Rubella - rubella i ... sisifo: iimpawu, unyango, iziphumo kunye nokuthintela

Enye zosulelo iqhelekileyo umyalezo load rubella. Esi sifo sidla ke inobulali, kunqabile sikhatshwe yi iingxaki. Kwelinye icala, usulelo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kuyingozi enkulu kwimpilo kusana olungekazalwa. Kwezinye iimeko, ngenxa yokugula kubangela malformations kwi kwimveku nokufa intrauterine.

Inkcazelo sifo

Roseola - sokosuleleka umyalezo wentsholongwane egazini, luphawulwa imbonakalo yabangxamayo ulusu kunye ukunxila wobulali. sifo okokuqala wafumana inkcazelo epheleleyo F. Hoffman ngo-1740. Emva kweminyaka 140 kuphela ukuba ngamxhelo mnye isigqibo sokwabela iqela ngezifo nosological eyahlukileyo.

Namhlanje, ukwanda kwesifo yehlile kakhulu. Ezi ziphumo zafezekiswa enkosi nkqubo gonyo. Ngaphandle koku, nyaka ngamnye Iqinisekile iimeko ezintsha malunga ne-100 lamawaka usulelo. Rhoqo emva kweminyaka 3-4 kweziganeko uyenyuka ke ngoko ingena ukwehla.

Imithombo osulelo kunye neendlela zokuhambisa

Rubella - isifo umyalezo wentsholongwane egazini. Amaninzi, oko banesifo ebantwaneni. Xa indima umenzeli walo causative yenza RNA genomic virus, eye umsebenzi yaManzi naMahlathi. Nguye ukhululekile abakho kuphela emzimbeni womntu. afe ngokukhawuleza kwindawo phantsi kwempembelelo zemitha yelanga, ngenxa yokunqongophala ukufuma okanye uxinzelelo utshintsho. Kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi intsholongwane ihlala ixesha elide, kwaye ukugcina ikhono ukuzala.

Umthombo losulelo idla umntu kakhulu (ngamaxesha ambalwa inxitywa) iimpawu rubella. Kwiveki phambi ukujaduka kwaba kanye kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva kokuba rubivirus wakhululwa kokusingqongileyo. Ngokwamanani epidemiological zithathwa ukuba uninzi lwabantwana eziyingozi kunye lobeko bekhubazekile kwesi sifo. Kulo mzekelo, i pathogen ingena kokusingqongileyo kunye ilindle, namathe okanye umchamo iinyanga ezimbalwa. iimeko ezithandwa losuleleko amaqela nemibutho (abancinane, isikolo). Ngenxa yoko, izigulane bodwa ngoko nangoko phezu isiqinisekiso "rubella" kokuxilongwa.

Njengoko usuleleko idluliselwa? Xa zizonke, kukho iindlela ezimbini zizifo - emoyeni kunye transplacental. Indlela yophuhliso yesi sifo wafundela nedoskonalno. virus rubella engena umzimba lwabasebenzi kwiinwebu phecana sokuphefumla. Emva koko waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe, ukulungisa phezu iiseli ulusu kunye zamanzi. Umzimba lisabela ekuqalisweni-arhente ezikhethekileyo ukuyilwa omzimba. Ngexesha sisifo umthamo wabo enokusebenziseka esoloko kuyanda. Emva kokuba alulame, umntu sinazo intsholongwane ubomi.

Yintoni rubella?

Ithuba elisuke imalunga 15 iintsuku. Emva kokuba ixesha catarrhal - iintsuku ezi-3. Xa izigulane abaselula iimpawu izitshanguba le kwiinwebu iphecana eliphezulu wokuphefumla kwenzeka ngamaxesha. Abantu abadala ngokuqhelekileyo ezikhala photophobia, iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, impumlo esihambisayo, ukhohlokhohlo kunye nokunqongophala onombilini. Ngosuku lokuqala sifo 90% ezigulane kwisiqalo kuvela abafuna irhashalala. Zibonakala ngathi amabala ezincinane elipinki isimo rhoqo, ngaphezu komhlaba ulusu ezinyukayo.

Yabangxamayo of rubella kuqala phezu kobuso, emva iindlebe kunye entanyeni. Emini liqhele ngokukhawuleza kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngeentende kunye neentende ukungxama ze ibonakala. Ngamanye amaxesha amabala ekwanti zabonwa kwi isifo ngomlomo. Ngowe-30% amatyala, akukho irhashalala, nto leyo ebangela kubenzima kakhulu uxilongo. Ezinye iimpawu zesi sifo onokubonwa ukwanda okuncinane kakhulu obushushu. Ngamanye amaxesha izigulane ezikhala iintlungu izihlunu, ukusebenza kakuhle zesisu.

iintlobo rubella

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela losulelo, ngokuqhelekileyo zizakubalulwa iindidi ezimbini sifo:

• rubella ezifuniweyo. Olu hlobo esi sifo lukhatshwa irhashalala ezininzi wonke umzimba, kodwa babe umfanekiso clinical Nedlac. Ngowe-30% amatyala akukho zimpawu konke, iyenza nzima ukubona kwaye kunegalelo ukusasazeka kwalo bhubhane. Esi sifo sidla into inobulali, wathelela baphathwa ekhaya. Esibhedlela iboniswe kuphela kwimeko yobunzima.
• rubella naso. Olu luhlobo eyingozi kakhulu kwesi sifo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oko iphawulwa ikhondo enzima. Phakathi imiphumo anokubakho yaphula CNS ukuze kuqwalaselwe umsebenzi yokuva mbono.

