo ubunzima lula kwaye ngokulula intlanzi liphuma.

Ukudideka

Kunye umsebenzi hydrostatic kule izenzo zomzimba, yaye ngandlel 'ithile yokuncedisa ukuva. Ngayo, intlanzi ukuze babone ingxolo, ukungcangcazela wave. Kodwa eli khono Abazilulamelanga ke bonke iintlobo - kwicandelo le ukukwazi ziquka zeCARP kunye catfish. Kodwa imbono umsindo inikeza akukho isinye qubha, yaye iqela lonke lwemizimba kuyo elimfaneleyo. imisipha ezikhethekileyo, ngokomzekelo, kungakhokelela ekubeni iindonga intlokoma h, nto leyo ebangela ukushukumisa lokungcangcazela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwezinye zezinto kwiqamza enjalo, hydrostatics ndingekhoyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa walondoloza ithuba kwimbono izandi. Oku kusebenza ikakhulu iintlanzi benthic ankcitho uninzi ubomi babo kwinqanaba elifanayo phantsi kwamanzi.

imisebenzi protective

Le minnows mizuzu ingozi, umzekelo, inokuba ukukhulula irhasi ukusuka esinyini nokuvelisa izandi ezithile distinguishable congeners zabo. Asifanele sicinge ukuba ukuyilwa epholileyo ibizezamandulo kwaye ayikwazi kuqondwa ngabanye abemi belimiweyo kwamanzi. Gorby eyaziwa kakuhle Abalobi ukucula kunye ebhodlayo izandi. Ngaphezu koko, isinye qubha of gurnard intlanzi ezikhoyo, ngokoqobo ukunkwantya umyalelo we lweenqanawa ezintywilayo US ngexesha lemfazwe - yaba novakalelo ngoko yenza izandi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi mpawu kwenzeka ngamaxesha luvo overstrain yeentlanzi. Ukuba kwimeko umsebenzi hydrostatic umsebenzi isinyi kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo yoxinzelelo lwangaphandle kunye nokusekwa ke isandi kwenzeka umqondiso okhethekileyo yokhuselo ukusekwa kuphela iintlanzi.

Apho akukho lwesinye qubha yeentlanzi?

Abakuvinjwayo oku organ Parusnikova intlanzi, kwakunye neentlobo ukuba kufuphi emazantsi yobomi. Phantse bonke abantu chibi ubuye ngaphandle lwesinye qubha. Oku kanye okwenzekayo xa ukubagcina ukwamkhulu ngeendlela ezizezinye - ingakumbi, ngenxa nokwanda kwamafutha kunye nokukwazi ukuba akayeki. Ukugcina imeko uzinzo nayo inegalelo lexinene esezantsi umzimba kwezinye iintlanzi. Kodwa kukho nezinye imigaqo zokugcina imisebenzi hydrostatic. Hi xikombiso, le ukrebe qubha isinyi unganikezelwanga, ngoko kuyanyanzeleka ukuba ukugcina ubunzulu eyaneleyo ngokuntywiliselwa ngenxa yokulawula esebenzayo lomzimba amaphiko.

isiphelo

Kungekho nto, abaphengululi abaninzi baye ukufana phakathi amalungu oluntu wokuphefumla kunye isinye iintlanzi. Izisa la kwemvelo umzimba, kwimeko apho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kunye nesakhiwo yangoku iintlanzi. Isibakala sokuba esinyini qubha azifumaneki kuzo zonke iintlobo zeentlanzi, ibangela ukungangqinelani. Oku akuthethi ukuba umzimba ngokungeyomfuneko, kodwa iinkqubo yoma yayo nokucuthwa bacebisa ithuba kwenzeni ngaphandle kwale ndawo. Kwezinye iimeko, intlanzi isetyenziselwa umsebenzi ofanayo amanqatha yangaphakathi hydrostatic kunye lexinene umzimba esezantsi, kwaye enye - loo amaphiko.