Iimvavanyo zegazi serological kwi ukubonwa kwezifo

Zululwazi - icandelo zizifo ezithile, ukufunda iantigens reaction kwi lomzimba serum.

Zululwazi - indlela ukufunda serum omzimba ezithile okanye izigulane ezisegazini. Bona iimpendulo kwamajoni omzimba zisekelwe. Luphawu ezisetyenziswa kwezi zifundo ngexesha izifo ezahlukeneyo esosulelayo nokumisela iqela igazi lomntu.

Ngubani omiswe zululwazi

Uhlalutyo serological abayabelwe izigulane urhano malunga nasiphi na isifo esosulelayo. Le analysis kwiimeko ezingquzulanayo kunye diagnosis kuya kunceda ukuseka-arhente causative. Kwakhona ukusuka kwiziphumo zeemvavanyo ze-serological kuxhomekeke ikakhulu unyango phambili, ukususela inkcazo silwanyana ethile ekhuthaza ekujongwe unyango oluthile.

Ziziphi izinto sifundwa

Izifundo ze-serological zibandakanya umzekelo izinto eziphilayo ezivela isigulane ngohlobo:

- serum;

- amathe;

- indle.

Okubhalwe kwii-xesha lifutshane kangangoko kufuneka ibe e-lab. Kungenjalo, ezinokugcinwa refrigerated kwi-4 okanye i ukubola.

Ndiqhuba kocingo analysis

Kocingo analysis data ukulungiselela isigulane akunyanzelekanga ukuba ngokungqalileyo. Uphononongo lokhuseleko. Uhlalutyo Blood yesampulu kwenziwa kusasa ungatyanga ukususela ndlela cubital kwaye ukusuka umsesane umnwe. Emva isampulu yegazi kufuneka abekwe walaliswa, igutyana etywiniweyo.

zululwazi Blood

igazi Human lenza imisebenzi emininzi emzimbeni kwaye intsimi olubanzi kakhulu lomsebenzi, kwaye ke ngoko kukho iimvavanyo kwegazi njengoko abaninzi apho. Enye yazo, yaye iimvavanyo zegazi serological. Le Uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngenjongo ingqalelo iintsholongwane ezithile, iintsholongwane, kunye nezifo nebakala ezosulelayo le nkqubo. iimvavanyo zegazi serological esetyenziselwa:

- ukumisela isixa elilwa iintsholongwane kunye iintsholongwane nisemzimbeni. Ukuze oku idityaniswa isifo serum pathogen iantigens, apho iziphumo imichiza ziyenzeka kuqikelelwa;

- Ukumisela iantigens ngokuthi kokusebenzisa i lomzimba negazi ;

- ukuchonga amaqela igazi.

iimvavanyo zegazi serological zisoloko kabini amisiweyo - ukuchaza Dynamics esi sifo. Umiselo olunye impefumlelwano ezisegazini kunye antibodies ibonisa usulelo lwe yinyaniso. Ukuze zibonise umfanekiso opheleleyo, apho ungabona ukwanda kwenani unxibelelwano phakathi immunoglobulins kunye awakwazi kufuneka ukufunda alandele-up.

Izifundo ze-serological: ngokuhlahlela kunye nentsingiselo yazo

Ukwandisa inani izakhiwo iantigens-lezibulala emzimbeni ibonisa ubukho zokugula umzimba umguli. Ukufeza reactions ezithile kwemichiza ngexesha ukukhula izalathisi egazini kuba negalelo kwinkcazelo sifo kunye isigaba yayo.

Ukuba isiphumo uhlalutyo lubonisa akukho antibodies arhente, ngoko oku kubonisa ukungabikho na usulelo eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akufane kunjalo, ukusukela ukuqeshwa uhlalutyo serological sele ibonisa ekufumanekeni kweempawu zesi sifo ethile.

oku kunokuchaphazela iziphumo zohlalutyo

Kuyimfuneko ukuba esweni ngokusondeleyo iimeko apho isampuli yegazi kwenziwa. Ngaba ngenisa into yegazi nendaba. Kusuku ngaphambi kokuba kulingwa kufuneka ukuyilayisha ngaphezu kwemfuneko ngamanqatha omzimba ukutya, iziselo ezinxilisayo kunye namnandi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuphelisa iimeko uxinzelelo kwaye sehlise umthwalo emzimbeni. Le izinto eziphilayo kufuneka eyele kwelebhu ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukusukela iziphumo yokugcina ixesha elide kwi-serum izilwa bangenzi buso.

