Ungubani yeelwimi - bobabini ibunjiwe yintoni

Kwinkulungwane yama-20 - ke ngoku kule 21 - indawo kuluntu yobungcali liya ukubeka abantu - iimpawu zayo, ukuziphatha, umlinganiswa - kwiziko yophando lwenzululwazi. Xa Ezolimi kukho enye: sinomdla kwi zolwimi, kungekhona buyinto nje, kodwa wabona ubume boluntu, impumelelo zophuhliso. Ngesayensi, kusekho akukho magama kunye iinkcazelo yintoni "igama aneelwimi zakudala" eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye 'umfanekiso ulwimi wehlabathi "- ingqiqo ezinxulumene - isenzeko ithatha izazinzulu kuwo onke amanqanaba okufunda ulwimi - kuqalwa nefonetiki kunye nesiphelo yalondolozwa. Xa ethile ngokubanzi kakhulu ukuba uthi ubuntu ulwimi - iseti yokuziphatha ngokolwimi nokuzibonakalisa yabantu. Lokusekwa intetho yomntu kuchaphazela ngokuyintloko ulwimi lweenkobe.

Kwaye apha kufuneka bakhumbule ezo yeengcinga iilwimi (umzekelo, i-Sapir-Whorf hypothesis), njengako apho imisela ulwimi yokucinga. Umzekelo, ngokuba abantu Russian-nokuthetha amagama ezintsonkothileyo amanqaku ngamaqela yaye elingenammiselo, nto leyo zibonwa zizithethi eziziziqalelo iilwimi zesiJamani (IsiNgesi, Danish, isiJamani). Kwaye xa kuthelekiswa ne-Polish, in Russian akukho "kudidi ababhinqileyo-corporeal." Yiloo apho Polish zahlula phakathi (nithi, xa isimelabizo okanye isenzi form), enoba ngeqela apho kwakukho abafazi kuphela ukuba, abantwana, okanye izilwanyana, okanye enye into - iqela apho kwakukho umntu ubuncinane enye, ngenxa Russian akukho umehluko. Yintoni ifuthe? Iimpazamo kwiilwimi befundela, ezo isiphumo ezingezizo uqeqesho amahlwempu, kunye nezinye isiqaqa yeelwimi, ubuntu olumnandi.

Kwanaxa bethetha ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, siyaxoxa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, abahlobo, nootitshala ngokusebenzayo kumaqonga. Oko kukuthi, kuxhomekeke entsimini yonxibelelwano, siza kusebenzisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo ngobuni bethu - yintoni singobani yeelwimi, ukukhetha ulwimi, izindululo zoyilo, isimbo. lasungulwa kuchatshazelwa ulwimi kuphela lwabo lweenkobe ezinjalo, kodwa phakathi kwemfundo, kunye nenqanaba lemfundo kunye indawo obungcali. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo into yokuba singobani kweelwimi ugqirha, umzekelo, kuya kuba ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kulwimi uhlelo ngamnye okanye umqeshwa of Agriculture. Oogqirha badla ukusebenzisa isigama zonyango, nkqu intetho eqhelekileyo, imibutho yabo kunye nothelekiso kuya kuba lula ngakumbi ukubophelela emzimbeni womntu. Nakuba kule iinjineli intetho sivame izikweko ezinxulumene kunye neendlela kunye noomatshini. Ngoko ke, lo isakhiwo umntu ulwimi kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Imekobume Bayingenisa apho siye sakhula, ukudala isiseko, Noko ke, kwakunye neempawu zethu character nobuntu, esi sakhiwo kuphuhliso rhoqo, kwaye ichaphazela ubomi bethu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Qaphela ukuba ufune kwenye intsapho - nithi, ukutshata - uqala ukuthetha kancinane eyahlukileyo, besebenzisa imizekeliso okanye "amazwi", eyamkelwe kusapho lomyeni. Nkqu ezinomdla kakhulu kunjalo, ukuba singobani kweelwimi iyaqhubeka nokuguquguquka kwimeko ngolwimi lwasemzini. Ngoko ke, thina abaphambukeli yahluka eziliqela iimpawu, ichaphazela ulwimi apho kufuneka ukunxibelelana yonke imihla.

Ithiyori kunye ihambisane Ezolimi yesazisi olwaziwa umguquleli has indawo ekhethekileyo. Isibakala sokuba umguquleli inaso nje benkcubeko ethile, kodwa ungumlamli - umlamli - sixhobo inkcubeko enye ukuya kwenye into. umsebenzi wakhe nje kuphela ukudlulisela ulwazi, kodwa, ngokufuthi, xa kuvuselelwa amandla efanayo nempembelelo ngokweemvakalelo kwi umfundi, ngokukhutshelwa obufanayo iimvakalelo kunye nemibutho, nto leyo ulwimi lokuqala. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba ngokupheleleyo "Injongo" asikwazi ukudlulisela le ndlela, njengoko zonke - evela iindawo eziye ayiqondwanga okanye abaqondi, kunye nesiphelo kunye nokukhetha phraseology nezikweko - kuchaphazela yesazisi kweelwimi wokuguqulela. Ingakumbi ngokuqaqambileyo yona ingalandwa emva umzekelo iinguqulelo umbongo efanayo nabaguquleli ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba ngaphakathi ngexesha elifanayo (umzekelo, iinguqulelo Petrarch, ababethwala phandle iimbongi ye-Silver Age) isimbo, inkqubo umfanekiso yaye, ekugqibeleni, impembelelo yonke mbongo ezifanayo kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo ziya kwahluka ngokupheleleyo.