Uhlalutyo olunzulu zetekisi: umzekelo. Umbhalo Uhlalutyo Plan: umbhali, isihloko, isimbo, kunye nomxholo

imigangatho State lemfundo kwiiyunivesithi ezijolise ootitshala elizayo uncwadi uhlahlelo olunzulu kwisicatshulwa. Imizekelo imfuneko iinkqubo ezinjalo zinokoyanyaniswa. Eneneni, kwelinye uluhlu nesayensi ukufunda amasiko abantu abacinga ngayo besebenzisa ulwimi kunye nomsebenzi wokubhala, Asinakuyenza ngaphandle philology, njengokuba kuphela unako ukukhonza njengendlela lobuchule yobhalo, kwaye kakuhle eli lweengcali umkhondo-mbini - ulwimi Russian kunye noncwadi. Philology ngokwayo wazalwa ukufunda iitekisi kwaye le mini isebe olunye ulwazi ngabo.

Uhlalutyo: kabili

Ezi zikhombisi baxomoloza lokuzimela kwaye cinga iitekisi phantsi engile ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo - loncwadi kunye neelwimi. Kwimeko yokuqala wasikhangela umsebenzi ukubandakanya uhlobo, wayo umxholo, uluvo, inkqubo image, ukwakhiwa kunye ingakumbi chronotope. Eyesibini uhlola itekisi ngokwemiqathango ulwimi, zakhe iindlela zobugcisa, ezityhutyhayo (epithets, izikweko), ngelishwa, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kokujonga umxholo ngaphandle ukuqonda kwemisebenzi kuphela uhombiso, ukunceda ukuze ziqhakrazise wayethetha yombhali. Nkqu yinqaba Amehlo tiered uhlalutyo okubhaliweyo abafundi kunye nabafundi, abatshabalalisa isidima imveliso abayibona balo, nabo bonke ubulala obugcisa nje uhlalutyo olubanzi yetekisi.

Umzekelo: "Ngaba mbongo imvakalozwi obhityileyo, nokwakhiwa kwezivakalisi kwi imali Tetrameters pentameter yesandi apho uxinezeleko iwela onke 2, 4, 6 kunye iisilabhili 10, emva kokuba ngamnye lwesine - ikhefu ecacileyo elide." kuqhubeka nje: isigama, ipateni yemizobo, morphology, amathuba zesimbo, kwezivakalisi ... Kwaye konke malunga mbongo emangalisayo ngokuthinta "mna ndikuthandile." Ukuba umphefumlo uhlala emva hlaziyo, akukho umphefumlo liya liphola kwisihobe? Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba udityaniso evumelanayo yeelwimi, ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala kunye nezenkcubeko-zembali ebandakanya uhlalutyo olubanzi lwesicatshulwa philological. ukutolikwa UMZEKELO lufanele lukushukumisele ukuba ukuqonda, ukujikelezisa result ethile. Okokuqala, oko Uyenze kwazika luluvo emva kokufunda, ngoko ke inguqu namava ukuqonda indlela kumyalezo yombhali. Yiloo apho ulwazi lokwenene. Ukuba, e iambic, lwazi banda, oku konke lilize mnogoumny uhlalutyo olubanzi ngetekisi leyo. Umzekelo Ukusilela ukufikelela ekujoliswe - hayi ngaphezulu.

Ifomu kunye nesiqulatho

Ngengqiqo ubunye engenakususwa ifomu kunye nesiqulatho kwitekisi lobugcisa, ezizezi, kunye nobugcisa ukugwetyelwa ingqiqo theory sachaza uhlalutyo philological. Uhlaziyo kwitekisi yoncwadi uyila ukusuka umxholo ukwenza, imizimba oko, ukuveza. Komnye umbono, kwaye baphande explicated yi umkhokele imilo ekuqondeni umxholo. Indlela yokuqala kunokuba isiqulatho kokuhlaziya yingozi kwaye kakhulu le ukujongwa, zakha kuhlalutyo, ekubeni umbhalo bafuna isiqinisekiso of lwesimo yakhe, ulwimi kunye nezixhobo zalo nje ibonisa into yokuba kude iyintsomi. Ukususela fomu isiqulatho - indlela nenengqiqo ngakumbi. Epithets, izikweko kunye nezinye ezityhutyhayo zifumaneka inkqubo ihamba, kutheni ukhethe amagama athile, ukuba uqhagamshele njani, nto leyo ekhethwa isakhiwo kunye neefom zegrama, indlela semantics igxininisa umdla womfundi - kwaye ihambelana njani kwisicwangciso. Ngoko acacisa ingcamango yombhali, isimo sakhe sengqondo. Kuphela kwifom nokutshintsha imixholo ubunjalo. Pushkin kaThixo "I love you" uyakwazi izakubekwa imilo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke magic uya kunyamalala.

