Taimyr Peninsula. iimpawu zemozulu le Taimyr Peninsula

Xa ngundoqo kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu, phakathi imilomo imilambo Khatanga kunye Yenisei, kude waya umkhenkce we-Arctic Ocean kakhulu umdla sushi projektha oluya Taimyr Peninsula (map enikwe kweli nqaku, ubonisa indawo yayo). ukwandiswa kwayo ingavalelwa obungunaphakade ice leziqithi Northern Earth, ukususela amanqaku kakhulu apho (Cape Arctic) ukuya kumgama mandla oziikhilomitha 960 kuphela. Taimyr Peninsula kwesifo yi kuLwandle Laptev kunye Kara. Nantsi incam esemantla kwilizwekazi - Cape Chelyuskin.

ukhohliwe Territory

Asinguye wonke umfundi mihla uyazi apho Taimyr Peninsula, kwaye loo nto ayimangalisi, indawo yayo akukho evumayo ekungeneni abakhenkethi apha. Eli lizwe ziingqikelelo, apho nkqu ehlotyeni ubushushu lingaphumi ngasentla izinyuko ezilishumi Celsius. Usingasiqithi ibekwe ngaphakathi kaZwelonke District Taimyr, kwi Krasnoyarsk Territory. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ingongoma ibe maxongo emantla - oko Cape Chelyuskin. Umda lasemzantsi Buze emantla enkangala ophakathi. Ubude Tajmyr usingasiqithi uqhuba a ophosa ububanzi kunye - anamakhulu mahlanu. indawo yayo ngaphezu kwe 400 ophosa square. Le ndawo usingasiqithi yonke ingcole dissected yi ezintabeni. Taimyr kude ngaphaya Arctic Circle, esesiphelweni enomkhenkce lomlambo Great yaseSiberia.

History of uphuhliso

Akumnandi abanomdla kwimbali yophuhliso Taimyr Peninsula. Nabanqobi nabahloli ye North ... Zingaphi iziganeko ezibuhlungu edume kwaye ngamanye amaxesha efihliweyo emva la mazwi angqalileyo uyibuzayo! Abaphandi yokuqala Russian of Taimyr ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe ziye daredevils abafika apha bekhangela oboya - "izinto ethambileyo". Ngoko ke ngo-1667 phezu inxalenye esemntla Yenisei kukho yokuhlala cedu ezibizwa ngokuba Dudinka. Namhlanje ke ikomkhulu elikhulu National District Taimyr. Kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo kulo mmandla ecwangciswe ngayo yi-Great Northern hambo. Inxulunyaniswa la amagama amadoda amakhulu ezininzi - Fedora Minina, Semyon Chelyuskin, bazalwana Laptev nguVasili Pronchishchev kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kwaye iminyaka elikhulu kulo mhlaba wahamba lo naturalist omkhulu Middendorf AF Kamva, kude emdeni losingasiqithi baye batyelela enye, abaphandi ngaphantsi ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwi Arctic: Nansen, uEduard Toll, A. Nordenskjold.

Zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Xa ixesha kophononongo karhulumente yiSoviet le Arctic waqalisa ukuba kuzuze amandla entsha. Ngoko ke, ngo-1918 kunxweme osemantla losingasiqithi ubusika enye nomhloli polar - edume R. Amundsen. Ukongeza, neziyolo ubuqhawe babo kunye nomhloli Russian, ngelo xesha omnye ngokuba "banentsomi" - N. Begichev. Usingasiqithi yomntla Russia kufanele lukhulu kule ndoda anesibindi. A lot of iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwakunento yokwenza negama lakhe. Ngokomzekelo, wabhaqa kwi-Gulf of Khatanga kwesiqithana ongaziwayo, leyo ogama emva kwakhe, wathabatha inxaxheba zobuntlola Arctic, ngaphezu kwakanye wabasindisa ekufeni. Ekondleni Zezokungxokwa kabuhlungu ezilahlekileyo abahloli Arctic. Waza wangcwatywa ehlabathini. Xa banesifo yokuqala abahloli polar Urvantsev GA kuqala wangena NN Ushakov kunye Nqabakazi ka Severnaya Zemlya waza wenza inkcazelo eneenkcukacha.

Le ukukhululeka Taimyr Peninsula

Kunye yonke ubude losingasiqithi yolula omkhulu ezintabeni uluhlu Byrranga. Oku inkqubo lwezintlu okanye iziphaluka parallel ngokunjalo umhlaba olubanzi lihlangana kwakhiwa. Byrranga ezintabeni wandise ngenxa ngeekhilomitha 1100, ububanzi yabo oziikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-200. Ezenzeka apha imilambo Taimyr neentlambo zabo ezahlulwe Pyasina intaba uluhlu ube zahlulo zithathu: empumalanga, kunye yokuphakama kweemitha 600-1146; Central, ekhonyayo - 400-600 m; Western - 250-320 eemitha. Ridge amatye entsonkothileyo Paleozoic kunye nobudala Precambrian, phakathi kwabo kukho indima enkulu idlalwa kwimigibe - oku igneous ukuba zifunjwe ngohlobo amanyathelo.

