Loo gama ndelelo "abangenakwazi" ... Ngubani na lowo?

In Russian, igama elithi "abangenakwazi" sele negative ngokucacileyo, bantu intsingiselo. Kodwa ngaba ufanelwe sengqondo esinjalo wena? Ngaba igama elithi "abangenakwazi" --ntonye "umda", "gopota" okanye kuthiwe "empumlweni yehagu" ibinzana Russian (oko, njengokuba sisazi, asikwazi ukuya kwinani Kalashny)? Kaloku, ewe hayi. Ukuze siqonde le ngcamango ezintsonkothileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba sijonge imbali eRoma yamandulo, kwaye ngakumbi ncam, ngexesha ekusekweni City obunguNaphakade. Kwakungekho patricians kunye nje, amakhoboka kunye iinkosi zawo. Kodwa sele ukuvela imiqathango zabo ezithile.

Isiphelo i "age yegolide"

Xa imazi ye-ingcuka wancanciswa Romulus waseka isixeko omnye kweenduli baseRoma oku, echaza imida yayo ukulima. Ngaphakathi kule uluhlu ngayo ndasibeka abantu ngokuba abemi. Le ukusekwa kwentlalo ibiqhutywa yeeNgwevu - abantu abaqolileyo enanithanda udumo phakathi kwabantu. Baye ngokuba senex - zeMatriki okanye patres - Fathers. Kamva la mazwi baba "amalunga" yaye "Patricia". Le yokugqibela ibizwa kunye nabantwana kunye nabazukulwana of eNdlu yeeNgwevu.

Kwinkulungwane kamva, yaba ngokuphathelele kokwenene, waphakama kakhulu ngokwemiqathango ebomini kunye nobume ekuhlaleni kwezinye abemi baseRoma. Kulungile, abangenakwazi? Lo asizange hit the lucky ukuba aphile phezu kwentaba ngaphakathi kwesangqa echazwe Romulus. Bona abemi azithathwa, akabanga ilungelo lokusebenzisa amazwe zoluntu. Oku akuthethi ukuba amahlwempu. Hayi, kwakukho phakathi kwabo abo baye baphumelela ebomini yaye wakwazi ukuthenga isiqwenga somhlaba. Bona inokuba amagcisa kunye abarhwebi ezincinane. Kodwa ke amalungelo abemi, aba bantu abazange babe.

Njani i nje?

Inani labemi waseRoma wakhula esisuka nje kuphela ngenxa yokukhula zendalo. Oko othe amakhoboka kwaziswa evela amaphulo mikhosi neembasa. Kodwa kwakukho abavela ngokuzithandela. Bafika eRoma kukhangela ngcono ubomi, unomvuzo, emarikeni. Le "kufika kumanani amakhulu," abemi zabemi umzi - inzala zooyise - yaziwa ngokuba "plebs" (elivela kwigama lesiLatini plere, gama elo elithetha "ukugcwalisa").

Ekuqaleni, lo abemi yalapha babehlala ngaphandle kweendonga baseRoma, ayiyi esikhuselwe ukuhlaselwa lutshaba kunokwenzeka. Kodwa kamva baye bavunyelwa ukuba bahlale phakathi kwesixeko. Emva kwenkcazo 'abangenakwazi "lwalutshintshile. Eli gama lithetha umntu ezamahala iklasi esebenzisa kwezoqoqosho, kodwa hayi amalungelo oluntu kunye nezopolitiko.

Abangenakwazi - ngubani na le nto?

Abemi baseRoma yamandulo baqubuda nangokodidi ekuhlaleni. iiklasi - amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi izizwe ziye sandivusela iinkcukacha. Thumela labemi neporaboschennoe - ukuba nje - ziye zohlulwa ecaleni zobuzwe kwi Latins, Etruscans kunye Sabines. Asezikhundleni i nqanaba oluphakathi phakathi kwe "abantu baseRoma" (inzala nangona Sivikivekile, kodwa patricians) kunye amakhoboka ongabanga amalungelo yaye aphathwe into ngendlela esemthethweni.

Le badume ayikho wonwabile ngokupheleleyo kunye nabameli plebs, owayesebenza belingana nabemi ababekhonza emkhosini, yaye ngoko, kakhulu, angathanda ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kubomi lomzi, kwaye (kamva) kwiRiphabliki. Ngoko ke, kwinkulungwane V-III BC Alwa kumzabalazo komsindo yamalungelo "imida". Yaye ekugqibeleni waba yimpumelelo. Nge III. BC. e. lo mbuzo: "abangenakwazi - ngubani na lo?" - walandela impendulo abanekratshi: "Ilungu epheleleyo of the People ongumRoma." Kuba amalungu ale klasi uyekwa kubukhoboka ematyaleni, yaye ukufikelela kwizithuba ukukhetha i Superior Council of nomantyi. nje Rich kunye patricians yaba yezikhulu.

Ilungelo lokuvota, okanye "Isonka zize zonwabise!"

Ekuqaleni, amahlwempu ezidolophini kufuneka ithuba lokukhetha kwiBhunga nabathetheli. La magosa baseka umzimba ezikhethekileyo - vo. Ilizwi eziqhelekileyo, akunjalo na? Ngo-287 BC. e. Ezi abemi abatsha kufuneka - futhi baphumelele ngayo - ukuba lo mzimba lwemimiselo zaba inyanzelekile kubo bonke abemi baseRoma. Ekubeni abaninzi abantu abahluphekileyo kunye disenfranchised kufuneka ihlonitshwe. Kwaye oko kwabanceda ukuba nobumi babo esebenzayo.

Kodwa kamva, ngemihla ubukhosi, ukuze zelo plebs kwaye ukumphazamisa iingxaki zentlalo, abalawuli baseRoma baqalisa ukumqhekezela esonkeni kumahlwempu ezidolophini kwaye ukuba balungelelanise zeendondo - kwakusilwelwa kulo. Ukususela ngoko, baya: unemihlali premium da kolandelayo kumabonwakude, apho ingqondo ujoyina ubuxoki karhulumente. Kwaye ngoku ndiyaqikelela: a abangenakwazi - ngubani na le nto?