Nomdlali Fyodor the: biography, ubuchule

Wabizwa ngokuba "injini kubomi", i "uyise theatre Russian, 'yaye igama lakhe ngebande elinye kunye M. V. Lomonosovym.

Biography Fedora Volkova

Fedor Grigorevich the wazalelwa kwidolophu encinane kummandla Kostroma. Weza kwintsapho yomthengisi. UYise umdlali elizayo safa xa usaqhubeka umntwana. Emva kokufa kwakhe, unina (Marya Yakovlevna) Kungekudala ndadibana nomyeni wakhe elizayo kwaye utshatile kwakhona, emva koko intsapho iphela kuhlala Yaroslavl. Fedor Polushkin (Fedi tata) Umrhwebi eziphethwe izityalo ezininzi.

uqeqesho

Inkwenkwe aqeqeshwa ukufunda nokubhala ukusuka umfundisi wendawo kwaye sele kwezi klasi ukuba babonise izakhono zabo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Iingcuka baqala esemncinane ukunceda ubaba wakhe ishishini. Kulo mba, kunye Saint - Petersburg inkwenkwe idibana ekuqaleni. Apha ubona kuqala opera Italian, yeqonga yaso waseJamani kunye Russian. Ephawula kwesi- lo mfana ngengqondo kunye nokukwazi ukufunda, nkqu Polushkin wagqiba ukwenza Theodore yindlalifa kunye ezihlangwini ubomi bakhe. ubudlelwane Family zihamba kakuhle, yaye Fedor Polushkin wafumana kakuhle, unyana omncinane nje kuphela, kodwa bonke abazalwana bakhe.

Ukuba siqhubeke sifundana Volkova wathunyelwa eMoscow, kule Akhademi. Apha wafunda uMthetho kaThixo, isiJamani nakwimathematika. Loo mfana waba olungaka enkulu ukufunda iilwimi, kwaye waseJamani kakuhle kwimfezeko. Kakade ngelo xesha Fedor Kuluvuyo olukhulu inxaxheba edlalwa kumabala emidlalo, kubanjelwa Academy. Wayedlala ngeKrismesi e iidrama, Amahlaya kunye neentlekele. Inkwenkwe wayebalasele koontanga bakhe iitalente zabo kuphela, kodwa ingqondo edlamkileyo engqondo, ukukwazi ukuguqula ngokulula.

Xa iminyaka Fedoru Volkovu 17 ubudala, Polushkin ugqiba kwelokuba ndimthumele kuye, ukufunda accounting zorhwebo. Fyodor the waya eSt Petersburg kwaye kukho amalungiselelo kwi-ofisi German. Kulapha ukuba lo mfana owayo uthandana yokubonela, yaye nokuba babe nomnqweno ukuvula i yeqonga kwilizwe kwikhaya lakhe - e Yaroslavl, apho kunokubeka kwingxelo imisebenzi Russian yamandulo. Petersburg kunye ngezakhiwo negalelo ekwakhiweni ukungcamla yaye ingqiqo sokuhomba. Apha the yenza imizobo, imifuziselo kunye nemizobo, leyo kamva zenza isiseko ke wakha yokubonela. Nomdlali Fyodor the, ogama iifoto bunokubonwa kulo mbandela, nokuba ke ndandingenakho nokulicingela ikamva lam ngaphandle ingqondo yemveli. Oku koko kwenzekayo.

Productions kuqala

Nomdlali Fyodor the (umhla wokuzalwa yi Februwari 20, 1729) xa eneminyaka engama-19 akukho nkxaso yooyise - ubaba wakhe wafa. I-lifa Polushkin nkwenkwe amagqabi mveliso yabo. Emva ubhaliso lwepropati kwaye afumane nokuzimela zemali Fyodor potter unomdla kakhulu yeqonga. Yena uqala zakhe ukwenza abahlobo yeqonga, enza ingxelo kulo navimba, apho impahla ngaphambili igcinwe. NgoJuni 1950, xa imveliso ukukhanya edlalwa ezimbini, umculo apho wabhalwa yedwa potter ( "Estere" yaye "Evmon kunye Berfa"). Abantu balapha wasazisa ubuchule leetalente abaselula, yaye kungekudala Fedor uyakwazi ukufumana kubaxhasi kuluntu eliphezulu. Voivod Musin-Pushkin kunye nomnini uMike wacela amalungu oluntu ophezulu ukunika uncedo lwemali ukuze abadlali aspiring baze babaxhase umnqweno wabo ukwakha yemiboniso, apho bonke abahlali isixeko kakuhle ukuchitha ixesha abasebenzisa le midlalo.