iimpawu zemozulu le Taimyr Peninsula

Imozulu ezintabeni Taimyr kubanda kakhulu, kabukhali yezwekazi. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo wobushushu ngoJanuwari nguthabatha Degrees 30-33 Celsius, yaye ngoJulayi - dibanisa 2-10. Spring iqala phakathi ku-Juni, yaye ngoAgasti-avareji lobushushu ngemihla sisehla sibengaphantsi zero. Imvula ena Taimyr Peninsula ukusuka mm 120 ukuya-140 ngonyaka ngamnye. East lonke elo lizwe sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo glacier, ummandla elipheleleyo ezikwere zeekhilomitha 50. Iintaba anxibé uhlaza, nto leyo uphawu kumathafa lengxondorha arctic - esilawulwa ulele kunye ubulembu.

chibi Taimyr

Le into zolwelo idityaniswe emlanjeni Tajmyre. Lake iyahlula libe zizabelo ezimbini - ongezantsi (187 km) kunye eliphezulu (567 km). Indawo kulo mzimba yamanzi ekhethekileyo kakhulu kuba ibekwe kude ngaphezu Arctic Circle. Lake Taimyr ke yomntla kanye ehlabathini kweli chibi elikhulu. Le ibekwe emazantsi eentaba Byrranga, kwinqanaba kuyo siyakhuthazeka kwinqanaba 76th anenkululeko ngasentla. Ukususela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba kude kube ngoJuni elwandle ligutyungelwe ngumkhenkce. Iqondo lobushushu amanzi ehlotyeni liphuma izidanga ukuba usidibanise nesibhozo, yaye ebusika - kancinane entla zero.

Peninsula coast

Ukuqwalasela i Taimyr Peninsula kwimaphu, ungabona ukuba kufutshane Ugu iziqithi ezininzi ezincinane. Ezinye zazo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe ezisemagqagaleni, ezinye, phezu koko, iphezulu. Iziqithi babe imilo ngeenxa zonke, emdeni wabo Etsolweni lengxondorha, amawa, ezinye ezihambayo amancinci. iindawo Taimyr Peninsula kananjalo iibhanki eweni, oluwe elwandle zingubo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha - ngokuchasene - i ephantsi ukuxoka kwaye ngobunono izidanga, nangona kude kuzo, oorhec 'iintaba, eliquka lamanqanaba tyaba rock ludaka. East of Cape Chelyuskin ukuya kunxweme kwilizwe osecaleni weentaba. Emva koko ukudlulisa nezihlambo kumgama othile, ze emva koko ibuyisela lilizwe leentaba emideni tyaba kwaye ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe. Sea ukuhlamba Taimyr, nzulu, ngamanye amaxesha kubekho shallows kakuhle kakhulu. Ukususela kuJulayi ukuya ku-Agasti, ukuba iyafumaneka kwiinqanawa, nangona kukho stamuki langoku - i ice iibhloko eyodwa; emasimini hummocks ice ezinkulu nezincinane. Kumaxesha amandulo indawo usingasiqithi ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Oku kungqinwa amaqokobhe yolwandle ezifumaneka kufuphi nomlambo Middendorf Lower Taimyr. Okwangoku, le squid kuhlala amanzi Arctic Ocean. Incam yomntla Taimyr Peninsula wambu ikhephu ne elininzi lonyaka. Summer ihlala ngaphantsi kweeveki ezintandathu, kwaye ngeli xesha kwenzeka kwekhephu.

reserve Taimyr

Taimyr Peninsula thala lendalo lesizwe. Wadala ngo-1979 yi ngengqibo CM of the RSFSR, kodwa ngenxa yokuba neengxaki sombutho waqalisa ukusebenza kuphela ngo-1985. I-Reserve unenkqubo iklasta iquka iindawo ezininzi - Hataganskogo indawo isidambisi, indawo Umbala engundoqo (iindawo Dickson kunye Hatagansky), kwakunye iinxalenye "Arctic", "Lukunsky" kunye "Ary-Mas". indawo yayo ibandakanya ngaphezu kweqondo lama-ezine ekwizibanzi, loo nto imelwe yekhasi ihlathi-kumathafa, zasezintabeni kumathafa, zentaba Byrranga, sub-Arctic, yaye indawo esemazantsi boqobo nelezihlambo eyetundra ulwandle amanzi Gulf of the Sea Laptev.

Eyona njongo iphambili yalo mbutho wokulondoloza Taimyr Reserve, kwakunye ekufundweni zendalo ntaba nezihlambo eziphila kunye kwiindawo ezininzi ehlathini kumantla ehlabathini kwimimandla "Lukunsky" kunye "Ary-Mas". Ukongeza apho, ingqwalasela eyodwa ihlawulwe ukukhuselwa ezisoloko zikho kwilizwe lethu - Goose Red-breast - kwaye inabantu abaninzi ehlabathini adle zasendle. Kutshanje, ngowama-1995, ngoncedo lwe-UNESCO -MaB reserve Taimyr wanikwa iwonga Biosphere. Isebenzisa ezizwe kunye Natural History Museum. Nabani na uqhelane eneencwadi bemveli izinto zobomi kunye nenkcubeko yabantu kummandla, kwakunye nemiboniso eyahlulelwe ukuba uhlobo siqithi, kukho yingqokelela ngezidalwa zamandulo.