Le ndlela kakhulu kwandisa amacandelo lungelelanisa kwaye yesemantiki kwitekisi yoncwadi. Kudla kucingwa kwi zonke amaqhekeza: "Cacisa umxholo wesicatshulwa", "Apho kukhatywa khona nendlela itekisi eyakhiwe umzila?", "Uphi na umbhali uyavuma ukutenxa imithetho zolwimi jikelele yaye kutheni?" kwaye njalo njalo. Kwaye oku kukhokelela kukuba okubhaliweyo yemeko iqwengiwe, eziwayo yinyani, izinto isiseko, apho a ngokupheleleyo, olunzulu kunye calulo olupheleleyo ayiniki yombhali kwisicatshulwa ukuqonda. Kodwa ukuba endaweni "imisele isihloko isicatshulwa 'ukuba acele kwenkcazo ubume yesemantiki, le nkqubo iza kuhamba owodwa, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukumiselwa imixholo ombambazelayo - ilula, ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kuhlalutyo, umzekelo, umbongo bokuqonda zayo ezithile. Nokuphimisela abazitshintshi ukuba lichonge imixokelelwane lwesemantiki ukuba kudala ubudlelwane kunye unxibelelwano apho zombini wayeza incremented omnye "kwamanzi," intsingiselo entsha. Ingqalelo semantics yetekisi yongeza elubala, into leyo eyenza igalelo nokujula kokuqonda.

esikolweni

Kuba abafundi zohlalutyo kwisicatshulwa Le mbono kufuneka aliqulunqileyo ngokufutshane, ecacisa yaye ingongoma, uhlalutyo kufuneka ikakhulu lebyi ejolise ukuqonda, ngengqiqo - "inyathelo ngenyathelo". Nawo nawuphi na umsebenzi okubhaliweyo kufuneka yenziwe ngobuchule, yinto umbhalo yokuluka okanye journalistic. Zonke iintlobo zezicatshulwa ngokoqobo iyanditya umntu namhlanje, ingakumbi umfundi: intengiso esitratweni kwaye kwi TV, irediyo, amaphephandaba, iimagazini, amaphepha, iingxelo, izicatshulwa yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa, nkqu SMS okanye izimvo ezibhaliweyo kule foram kwi Internet. Kubekho ugxalathelwano kwizicatshulwa zolwazi ngamandla amakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba okokuqala kufuneka sifunde ukukhetha kulo ulwandle kuphela ebaluleke kakhulu, entle emnandi. itekisi Journalistic namhlanje ipesenti enkulu sobunzima lolwazi, kwaye olwalo uhlalutyo olubanzi Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kuba abafundi ngale ndlela nje kuphela izakhono kunye nokuzimisela ifom kwezibonelelo zolwimi, kodwa kuqala - ixabiso yobuhle lo mbhalo. Ukwenza oku eklasini, abafundi bafunde iziyilo becala Classic, ukwenza isicwangciso analysis itekisi, becacisa yaye uchaze imvelaphi le mifanekiso, uze wenze itekisi efana elilelakhe - by mfanekiso, ngaloo ndlela ekwandiseni isigama, ukufunda izimbo ezahlukeneyo yokukhuluma ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi. Ngaphezu koko, kucacile ukuba imfuneko ukufunda nefonetiki, igrama, morphemics kunye nazo zonke ezinye amasebe isayensi kweelwimi kukukwazi ukuze adlulisele iingcamango zabo nokuqonda omnye. Ukusebenza nabafundi luqhutywa ngezigaba, ekupheleni kwecandelo ngalinye Uvavanyo lwenziwa sokubhala okanye iprojekthi. Into esemqoka ngale ndlela - ukunceda abafundi bafumane umendo wophendlo, kuba yintoni injongo kunye nobuchule ezizodwa isifundo wesicatshulwa. Kuza ukuba likhoboka ethile - high - uhlobo lonxibelelwano, abafundi bafunda ukuba ukumamela, ukuqulunqa imibuzo kwaye uphendule ngokucacileyo.