Fyodor the theatre njengoko ndiyaphupha

Ekuqaleni kuka-1751 yokuvulwa yeqonga kuthatha indawo, leyo ke opera "Tito Inceba", potter liguqulelwe Italian. Le nkundla wadlala inani enkulu edlalwa, yaye kamva phantsi kolwalathiso Fedora Volkova asebenza abadlali abaninzi abadumileyo.

udumo

zemidlalo Famous umzi Yaroslavl wakhula imihla ngemihla yaye kungekudala udumo lwakhe beza uKumkanikazi ngokwakhe. Ngeli xesha, imfuneko ukuqinisekisa imeko yeqonga wakhula, leyo ezinxulumene ukukwazi ukwandisa iwonga le lizwe kunye nokusekwa njengorhulumente wale mihla yaseYurophu. Elizaveta Petrovna wayenqwenela Qinisekisa ukubona zonke amehlo. Ebutsheni bowe-1952, umdlali Fyodor potter sele wanika midlalo eSt Petersburg. Xa inkundla ukuba ebidlalwe comedy "Ngomhla inguquko yomntu enesono" intlekele "Horev", "yeSinayi Truvor", "Hamlet", kunye nabanye. Ukuba uKumkanikazi Theatre alikhange abakuthandayo, kunye the ngokukhawuleza waba artist enkundleni yaye kudlalwa eqongeni yobungcali. Ezinamazinyo of Fedor ndawo efanayo (zezona ngcali zinetalente) bathunyelwa ukuya kufumana uqeqesho yeCadet, kunye nabanye - ekhaya emva kunye nomvuzo. Brothers the kwakhona ihlawulwe ingqalelo, abhaliswa kungekudala uqeqesho kwi-yeCadet Corps eSt Petersburg.

Imfundo emzimbeni udlula inkqubo yokwenza, abadlali afundiswa kuphela umgangatho ingqeqesho; nabo bafunda iilwimi zasemzini, ezenzululwazi kunye imithambo, ubuchule kumabala emidlalo of ukuphindwa. Ngexesha lokuqeqesha kabini kufumana umvuzo.

theatre yoluntu Russian

Ngo-Agasti 1756 i-uKumkanikazi wakhupha ummiselo osemthethweni ukusekwa theatre yoluntu Russian. Yenziwe ngu theatre Russian yayahluke kakhulu kule nkundla kwinkundla pre-ezikhoyo. It ukuba bonke abemi baloo mzi, kwaye imboniselo yokudlala ihlawulwe. umlawuli Theatre ityumbe A. P. Sumarokova. Fyodor the waba umdlali ezingundoqo umlawuli oncedisayo. Emva kokufa Sumarokova indawo ngaye ngeposi (1761).

italente umdlali lowo

Kuba the Kwathiwa fixed isihloko tragedian oyintloko yeqonga. Inikwe kakuhle kakhulu kuye indima kwakufuneka ukudlala inani elikhulu (umzekelo, i-American kwi "ingcwele isidima" ye Hamlet, uyalele yi Jaropolk "Jaropolk and Demiza" kunye nabanye). Kodwa ubuncinane yena edlala kakuhle kwaye comedic iindima. Ezo italente ezahlukeneyo lwalunqabile kwinkalo kumabala emidlalo. Uhlobo umdlali ephambili umdlalo zahlukile kwezi. Ulungile kakhulu kwaye kumba yeqonga, wayesazi yonke imithetho yakhe izinqumo. Oku wamvumela ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ukuthobela imithetho emiselwe ze udlale ngokuthanda. Xa sijonga italente yakhe, Sumarokov babhala izinto ezininzi ngaye; lwazo lunikezelwe kuye lula kwaye eshiya ezingqondweni phezu kubabukeli. Volkova wabiza ezibalulekileyo umdlali ilungileyo yeqonga. italente yakhe yabalasela enjalo ngabantu elihlonelwayo xesha, njengoko D. I. Fonvizinym, J. Stehlin, N. I. Novikovym, G. R. Derzhavinym kunye nabanye. The wothulelw akukho imidlalo ngaphantsi kweshumi elinesihlanu ezahlukeneyo.