iindlela ze-serological zophando

Kwilebhu igazi practice zululwazi oko ukongeza iimviwo bacteriological. iindlela ezisisiseko evezwa:

1. Indlela abasabela ngayo fluorescence, oluqhutywa ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Okokuqala ibonakele elijikeleza unalo iantigens ezintsonkothileyo. Ngoko ke sampuli isicelo ngokuyitofa ulawulo kulandelwe bafukanywe iziyobisi. RIF isetyenziselwa ubhaqo ngokukhawuleza yomenzeli causative kulo mbandela. Iziphumo reactions zilinganiselwa ngokusebenzisa ngemicroscope fluorescence. Kuphonononga uhlobo ukuvutha, imilo, ubukhulu bezinto.

2. Indlela agglutination, nto leyo indlela elula ekwakheni nezakhi obubobu usebenzisa izilwa-buhlungu. ihloniphekile:

- yokuziphendulela ngqo kusetyenziswa ukubhaqa antibodies kwi serum lomguli. A isixa esithile iintsholongwane babulala idityaniswe serum kwaye ebangela ukuyilwa kwento kwenze ngohlobo kukubola. iimvavanyo Serologic for esifo kuthetha ephethe nje uvavanyo agglutination ngqo;

- abasabela gemagglyutonatsii nje ngokusekelwe erythrocyte kunokwenzeka ukuba adsorb le iantigens kwi kuyenze kusingelwe lib at contact yalo kunye lomzimba, kunye nelahleko kwenze ebonakalayo. Kusetyenziswa inkqubo loxilongo kwezifo ezosulelayo ukuchonga uvakalelo awongezelelekileyo kwiziyobisi ezithile. Ekuphicothisiseni iziphumo ezike kuthathelwa ingqalelo imbonakalo yangaphandle. Le ehlele eluhlobo ikhonkco emazantsi ityhubhu ibonisa ngumbala elibi. Intlenge eyayifakwe elintlangothi ezitsolo ibonisa ubukho usulelo ethile.

3. kulingwa immunosorbent, olusekelwe kumgaqo wokujoyina ileyibheli transcriptase ukuba izilwa-buhlungu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngesiphumo basabela imbonakalo umsebenzi enzyme okanye ukutshintsha umgangatho wayo. Le ndlela yokufunda lineqela eziluncedo:

- Mna-ethe kakhulu;

- wezenzi ezisetyenziswe - akhona jikelele, kwaye uzinzile iinyanga ezintandathu;

- inkqubo kuthathelwa ingqalelo iziphumo zohlalutyo into ezenzekelayo.

Iindlela ezidweliswe ngasentla izifundo ze-serological banamalungelo eziliqela phezu indlela bacteriological. Ezi ndlela kusenza sikwazi ukubona ukuba awakwazi iintsholongwane phakathi kwemizuzu okanye iiyure ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zifundo bakwazi ukuchonga ezisegazini ka pathogen nasemva unyango kunye nokufa intsholongwane ebangela oko.

Ixabiso diagnostic zesifundo

Iziphumo zeemvavanyo zango-serological indlela zonyango ezixabisekileyo, kodwa ebalulekileyo nkarhinyana. Isiseko uxilongo usahleli data lwezonyango. Izifundo Serologic lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa uxilongo, ukuba abasabela ezingangqubaniyo nomfanekiso clinical. Okwanamhlanje HIV asabela serological izifundo ngaphandle engqina umfanekiso wayo lwezonyango ayikwazi kuba sisiseko moshilongo. Ezi ziphumo kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa isigulane unembali lwesifo efanayo, yaye wathabatha ikhondo unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ukuzimisela imiqondiso igazi ilifa, isiqinisekiso okanye refutation of lukatata, izifundo kwezifo sofuzo kwaye samathambo, ukufakelwa uhlobo umthombo usulelo ngexesha nezifo - zonke ezi uncedo ukuchonga iimvavanyo kwegazi serological. Ingcaciso iziphumo inika ingcaciso ubukho iiproteni ethile uhlobo losulelo negcushuwa, hepatitis, i-HIV, toxoplasmosis, rubella, imasisi, yicesina.