Nendlela yokucwangcisela uhlalutyo umbhalo

Itekisi kuhlalutyo kuqwalaselwa kumanqanaba ngamanqanaba, odolo zazo inokwahluka ngendlela ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ucele ezichaphazela ngayo kwimeko ethile. Kodwa kunjalo kuyimfuneko ukuzulazula iimpawu eziphambili wesicatshulwa, uhlobo zokuthetha iindlela zayo. Kuba kucetywa kuqala bajonge i parameters zilandelayo.

• Bhala umbhalo le ntetho.
• Ekwakhiweni, ebonisa inani leeyunithi yesemantiki kunye microtia kuzo.
• Uhlobo ikhonkco kwisicatshulwa - ukukhonkca enxuseneyo okanye chain.
• Yintoni kuthetha naye igrama kunye nesigama.
• Style intetho umbhalo - journalistic, ethandwayo lwenzululwazi, igosa ishishini, ubugcisa, ingxoxo, elifunyanwa umbhali wesicatshulwa.
• Umxholo wesicatshulwa kwaye yintoni ulwimi yindlela elungiselelwe ngobunye bayo.
• Ingcamango basic (ingcamango) okubhaliweyo.

iimpawu zendlela kanye uhlobo

umbhalo Scientific yohlukile enye ingcinga ntetho, ngokubanzi, i abstract, iinkcazelo oluchanekileyo ekuqiqeni ntetho. A ezahlukeneyo kancinane embhalweni wakhe nenzululwazi ethandwayo. Umzekelo zingafunyanwa kulo naliphi na kwijenali yenzululwazi, apho oku okanye loo nto okanye ubhaqo ukubonisa uluhlu olubanzi kubafundi, into ke leyo ethetha ukuba Itekisi kufuneka ibe 'umdla yaye kulula kangakanani. Kwaye apha esebenza kunye nesimbo lwenzululwazi okanye journalistic okanye ubugcisa. Journalistic efanayo - ezikhoyo, ukutshiseka, ebiza, iimvakalelo, otsenochen, imifanekiso, kunye enengqondo. umbhalo Artistic kwahlukile imifanekiso ophezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu iindlela zolwimi - graphic novakalelo. Uhlobo lombhalo-ushishino olusemthethweni ayikho zobuqu, eyenzelwe, izilungiso, kunye amazwi ngqo, esisemgangathweni, ukungaphangalali wakha. itekisi Othetha ubonisa sesikweni kwaye ekhululekile, abaphinda yeviwayo lonxibelelwano kunye intetho engalungiswanga.

umbhalo Science afumaneka kwiincwadi neejenali, iintyilalwazi, izichazi-magama, monographs, theses. Iintlobo ezimbini ngokwayo izibandakanya itekisi edumileyo inzululwazi, umzekelo zingafunyanwa kulo naliphi na lowu eyayinikelwe isithuba, ubugcisa, kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Ngu nocoselelo logic ntetho yenzululwazi iqhotyoshelwe isikakhulu polemical ukufumaneka kwayo kunye nemifanekiso. umbhalo Journalistic na uphawu ingxaki lesincoko, nto leyo iphakamisa ingxaki ukubaluleka lwentlalo kunye nohlahlelo ngeendlela zokusombulula le ngxaki, le umzobo umzobo, into leyo eyaye iinkcukacha zomntu ethile, ibali zokuhamba kunye nomzobo endalo, ubomi kunye namava zokuhamba, kunokuba inqaku kwiphephandaba okanye inqaku. umbhalo Artistic lunikezelwa ezahlukeneyo neentlobo - umbongo lyric, ibali, umzekeliso, kusenokuba isiqwengana kwinoveli okanye ibali. umbhalo ushishino olusemthethweni sifumanisa kwizicelo, izaziso, kunye amanqaku achazayo, angobomi, amagunya igqwetha, izibhengezo. Ngezantsi siya kubonisa ngokweenkcukacha umahluko phakathi kwezi uhlobo.

