Kutheni isayensi injini inkqubela zobugcisa? Ubudlelwane esayensi nemfundo

Kutheni isayensi injini inkqubela zobugcisa? Ekuhambeni yophuhliso yayo yembali, ngokuthe ngcembe abantu bafunda ukusebenzisa amandla endalo kunye umhlaba unako ukutshintsha ngaphaya ingqalelo. Ngabantu ngoobani bemeko- izinto ezininzi, imisebenzi mihle yobugcisa, uncwadi kunye nenzululwazi.

I-revolution mveliso kunye nenkqubela lobunzululwazi nobugcisa

Zaqala ukuba zizilwanyana zasekhaya umlilo yaye ngokuthe ngcembe bafunda ukusebenzisa amandla akhe. Kuphela emva kwenkulungwane, abantu baye bafunda ukuba usebenzise indlela amandla omoya, amanzi nelanga. Kuba amandla indoda yafunyanwa kwaye baqalisa ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezibonelelo energy: amalahle, i-oyile, irhasi yendalo, shale ioli, amanzi kunye namandla enyukliya. Kungekudala kangaka eyadlulayo, indoda omashini wazibeka operation injini umphunga, nto leyo idabi entsimini kwimveliso.

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga kutheni inzululwazi ungamandla eziqhuba inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kusungulwe ugesi isnike revolution mveliso. Kokugunyaziswa mechanical, umphunga kunye neemoto zombane uye wanceda gcina abantu msebenzi unzima kwaye umngeni. Imishini kuvumela iinkqubo ezininzi ukusebenzisa wayila lwenzululwazi ngendlela engazange mveliso. Kodwa indlela ende kunye nzima.

Ukusuka a ngoomatshini jikelele esizisebenzelayo ngokupheleleyo

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, ngoku lixesha lokuba eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ubukho - ilixa revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe. Kwathi ngenxa oomatshini jikelele kunye esizisebenzelayo ngokupheleleyo. Uphando kunye nokufunyaniswa kwinkalo yenyukliya ngokucandeka kunye fusion ngayo isithembiso ukuba uluntu phantse umthombo umthombo wamandla.

Kutheni isayensi injini inkqubela zobugcisa? Okwangoku, kuba iye yaba enamandla amandla oneziqhamo kuluntu. isilawuli esizisebenzelayo Universal yenye migangatho ibaluleke kakhulu inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, njengoko kuthatha phezu phantse wonke umsebenzi ngoomatshini, kunye neekhompyutha zekhompyutha zisuswe mntu yobunzima ngengqondo, eshiya ixesha elingakumbi kwimisebenzi yoyilo. Wenza umahluko ngaphantsi zibonakale phakathi kwabasebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni. Yiloo nto inzululwazi ungamandla eziqhuba inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Ubudlelwane esayensi nemfundo

Uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili womntu indima ebonakalayo bobabo inzululwazi lamandla oluntu, ukukwazi layo ukufunda, baqonde kwaye bacacise nesenzeko ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi eziphathekayo. Kweli hlabathi kukho iinkalo ezininzi ngenzululwazi. Enye yazo eziphilayo - inzululwazi ye imichiza kunye neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo zenzeka eziphilayo. Isifundo zesifundo zezi biomolecules ukuba ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo esiphilayo. biology lokwakheka ukufunda ngezakhiwo kunye nemilo macromolecules yebhayoloji - ngeeproteni nangenucleic acids.

Umhlaza Biology - isifundo kwephulwa kunye nokukhula kwamalweyile ngendlela iiseli ezithile, iithishu okanye ngokwamalungu omzimba. Iseli eziphilayo ufunda ubomi bezityalo izityalo, echaphazela yonke imiba yokusingqongileyo kunye olusetyenziswa ngayo Okusingqongileyo kwendalo, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana. Cytology iphanda iiseli, iimpawu zabo komzimba, isakhiwo, organelles ziqulathe, kwakunye intsebenziswano kunye nokusingqongileyo, umjikelo wobomi, iyantlukwano kunye nokufa. Ezinto Uxilongo - isifundo efuna ukusebenzisa ukuqonda awongezelelekileyo kunye eziphuculweyo isiseko beemolekyuli zesi sifo ngokwenza imifanekiso amatsha (probe) ngenxa eziphambili ezibaluliweyo eziphilayo.

ebayala zesayensi

• Chemistry. iMbonakalo-ngqo yoBume - isifundo kwemichiza ubume izinto zendalo kunye ngumntu, kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo okufumana ezinjalo kokwakheka. chemistry Environmental - inzululwazi nesenzeko yemichiza zengqo- ukuba kwenzeka kwiindawo emoyeni, umhlaba namanzi, kwakunye nefuthe ezenziwa ngabantu. chemistry ezingaphiliyo efundelwa iimpawu kunye nokuziphatha iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo, chemistry organic - Organic. chemistry Pharmaceutical - isifundo koyilo, kuyondelelaniswe kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso amayeza. chemistry Physical ukufunda isicelo of yemvelo ukuba ongatshintshiyo, abancinane kakhulu, atom, eathom kunye izenzakalo mechanical kwiinkqubo imichiza.