Ukuqwalasela oku kungasentla, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ngendlela enye ebalulekileyo. isifo rubella unesifo abadala kunqabile kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu sijongene nesi sifo ebuntwaneni, kwaye ngumsebenzi ngenxa ithatha yobomi. Okwangoku, malunga nama-85% abantu besifazane omzimba ukuba ukosuleleka ngexesha kokuqala yobudala okuzala.

iimviwo nokuxilonga yesigulana

Ukungqinwa uxilongo ngokuqhelekileyo akubangeli iingxaki. Ekuqaleni, lo ugqirha owenza ukuxilongwa ngokwasemzimbeni yaye isenza ingqalelo iimpawu ezithile (nje ngentla, siye sele wathi, kubonakala ngathi rubella). Inqanaba elilandelayo le saveyi a nokuvavanywa kweelebhu:

• Gqibezela wegazi.
• Uthelekelelo lwee- immunoglobulins.
• Zululwazi yencindi evela lweHo- ngeempumlo.

Kunyanzelekile ukuba enze diagnosis mahluko yimasisi, isifo enterovirus, icesina obubomvu.

imigaqo esisiseko zonyango

Le ndoda rubella, akunyanzelekanga ukuba esibhedlele kaxakeka. yenziwe amalungiselelo ezikhethekileyo nxamnye nesi sifo hayi, unyango kwangumqondiso kuphela iyasetyenziswa. Isigulane kubalulekile ukuba zilandele ngqo alale, udle, usele amanzi kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi xa rubella irhashalala uhlala kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Emva kokuba alulame, esi sifo nto ihlala ebomini. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mbuyekezo sifo. Iingcali ukubaqononondisa lo mkhuba iimpawu ngamnye yamajoni omzimba.

Kuphela xa kuthe iingxaki lubonise unyango esibhedlele. Izigulane eyabelwe therapy immunostimulatory ( "interferon", "Viferon"). Ukuthintela uphuhliso nokudumba yobuchopho, isicelo haemostatics, womchamo kunye corticosteroids. Izigulane ukululama abafumana nootropics ekucetyiswa ukuba ukuphucula imisebenzi ngokwasengqondweni.

I-rubella iyingozi?

Iingxaki esi sifo kunqabile kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba kuvela xa kwangenelela igciwane. Rubella kule meko nzima semiphunga lesibini, umqala obuhlungu okanye otitis. Xa izigulane yabadala ngaphandle kwi-CNS sisilonda. Isifo liphakamisa ntsongelo yomngcipheko wentshabalalo enkulu abasetyhini ngexesha yokumitha baby. Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kamva kweli nqaku.

Ukukhulelwa ne rubella

Imiphumo yale sifo ngexesha yokumitha usana kuchaphazela impilo yakhe. Le ntsholongwane engena olungekazalwa ngenxa ngumkhaya, echaphazela endocardium kunye emithanjeni. Emva koko ke pathogen kwanwenwa onke amalungu umntwana, apho waqalisa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi iingxaki uqhelekileyo rubella amabhinqa akhulelweyo cell: ukufa ezingekazalwa, ifile kunye kwezisu ezizenzekelayo.

Ukuba usana nangoku azalwe, yena kunye nengxaki zilandelayo ukuphuhlisa ngokuhamba kwexesha:

• ngenhliziyo ukukhubazeka;
• ufunga;
• belula ;
• senyongo;
• myocarditis;
• kobuchopho;
• ukukhubazeka engqondweni;
• muscular.

iingxaki ezinjalo kukhokelela ekufeni ngaphambi kosana-30% yamatyala. Kunyaka wokuqala wobomi loxhelelwa malunga nama-70% abantwana. ezibonisa ngabanye sifo azibonakalisa kuphela elivisayo. Le thyroiditis, isifo seswekile kunye hormone nokukhula intswelo sokuhlasela. Egazini umntwana rubella pathogen elosulelekileyo sinokuhlala sisebenza kangangeminyaka eliqela. unyango oluthile esi sifo, amayeza namhlanje ukuyenza.

zokuthintela izifo

Imisebenzi jikelele zothintelo olungasebenziyo kwi nakujoliso olutsha usulelo. Kuyinto kwenzeke ukuba ukufumanisa ubukho bale ntsholongwane emzimbeni phambi kokuqala zimpawu. Noko ke, umntu ogulayo uyazimela iintsuku 5-7 emva akubonakala angawokubhuda.

prophylaxis ethile kuthetha ugonyo ngaxeshanye kwizifo ezintathu: imasisi, rubella, unoqwilikana. Ayizange yenziwa kwiminyaka 6 okwesibini, kwaye yokuqala - xa bebudala bungaphantsi konyaka omnye. Phakathi Izimo ukuba ugonyo zezi zilandelayo:

• neoplasms amabi;
• nokukhulelwa;
• Ukusabela okunge- ukuba isitofu;
• ukuqhubela phambili izifo aetiology ezosulelayo.

Ugonyo rubella zinokudityaniswa kunye namanye amachiza mandatory (pertussis, hepatitis B, ipoliyo, ukubola komqala kunye nominxano). iziyobisi ezahlukeneyo akufunekanga ugalelwe kwi ngesirinji enye. Ukongeza, i-inaliti Kuyancomeka ukubeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Okungaqhelekanga kuphela kwisakhiwo (yemasisi-mumps-rubella) sokugonya. Kwiminyaka 6 yenza kakhulu kubantwana kwakhona. Oku kukhuthaza uphuhliso sifo lokomeleza umthamo kanye ukuba kubekho izifo ezintathu. Xa lugqityiwe kubekho ukudumba ulusu kunye ebomvu yayo encinane. ngayo icala eziphilayo ezi nkovu node ukukhula, isicaphucaphu, nokuthimliswa, umkhuhlane. Njengoko elivisayo, emva akayicingi kunokwenzeka uphuhliso arthralgia kunye polyneuritis, eliya kuthi ekugqibeleni bebodwa.