Iindlela style nkulumo

Kwisicatshulwa yenzululwazi, isici uphawu neyokubhala ezi zinto zilandelayo: la magama asetyenziswa kuphela ngenye ingqiqo, ukuba cala, eqhelekileyo, ngokubanzi lwezenzululwazi (njengoko isifaniso, iinkcukacha, amandla, njl ...), hakanyingi ngokuphindaphindiweyo amagama yombhalo, izixhobo ezimile bengekho. umbhalo Journalistic - isikakhulu isigama kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, nto leyo emele ingqiqo yokuziphatha, amayeza, yokuziphatha, ngezengqondo, ezoqoqosho kunye njalo njalo. Kwakhona yintatheli ziphuphumela iindlela ukuphembelela iimvakalelo zabantu - ifana syntactic epithets, uthelekiso, uphindaphindo lungelelanisa, kwezidalwa, amazwi kunye namaqhalo, uphindo zoncwadi, uburharha, uvuthondaba, isigqebelo, njalo-njalo.

iitekisi zoncwadi ebhalwe style eliphezulu zemibongo. Kukho kuyanda isigama incwadi, apho kuphela izafobe intetho esetyenziswa kwisicatshulwa, isimbo zobugcisa imbues yakhe zomthonyama, lwaso, zobungcali kunye zoshishino abolekwe style journalistic ipharonimi kuyahambisana, izichasi, staroslavyanizmy kunye archaisms, neologisms. style ushishino olusemthethweni na ingeniso eqhelekileyo, isigama esikhethekileyo, collocations ngokunqongophala umxholo ngokweemvakalelo.

kusho morphology ekhululekile

Xa style lwezenzululwazi ngabona izibizo ngokufuthi neuter (imfundo, ipropati), izibizo ngomlomo Izenzi phakathi kwentsingiselo ngokubanzi okanye siphazamiseke (ingxaki kukuba kukhokelela zifana, kwaye ezifana), indlela esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi uhlobo izenzi abangafezekanga azisetyenziswa amagama antsonkothileyo kwisicatshulwa, kodwa ixesha elininzi izimelabizo lesithathu-mntu. Okubhaliweyo journalistic iqulethe izenzi ezininzi kunyanzelekile babuye, isoloko isetyenziswa esibizo genitive njengoko iinkcazelo engangqinelaniyo (kumazwe non-ico, ilizwi ihlabathi, njalo njalo).

umbhalo Artistic kwahlukile izenzi Ukwanda ngenxa ngobunzulu kunye uthsintsho samanyathelo, kusetyenziswa Verbless, uphawu olunga-lobuqu akuphelelwa unika ubukho infinitives, inani enkulu ngomthendeleko yokuchazwa item njengeqanda kunye neempawu zayo the Dynamics iindidi amatyala kusetyenziswa ukuncedisa ibinzana (kunye ablative - amahle, njengomculo ecula) wasebenzisa izichazi elifutshane, isimelabizo elingenammiselo kwisiganeko elikude, kwaye kunye bunini yokudluliswa injabulo vannosti okanye ukunyaniseka. isimbo-ushishino olusemthethweni usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ekwakheni isicatshulwa. Akunamsebenzi iintlobo yezenzi kunye nezimelabizo zobuqu yomntu wokuqala nowesibini ivumele, kwaye umntu wesithathu bekhalisa kwexabiso licaciswe. izibizo Collective esetyenziswa kwi khowudi kunye nemimiselo babeka izenzi imperfective, kwaye kwimizuzu - ogqibeleleyo.