Okunye iitalente Volkova

Ukukwazi Fedora Volkova kungaphelelanga yeqonga, wayaneka kwezinye iindawo. Yena waba nomkroli obalaseleyo - oqingqiweyo esangweni lokumkani e St Nicholas Nadeinskoy ibandla e Yaroslavl ziye zenziwe kubo. Kananjalo wenza umhlola marble uPetros Omkhulu. Kwakhona Umpeyinti Fedor waba nangobuchule wabhala oluninzi imifanekiso.

Ngowe-1759 Fyodor potter, engobomi lakhe waqala kwidolophu encinane kummandla Kostroma, uya eMoscow ukuze inguqu yeqonga eMoscow. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oku kuthatha abadlali ezimbalwa ukusuka St Petersburg.

Indima kwezombangazwe

Nomdlali Fyodor the yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi kwezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Wathabatha inxaxheba ukubhukuqwa Peter III. Wadlala indima umcebisi ukuya uKumkanikazi Catherine, baza bamnceda kunye Ukuvuma etroneni. Ukubonga n Volkova kwakhiwa kwindawo yezikhulu. Noko ke, nangona isondele enkundleni kunye kakhulu Catherine Alekseevna, potter nako ukumelana nesilingo sokuba umntu karhulumente kunye wahlala enyanisekile yena, sakhetha impilo yakhe - yokubonela. Enqaba isithuba uMphathiswa weKhabhinethi, kwakunye Order of St. Andreya Pervozvannogo, wayefuna lowo umvuzo uKumkanikazi.

impilo Personal Volkova

Necala intloko anikele ubomi babo kunye nenkcitho phezu kwalo lonke ixesha, Fyodor potter iye unento intsapho.

Brothers Theodore wanikela liqhawe ukuba ukunyaniseka kwakhe esaphuma kunye uKumkanikazi uCatherine.

"Lobungangamsha uMinerva"

Ngexesha Ukuvuma etroneni uCatherine II kwagqitywa ukuba aququzelele umbhiyozo omkhulu eMoscow. Esi siganeko saba phezu ngeveki Pancake, xa mzi iyahlekisa yaye bamkela abantu. Ngenxa yesi siganeko, potter iye yalungisa esi yokusebenza wokubonelwa njenge azenza, leyo kuthiwa "lobungangamsha uMinerva". Kakuhle eli ntetho ukucacisa ebantwini kobhukuqo olo uPetros III yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kunye nolonwabo ngenxa yabantu, yaye ngenxa yokutshintsha lobulungisa karhulumente akancedi. Ukusekwa kwe uKumkanikazi omtsha adunyiswe njengoloyiso of uMinerva (uMinerva - isithixokazi ubulumko kunye nokusesikweni, abakhusela ubugcisa, inzululwazi nobugcisa). Kulo mbono, potter wakwazi ukubonisa uninzi iitalente zabo ukufumana ingqalelo yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha emthendelekweni, umdlali enkulu waba ebandayo egula ngumkhuhlane. Ngo-Apreli 1763, wafa.

Fedora Volkova wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni kufuphi woonongendi Androneva, kodwa ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, woonongendi satshatyalaliswa kwaye uphawula indawo yengcwaba umdlali elikhulu ilahlekile. Ngaphandle koku, emangcwabeni e Yaroslavl sifakelwe ilitye lesikhumbuzo imbeko umdlali odumileyo.