• eziphilayo yophuhliso imizila yemfuza. Biology yophuhliso - ekufundweni iinkqubo apho izinto akhule. Evolution kunye eziphilayo yophuhliso sihlolisise ubudlelwane phakathi yokuzivelela kunye nophuhliso eziphilayo okanye iqela eziphilayo ewu iimpawu yemfuza, eziphilayo, ngezidalwa zamandulo kwakunye uhlalutyo ithiyori kunye nokusingqongileyo. Genetics - isifundo genes kunye nelifa uphawu bakufikise, kwakunye ukuziphatha zofuzo ngexesha division iseli ezintsha.

• Engineering, physics nakwimathematika. Bioengineering - ekufundweni imigaqo zobunjineli kwicandelo eziphilayo kunye namayeza. Biophysics - inzululwazi ojongene zamandla basebenze iiseli zomzimba ophilileyo, ulwalamano phakathi ukuziphatha bemvelo kwezakhiwo eziphilileyo, iimpembelelo ngokwasemzimbeni leyo apho esichengeni, kwakunye nokwakheka iinkqubo zobomi kunye nezimo. Biostatistics - isifundo kuphuhliso nasekusetyenzisweni komgaqo iindlela manani kunye namacebo ukusombulula iingxaki. By - ukufunda inzululwazi isicelo kunye nobugcisa umxholo wayo sigqibo esalimanyanisa - yiyo ulawulo lomba kwinqanaba atom ezinto.

• Zizifo - lokufundwa kwazo zonke iinkalo amajoni omzimba kuzo zonke izinto.

• Microbiology, prokaryotes ngeebhakther ukufunda, kuquka iintsholongwane. Environmental Microbiology lijongana nasekufundweni kwemisebenzi kunye zezinto eziphilayo kwiindawo zazo zendalo. Physiology ezincinane - nasekufundweni kwemisebenzi eziphilayo kunye nenkani. Mycology - ukufunda nomngundo, iimpawu zabo yemfuza kunye nemvelo. Ipharasitholo- - ukufunda lenyama ekumfimfitheni kunye helminths. Ngumzuzu - nezifundo ngeentsholongwane yebhayoloji kunye arhente ntsholongwane-like.

• eziphilayo azo. Ngezakhi - ukufunda imaphu kunye nohlahlelo izakhi zofuzo eziphilayo, ezijolise ekuqondeni ufuzo ngokupheleleyo. Proteomics - isifundo kwiproteni ukwakhiwa iiseli. Bioinformatics - a yezobunzululwazi inxaxheba kuphando, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa izixhobo azo kunye neendlela ngenxa ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwedatha zebhayoloji, lonyango, zokuziphatha okanye unyango. intambo yekhompyutha yonxibelelwano - inzululwazi ejongene ukusetyenziswa kweekhompyutha kunye nobuchule manani ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa, ukuhlelwa, ukugcinwa, retrieval kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi. Eli qela lukwaquka eziphilayo azo, ucikizeko zemathematika nezenzululwazi yekhompyutha.

• Neurology. Neurobiology - isifundo iiseli e-nervous system nokucwangciswa iiseli iziphaluka ezisebenzayo. Neurology - imfundiso nervous system, kuquka ingqondo, luvo umnqonqo, yaye ukuze ukuzinzisa ukuqonda kwengcamango yoluntu, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha.

• Physiology. Human - inzululwazi kwefom kunye nolwakhiwo eziphilayo kunye nezahlulo zabo. Hormone - imfundiso amadlala kunye iihomoni omzimba kunye nezifo ezinxulumene. Pharmacology - iziyobisi isifundo. Physiology - inzululwazi imisebenzi eziphilayo kunye nezahlulo zabo. Kwisidumbu lijongana isifundo yohlobo ityhefa kunye nonyango yityhefu. Systems biology - ukufunda eziphilayo.

• beeSayensi zezeNtlalo zokuziphatha kunye nempilo yoluntu. Psychology - ukufunda ingqondo yokuziphatha. Kwabantu - inzululwazi kubomi bentlalo, utshintsho ekuhlaleni, izizathu kunye neziphumo yokuziphatha kwabantu. Ukufundwa - ukufunda yomntu. nempilo yoluntu kunye lwezifo kufundwa ngabanye, uluntu, imisebenzi kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ukukhuthaza ezempilo, kweli lizwe nakwihlabathi.