Iindlela yokukhuluma yokuma kwezivakalsi

Kwisicatshulwa yenzululwazi, ulwandelelwano lwamagama ithe tye, oluninzi izivakalisi bukathixo, yaye akuphuhlanga-zobuqu, oluninzi izivakalisi ezimbaxa, wayedla ebelidlula ngomlomo kunye ibinzana participial, eli binzana lisetyenziswa kwimeko genitive, kunye yesibizo plus isibizo. Kumbhalo journalistic unxulunyaniswa ngomsonto isiqalo kwisemantiki kunye nesiphelo sesicatshulwa, esebenzisa amagama bomzi, amagama intshayelelo kunye nezivakalisi ezibandakanyekayo kunye namabinzana ebelidlula ngomlomo, ngokufuthi izivakalisi ezimbaxa. Kwakhona ithetha lukhulu apha kwaye okubhaliweyo isihloko.

isimbo-ushishino olusemthethweni zetekisi unika ukohluka ngenxa izivakalisi zinzima ezilula kunye amathuba ezazinemidla kunye namalungu eyohlobo olulodwa. A itekisi yoncwadi iqulethe iziphakamiso kunye zogxininiso kunye exclamatory, namabali, zinokuba ngokupheleleyo yaye ayiphelelanga, omnye-sifuba kunye multi-sifuba. Apha inkululeko epheleleyo yokuzikhethela yeendlela ezibonwayo kunye novakalelo.

analysis yobuciko

Uhlalutyo kungcono kwenziwa isicwangciso eliqinisekileyo ukutyhila ngokupheleleyo sisithembiso zombhali kulo msebenzi.

• Qala ukhululekile kakhulu kwimbali yendalo.
• Endleleni eya kuzisa ulwazi malunga kukuvela imixholo kunye neengcamango. Ukusuka apha uqale ekuhlalutyeni iingxaki.
• Elilandelayo isakhiwo sebali kunye nokwakheka.
• ukubandakanya Uhlobo.
• Heroes - ezinkulu nezincinane, indima zazo eziphambili.
• Iimpawu zolwimi: isigama, ipateni yemizobo, morphology, lwesivakalisi.
• izixhobo ezibonwayo kunye nendlela yokuvakalisa, indima yabo kunye nendlela isicelo.
• Size, isingqisho kunye strofika ukuba lo mbongo.
• Nomsebenzi wonke kunye nendima yayo ehlabathini kunye noncwadi Russian.
• Olugunyazisiweyo self-uvavanyo.

Act kwisicwangciso - isigqibo esifanelekileyo, ingakumbi xa injongo - ukufundisa abafundi ukuba baqonde umsebenzi wobugcisa e kubuhle, ubunye lwesemantiki kunye yokuziphatha.

kwikholeji

Abafundi-Philologists ngokusondeleyo phezu Ezolimi, kwaye ke ngoko uhlalutyo itekisi olubanzi ukuba ayikho ingxaki. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza izimvo kweelwimi ukunceda ukulungiselela uhlaziyo Philology. Iinjongo analysis kwiilwimi kusenokwenzeka ukuba iitekisi zoncwadi, babe naluphi na uhlobo kunye nezimbo. Injongo uhlahlelo kweelwimi izicatshulwa non-fiction yaye phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi, esi sifundo umbutho ulwimi, kuba luhlobo yokuvakalisa izimvo kunye nesiqulatho umsebenzi. Entsimini umbono onke amanqanaba lolwimi kuthetha - yaye syntactic kunye morphological, kwaye lungelelanisa ne phonetic.

Kakade ke, ingqalelo yomfundi kufuneka ingqalelo kakhulu ingqalelo lubalulekileyo ebambekayo kunye semantically kuthetha kolwimi, yaye, ke, lungelelanisa - umgaqo yokuqala, ukususela ilizwi nayiphi na itekisi unikwa indima ekhethekileyo ekunabiseni intsingiselo kwisemantiki. Abafundi baqhelene ngokuzimeleyo uhlalutyo yeelwimi, siyazi ukuba kufuneka uphendule ngokulandelelana ikakhulu le mibuzo ilandelayo.

