Iyintoni isifundo se-bacteriological? Nguwuphi na isicwangciso esenziwayo? Kuthetha ntoni ukhuseleko kule meko? Ziziphi iinjongo kunye nezigaba ze-bacteriological research?
Ulwazi jikelele
Uphando lwe-bacteriological yinkqubo yesayensi apho i-bacteria ifumaneka kwaye iipropati zabo zifundiswa ngenjongo yokuseka i-microbiological diagnosis. Kubaluleke kakhulu apha yintetho yoluhlobo okanye iintlobo ze-microorganism ezifunyenweyo (i-culture ecocekileyo ichazwa). Oku kuhambelana nophando lwezinto ezinokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezobuphilayo zezinto eziphilayo, kwakunye nokuqulunqwa kwe-toxin. Ukunciphisa kunye nokuphendula kwamagqubuthe kusetyenziswa ezi njongo. Kwakhona, ukusuleleka kwezilwanyana zebhoratri kunye nokutshintshwa kweengxaki zentsholongwane.
Sebenza ngezinto zokuvavanya
I-algorithm yocwaningo lwe-bacteriological inikeza ukuthobela ngokungqongqo kwimfundiso ekhethekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, izinto eziphantsi kophando kufuneka ziqokelelwe kwiitya ezinyumba phantsi kweemeko ze-aseptic. Kwakhona, kufuneka unyathelwe ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwebhubhoratri kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza. Kunqweneleka ukugcina iisampuli ebanda. Indlela yokwenza uphando lwe-bacteriological inikezela ezininzi iimeko. Ngoko, uhlobo lwento, iipropati ze-microorganism kunye nesimo sesifo kwenza kubekho imfuneko ukuphuhlisa imiyalelo ethile yomsebenzi. Zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa umsebenzi. Enye yezona ziqhelekileyo yi-bacterioscopy. Kodwa ukuba iibhaktheriya ayilungiswanga, sebenzisa ukulahla okuchotshoziweyo okanye kwehla. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezimbini iindlela zokugqibela ezikhethiweyo zinezinga eliphezulu lokusasazeka.
Bacterioscopy
Kule meko, i-smears isetyenziswa. Ukuyidala, udinga ukuhla kwe-liquid, ephandwayo, ehanjiswa phezu komgangatho weslayidi. Ukuphosa kufuneka kuwume. Oku kudlalwa ngokushukumisa isilwanyana ngokusebenzisa ilangatye efumaneka kwi-burner. Nangona ukulungiswa kweemveliso kungasetyenziswa njengenye indlela. Ukubonisa ukuba izenzo zokwenza amalungiselelo eziye zenziwa ngelo lungiselelo, lugqityiwe. Injongo yokuphathwa ngokuchanekileyo kuchanekileyo, nto ibaluleke kakhulu xa i-microscopic kunye nophando lwe-bacteriological. Emva koko, ukuba uphinde usetyenzise le nkunkuma ngenjongo eyahlukileyo, uya kufumana umonakalo, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Kutheni i-bacterioscopy ithandwa kangaka?
Ekugqibeleni kodwa kungenani, oku kungenxa yokufumaneka kwale ndlela. Ukuba isifundo se-bacteriological sokulungiswa okutsha senziwa, iimpendulo ezincinci zezinto ezincinci ze-microorganism zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga i-pathogen. Ngubani na ongcono? Umphumo ochanekileyo unokufumaneka xa usebenza ngokulungiswa kwambala. Kule meko, iincwadi zokuvavanya zisetyenziswe kwiglasi elungiselelwe ngaphambili. Kwaye ncinci (kunye nokuba kunokwenzeka kwaye nakhona) uluhlu. Emva koko, umele ulinde de idiza idle emoyeni. Iimpawu ezincinci zisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo. Emva koko, ukulungiswa okucolile kudaywe ngokuhlukileyo okanye upende olulula. Ngenxa yoko, ukulungiselela okumile kunye noluntu kungasetyenziselwa. Emva koko, uhlala ujikelezisa i-ultraviolet okanye imifudlana emifutshane emifula eluhlaza kwindawo yokudibanisa yezinto eziphilayo, nto leyo eyenza yonke i-microbe okanye ezinye izitho zomzimba wayo zikhanyise.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-bacterioscopy
Isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga inani lezifo ezithathelwanayo. Eyona edume kakhulu yiyo isifo sofuba, i-gonorrhea kunye ne-typhus ephindaphindiweyo. Ukongezelela, isifundo sisetyenziselwa ukufundisisa yonke inkalo yesakhiwo okanye imveliso ye microflora. Kodwa abagxeki bavame ukubonisa ukungathembeki ngokuthe ngqo kunye nale ndlela.
Izityalo kunye neenkcubeko zeenkcubeko zebhaktheriya
Zenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwePasteur pipette. Ukuthatha izifundo ze- bacteriological kunye ne- cytological kunzima ukuphumeza ngaphandle kokuhlwayela nokuhlaziya kwakhona ngexesha lomsebenzi. Xa umsebenzi uqhutyelwa kunye nePasteur pipette, isiphakamiso sawo siphula ngokugqithisa. Isixhobo ngokwawo sidluliselwa ngelangatye lomlilo kwaye sivunyelwe ukupholisa. Ngendlela, xa uhlwayela, zombini unxibelelwano olumanzi nolusisiseko lunokusetyenziswa. Impembelelo ekukhethweni yiyo iinjongo ze-bacteriological research ziqhutyelwa. Kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukubambelela kwi-algorithm yomsebenzi nokukhuseleko. Ngoko ke, xa usebenza kunye nomgangatho wesondlo omanzi, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba awuyi kuthululela aze atyebe emacaleni eplagi kunye namatye. Xa uphando luqhutywa ngezinto eziqinileyo, inaliti ekhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuzisa inkcubeko. Xa izityalo zihlwayelwe kwaye zihlwayelwe kwakhona, zifanele ziqhutywe kufuphi nomlilo we-gas burner. Ukuhlanzeka kovavanyo, ityhubhu yokuhlola akufanele ihlale ivulekile ixesha elide. Ngokuphathelele isixhobo kunye nenkcubeko: kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ayithinti nantoni na. Kwakhona, uphando lwe-bacteriological research luquka ukutshisa imida yebhubhu ngaphambi kokuvala. Umveliso ogqityiweyo kufuneka usayinwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuveliswa ukuze uphephe ukudideka kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuphumelela kokuhlwayela
Kukholelwa ukuba le ndlela yenza ukuba kube lula ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo ngexesha lokuxilongwa kwe-bacteriologism kune-bacterioscopy eyayiqwalaselwa ngaphambili. Kule meko, i-algorithm yezenzo ilandelayo:
- Ekuqaleni, inkcubeko ecocekileyo isasazeka phezu komgangatho wesondlo, othunyelwa kwisitya sePetri.
- Imbewu yokuqala kufuneka iqhutywe phantsi kweemeko ezithandekayo kulolu hlobo lwezinto ezincinci.
- Emva kwentsuku okanye ezimbini, phambi kwendawo efanelekileyo, zonke iikoloni ezifanelekileyo zihanjiswe apho zingahlakulela khona. Oku kukhulula, ngoko, kwi-microflora engaphandle.
Isiphumo sokuphela yinkcubeko yeebhaktheriya ezifanayo ezichongiweyo.
Iimpawu ezichanekileyo
Kodwa zifumaneka njani? Kule ndlela, iindlela zokusebenzisa i-biological and mechanical are used. Kwimeko yokuqala, indima enkulu idlalwe ngamajelo ezondlo, apho kukho imimiselo efunekayo ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko ethile. Indlela ingasetyenziswa kwakhona xa izilwanyana zebhoratri ezithintela uhlobo oluthile lwebhaktheriya lusuleleke. Iindlela zendlela yokusebenza zixhomekeke ekusebenziseni isixhobo esinyumba, apho inkcubeko ifakwe kwisidlo esisondlo esitholakalayo kwisitya sokuqala, sesibini nesithathu sesitya. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukulinda de ikhule ikoloni ehlukeneyo, kwaye kuzo zonke iinkcubeko ezizodwa ziya kubelwa. Kwakhona, iibhaktheriya zingakhula kwii-thermostats ezikhethekileyo, apho izinga lokushisa kwinqanaba elithile ligcinwa (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga nama-37 degrees). Kule meko, le nkqubo ihlala malunga nomhla. Kodwa, ngokuxhomekeka kohlobo lwezinto ezincinci, amanye amagama angasungulwa. Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuba uhlalutyo olufunekayo lwe-oxygen. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa i-aeration. Kuze kube ngoku, siye sathetha malunga nemeko ngokubanzi kwaye ngokubanzi, kwaye ngoku makhe sigxininise kwinqanaba le-bacteriological research.
Ziqhelise
Iindlela ezininzi zisoloko zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic emzimbeni wesigulane okanye umntu onokubambisa. Izinto kunye nezindlela ezisetyenziswayo kuxhomekeka kwiinjongo ezilandelwa uhlalutyo, kwakunye nokusingqongileyo apho umsebenzi usebenza khona. Ngokwenza oko, iibhaktheriya zivame ukufunyanwa ngokuhlwayela kwegazi ezithathwe kumntu okanye kwisilwanyana. Ukuba izilonda zendawo zithethwa kakuhle, ii-pathogens zifumaneka kwiindawo ezinengxaki. Oku kuyafana nezifo ezinje njengesifo segazi, i-gonorrhea, i-diphtheria kunye nenani elifanayo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, le nkqubo ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo ophando lwe-bacteriological (oluphawu lwesifo somkhuhlane we-typhoid). Ngamnye wabo usebenzisa iindlela zakhe, ezijoliswe ekufumaneni imbangela yesifo. Masiqwalasele ngokuthe ngqo kwimeko ngefifoid fever. Kwiveki yokuqala yesifo, indlela ethembekileyo yokufumanisa isifo kukuhlwayela igazi. Okwesibini kuhlolwa kwe-serological. Ngeveki yesithathu, hlola indle. Indlela yokugqibela ukuqinisekiswa kwee-convalescents.
Ukuchongwa kwe-microorganism
Iqala kunye nenkqubo yokucoca kwayo. Emva koko qaphela indlela iibhaktheriya ezinokudiliza i-carbohydrates, amino acid kunye njalo. Ukongezelela, le nkqubo inokuxhaswa ngokufunda ezinye iipropati ezizimeleyo nganye okanye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezincinci. Ngokomzekelo, amathuba okupheliswa kwee- erythrocyte zezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, umphumo wokucima i-plasma yegazi kunye nokupheliswa kwe-fibrin clot, njalo njalo kufuneka kucatshulwe. Yonke le yimiba eyahlukileyo yabameli bee-microworld. Ukuchongwa kwe-Serological kungasetyenziselwa ukuqaphela ngokucacileyo (kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekisela kubhaktheriya be-pathogenic engowomzimba wamathumbu).
Isiphelo
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inani leenqununu azikwazi ukuchongwa ngeendlela ezichazwe kwinqaku. Kule meko, ukukhubazeka kwezilwanyana zebhoratri kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kubalwa ukuba kuya kuba ne-toxigenicity okanye i-pathogenicity, engabonakaliyo kwiimeko ezenzekelayo. Kwakhona, isifo singasetyenziselwa njengendlela yokuqokelela ii-microbes. Kwaye sele sele iimeko ezifundiswayo, ezifunyenweyo ngexesha lokufunda iipropati ze-biological, morphological, serological and biochemical, zithelekiswa, kunokuthiwa yayaziwa ukuba yiyiphi i-microbes esijongene nayo. Ukuchonga kuthetha ukubonakalisa i-genus, iintlobo kunye nohlobo lweebhaktheriya. Ukuba uphando oluthile lwezinto ezincinci luyahluka kwiipropati ezithile kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngoko kufuneka kuboniswe. Inani leengcali zikholelwa ukuba kwiimeko ezinjalo kuya kuba luncedo ukuqhuba ukuchongwa kwakhona ngokuphindaphinda kwazo zonke iindlela kunye nezindlela ezisetyenziswayo. Ngamanye amaxesha uphando luyakwazi ukudluliselwa kumgangatho omtsha, oku kuthetha indlela enzulu kakhulu (kunye nexabiso elininzi). Ukuba iziphumo ezimbi zithe zafunyanwa, oku kubonisa ukuba akukho zixhobo ezincinci ekulungiseleleni okanye zazingenakwenzeka. Kodwa ngokuchaneka kwezifundo, xa kunqunyanyiswa inani labathwali (i-dysentery, i-diphtheria, i- typhoid fever) kwiimeko ezinjalo, iimvavanyo eziphindaphindiweyo ziboniswa. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba iingcali zifumane ingcamango echanekileyo yento ekumele iqwalaselwe ngayo.