Indlu iphantsi kwephahla eluhlaza. Uphahleni oluluhlaza ngezandla. Iifoto

Enye yeentlobo zamandulo zaphahla zibhekwa njengento eluhlaza. Ngaphambili, izakhiwo zagqitywa ngokugqithwa kwimiqolo emithini okanye izibonda, i-birch bark yafakwa phezu kwayo kwimiqolo embalwa, kwaye i-turf yafakwa kuyo. Ukuze ukhusele ukuba unqunywe phantsi, i-log okanye ibhodi ifakwe kwi-ramp. Ngaphezulu ubeke i-turf nge-moss okanye ingca.

Namhlanje, uphahla oluluhlaza lufumana ukuphandwa kwakhona. Inombono okhangayo kwaye igcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kweso sakhiwo, ukukhusela ukutshisa kwayo ehlobo. Umhlaba ulinganisela ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokukhusela izinto ezinxamnye nezinto ezimbi, ukwandisa ubomi babo benkonzo. Ukuba ufaka uphahla olunjalo, ngoko unokukrazula ingxolo yangaphandle. Iikhompyutha zobuchwepheshe zanamuhla zivumela ukuxhobisa inkqubo enjalo ngokuzimeleyo, ukwandisa indawo yesayithi kunye nokongeza ngempumelelo le nto yento yangaphandle kuyo nayiphi na indawo.

Kutheni ukhetha uphahla oluhlaza

Uphahla oluluhlaza lunemivuzo eninzi ngaphezu kwendabuko, yile:

• Ihlala ihleli;
• Ukulahla kwamanzi emvula;
• Ngaba iimpawu zokutshitshiswa kwe-thermal;
• Uphucula imeko yendalo.

Uphahla oluvuno luya kuhlala ixesha elide kunexesha eliqhelekileyo, njengoko izityalo nomhlaba zikhusela izinto kwiimeko zemozulu. Ukuba uya kukhathalela ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo enjalo, ubomi bophahla bungadlula iminyaka engama-20. Ukuba indlu yakho yakhiwe kwindawo apho isimo sezulu sichazwa ngamaxesha amaninzi kunye neziqhamo ezinzulu, ngoko uluhlu oluluhlaza lunokuba sisisombululo esihle kakhulu, kuba sikwazi ukujamelana namanzi amaninzi.

Ngokufaka intshontsho eluphahleni, unako ukulahla amanzi amaninzi. Imifuno iya kufumana malunga nama-27% emvula. Ngaloo ndlela, abanye abanikazi bezindlu zangasese baphephe ukukhukula.

Iindawo eziphambili zephahla

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi wokulima iphahla, kuyafaneleka ukuba ucinge ukuba yiyiphi indawo eya kuphahleni oluhlaza. Mhlawumbi kufanele ukhethe i-vinyl, enokubonakala kwayo inokuxelisa imithi yemvelo. Uphahla oluhlaza luba neenzuzo ezininzi, kodwa umsebenzisi ongenayo ingaba yingxaki yangempela. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ilungiselelo lwenkqubo enjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nolwazi oluqhelekileyo kunye neziqendu eziphambili. Izityalo eziphambili zokubhabisa, phantsi kwayo kuya kuba ne-substrate, ngoko kukho uluhlu lokucoca kunye nokucoca amanzi, olulandelwe ngumgca wokukhusela kunye nokungena kwamanzi. Ukucoca kufuneka kubenokubunjwa kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo zolu hlobo lwesithintelo somphunga kunye nesiseko, ezi ziqendu ziya kuba ziphantsi.

Izixhobo zokuphahla okuluhlaza

Ukuba uzalisa uphahla oluluhlaza, kufuneka uqale udale isiseko esinezakhiwo ezixhasayo. Ukuba kukho uphahla oluphangaleleyo, isiseko siya kuba yi-slabs ze-concrete, ngelixa kuphahleni olugxotyiweyo into ephambili iya kuba yikrate eqhubekayo. Ukuba ilungiselelo lophahla oluhlaza luqhutyelwa kwisimbozo esidala, umzekelo, kwi-tile, kufuneka isuswe. Amaphahla aphantsi kufuneka anikwe umthamo omncinci, omele uhanjiswe kumjelo. Ukuphambukiswa okuthe ngqo kumda we-1.5 ukuya ku-5 °. Ukudala umthamo, kukulungele ukusebenzisa umquba wesanti.

Ukuvalwa kwamanzi

Indlu enophahla oluhlaza kufuneka ibe nocingo lokungena kwamanzi. Oku kubangelwa kukuba izityalo ziya kutyiliswa, kwaye amanzi angaphambuka kwizinto ezingathandi ukunyumba. Ngenxa yoko, ifilimu ye-polyethylene okanye i-membrane ye-polymer ingasetyenziswa. Kule nto, i-rabri edayi isetyenziswa rhoqo. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuphezu kokuphahleni.

Ubungakanani bendlu ephethe uphahla oluhlaza lufanele luhambelane nesicwangciso, yingakho kungcono ukusebenzisa izixhobo zemvelo ukujongana neendonga zendlu. Ukudala umgca wokungena kwamanzi, ungasebenzisa i-pine plywood yamanzi. Xa usebenzisa iibhodi, kuyimfuneko ukukhupha ikhefu kunye nezikhala phakathi kwabo. Ukuphucula ukwenziwa komsebenzi wokungena kwamanzi, kukulungele ukubeka i-membrane ye-polym e zimbini. Umgca ophantsi kufuneka ulungiswe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye uluhlu oluphezulu lufanele lufakwe. Iimpahla ezifunyenwe zidibene kunye.

Ukufudumala

Uphahla oluluhlaza, umfanekiso onokuwuqwalasela kwinqaku, kufuneka unxweme. Umgca wokuxhoma udlalwa ngokubanzi ukusuka kwiibhodi ze-coork, i-polyurethane isetyenziswe ngempumelelo, esetyenziswa kwifom ephuziweyo. Unokufaka isicelo se-polystyrene foam esekelwe. Iiplati kufuneka zibekwe ngokungqongqo ngokusemandleni komnye nomnye, ukuba uluhlu oluphezulu ludala uxinzelelo oluncinci, ngoko kufuneka kulandelwe ukuxhamla okukhethekileyo. Ezinye iingcali aziqinisi i-slabs kwisiseko, kuba uphahla olugxotyiweyo aludingi ukukhutshwa okongezelelweyo, ngenxa yokuba le ndawo isele kwindawo ye-attic phakathi kwamabala. Kodwa xa kusetshenziselwa i-moss eluhlaza, akusiyo intetho yokufudumala, kuba esi sityalo sisetyenziselwa ukugxininisa kwamafutha ophahla lwezindlu.

Ukudala umqobo kwizityalo

Indlu phantsi kophahla oluhlaza luya kubonakala luhle kakhulu, kodwa kuyadingeka ukugcina iteknoloji yemisebenzi kwilungiselelo layo. Kubalulekile ukuba ube neengcambu zeengcambu, eziza kuthintela ukuhluma kwezityalo ezinzulu kwiphahla. Umqobo udla ngokuba yifilimu ye-polymmer okanye ipilisi eqhelekileyo. Isisombululo esihle kakhulu siya kubakho ifilimu eneengubo zensimbi, ebeka phezu kocingo lokungena kwamanzi.

Uluhlu lwamanzi

Impahla yokucoca iza kulibaziseka inani elithile lomkhuhlane, okuyimfuneko kwimpilo eqhelekileyo yezityalo. Kwaye amanzi kufuneka ahambe kunye nophahla. Ukuba indlu yakho inophahla olucwengekileyo, kufuneka udale iimeko ezingayi kubandakanywa ukuhlaselwa kwamanzi. Kwi-drainage ephantsi, kubalulekile ukubeka udongwe olwandisiweyo, oluneqhekeza eliqhelekileyo okanye elincinci. Iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zingenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwepumice ecoliweyo, i-polyamide, i-perlite kakhukhunathi. Namhlanje, amashishini akhethekileyo afumaneka, akhangeleka njengamanatha kwaye aguquke kakhulu. Ukuba awunayo le mveliso, ngoko ungasebenzisa udongwe olukhululekile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba kwamanzi okusebenzayo, iibhubhu ezongezelelweyo ezongezelelweyo zingafakwa.

Uluhlu lwefayile

Umbala oluhlaza ophahleni ungadalwa nje ngoncedo lwezityalo, kodwa kunye nezinto zokugubungela zolu hlobo lweetereyili zetsimbi. Njengoko umzekelo ubonisa, oku kukhethwa kunzima, kuba emva kokufakela emva kwephahla akuyi kuba nako ukujongana. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uphahla oluluhlaza lunemiqolo emininzi, apho kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa uhlengahlengiso lokucoca. Kuyimfuneko ukukhusela imvula engadingekile. Uluhlu olucokisekileyo lwe-geotextile, olunezinga eliphezulu. Ngalo mgca, kunokwenzeka ukuphelisa ukuxutywa kwamanzi kunye nomhlaba, onokuthi ufike emva kwexesha. I-Geotextile yenziwe.

Ubhedu kwiphahla elithambileyo

Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-geogrid, kuba i-slope ephawulekayo yeemikhono, umhlaba unokusilahla. I-geogrid inobunzima obukhulu kwaye inokubonakala kweseli yeplastiki. Ukuba kukho uphahla oluluhlaza kunye nomthambeko omncinci, kuya kubakho ukulungiselela ukwahlula kweenkuni, okuza kwenza umsebenzi wokudibana. Izihlunu zokhuni kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela ebenokwenzeka ukuba kwakhiwe umhlobiso we-geometric. Kwi-perimeter yokulungisa, kufuneka ufake iiketi.

Uluhlu oluthile

Ukuba ugqiba ukuluhlaza eluphahleni, ngoko njengento yokuhlobisa iindonga unokusebenzisa i-siding. Uphahla oluluhlaza kwindlu yakho alukwazi ukuba lulolu hlobo, kuba loo mzobo yeendonga ingasetyenziselwa ngetayin. Emva kokuba ubeke zonke iindawo, kufuneka udale umhlaba ocebileyo, ubungakanani obunokuba ngu-10 cm. Umhlaba kufuneka uqine kwaye uqhathanise, kodwa umxube oqhelekileyo kumyezo awufanelanga oku.

Isiphelo

Emva kokubeka umhlaba, ungatshala izityalo. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba imiqathango evela ngasentla iya kuba kufuphi nentlango. Ukuba ufuna ukukhetha imithi, kufuneka ukhethe iintlobo ezincinci ezineenkqubo ezincinci.