• Yintoni le lombhalo, yintoni na umxholo wayo?
• Ngaba le ngxaki ebuziweyo esi sicatshulwa, yenye okanye ngaphezulu wabo? List.
• Ingaba umbhali elisombulula ingxaki indlela nokuphendula imibuzo, yintoni na isikhundla sakhe njani?
• Yintoni zesimbo iindlela neelwimi ezisetyenziswa ngumbhali ukuvakalisa isikhundla sakhe sengqondo malunga emi ingxaki?
• Yintoni na isimo umfundi malunga zabucala wabuza ingxaki lombhali, nokuba indawo yahlukile umbhali?

esebenzisa ulwimi

izicatshulwa zihlalutywe ingaba zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zolwimi, kuquka lungelelanisa, morphological, syntactic, phonetic, kwaye njalo njalo. Noko ke, kule eziphambili kuyimfuneko ukuba achaze na.

• ndlela lungelelanisa: ukusetyenziswa ntonye nezichasi, amagama OMFUTSHANE ngengqiqo yokomfuziselo, phraseology, isigama nemibala eqaqambileyo - isigama ngokomfanekiso okanye emphefumlweni ezinemibala stylistically - phezulu, phantsi, okanye incwadi, kwincoko, Slavonicisms, archaisms kunye like. Apha kuyimfuneko ukukhankanya ubukho tropes - epithets, uthelekiso, izikweko, tiga, synecdoche, ubaxo, litotes, abadlali ngalisayo, ngokuba umzila ngasinye ezisebenzayo zabo kunye nendima yabo kakhulu.
• Ifonetiki yezinto ezibalulekileyo - lo zandi kunye nemfano-zikhamiso (uphindaphindo lwezikhamiso kunye zandi).
• Xa morphology-mali zabo, baninzi kwaye akanakuba a lokufaka epheleleyo. Umzekelo, ngobuninzi yezenzi okanye ento unika Dynamics itekisi, kodwa ukuba a lot of izichazi, ukufunda isingqi ehla ngokucacileyo, amasuntswana eqhagamshelweyo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye Ukusebenzisa iindidi zesigama ukunika itekisi yimvakalelo enkulu njalo njalo.
• Yobeko manani syntactic - intsimi enkulu ukuba ukukhetha indlela ofuna ukuyithetha. Esi sakhiwo zezivakalisi, kunye nobukhulu. Ngokutsho isakhiwo inika olulula eziBekekileyo kunye nezintsonkothileyo, kunye ubukho amalungu ezingephi, ngokutsho umsebenzi yazo njalo njalo. Amanani Syntactic ekunokwenzeka lulandelayo: phindo okanye ugxininise elinye kunye lizwi linye, epiphora kunye anaphora, amalungu ukufana syntactic - igama okanye ibinzana efanayo ekupheleni ibinzana ekuqaleni lulandelayo-up, phinda izalathandawo kunye nezihlanganisi ubuncinane uze uphinde kwezivakalisi yonke njenge eliphezulu kweziqu - ukomelezwa okanye buthathaka ingqiqo okanye ukubaluleka ngokweemvakalelo kwinkqubo kwiqela ngabom amagama okanye izakhiwo lonke, inversion - umyalelo igama engaqhelekanga, uchasaniso - umahluko omkhulu phakathi yavl Nij okanye imiba, umbuzo-buciko okanye isikhuzo - ayifuni impendulo, kodwa imvakalelo olukhulayo.

wamagama

Ukuhlalutya umsebenzi wobugcisa, ungumfundi, isimiso, uyaphendula kuphela imibuzo emibini: "Yintoni?" yaye "Njani?", apho yokuqala - le nje kuphela umbandela imveliso enye zonke iingxaki zawo, kodwa endaweni yayo kwimeko boncwadi nezembali. Kodwa umba yesibini sele inkqubo art yonke, ukuba lifana hlabathi eziphilayo obugcisa, zonke iindawo apho ubomi ngalo lonke aze azuze amandla kuphuma kumthombo omnye.

Anzulu Uhlalutyo elizimeleyo iitekisi zoncwadi kubonwa inkqubo oluthi, ngawo wadala yabo ukutolikwa kunye namava ulonwabo lokwenene okuqonda kunye neendlela zokubona, nto leyo yanceda ukuba ukudala itekisi yokuluka. Hlalutya inkosi igama imidlalo imincili, ngokuba kulula kakhulu ukufundisa abafundi abancinane, ongazange ayeke ukudlala kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe.