Yabemi Istanbul (Turkey): inkcazo jikelele le dolophu

Istanbul zesini kuqwalaselwa omnye wemizi ezindala emhlabeni. Imbali yawo uhamba emva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama amawaka amabini. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje Istanbul ukugcina ukunambitheka umoya yamhlamnene. Phantse ezitratweni zonke esixekweni, uyakwazi singaziboni imbali yayo obuzukileyo natyebileyo. Istanbul - indibanisela elimangalisayo inkcubeko yamaSilamsi, impilo bamandulo mihla. lweposi ngexesha lamandulo nelangoku ngobunye kwesi sixeko omnye. Hayi utyelela Istanbul, awukwazi ukuba watyelela Turkey. Ngapha koko, lo mzi - intliziyo lizwe, nelaye lasisiseko inkcubeko kunye nembali.

A incinane

Kude kube 1930 laloo mzi kwathiwa eConstantinople. Ngokoqobo lithetha ukuba isixeko Constantine. Sithetha uMlawuli waseRoma uConstantine mna, abathi 330 bafudukela ikomkhulu zikarhulumente Istanbul mihla. Turkey - igama ukuba urhulumente uza kufumana iqashiso kamva. Phambi mzi kwathiwa Byzantium eConstantinople kwaye intliziyo yoBukhosi baseByzantium. Ngexesha i-Latin Empire kaConstantinople naye wonyulwa elikomkhulu. Kwaye ke, ngemihla ka Ottoman elizukileyo.

Igama Turkish Republic ndakutywina ngo-1923 emva kokuba uloyiso omzabalazo wenkululeko yesizwe phantsi kobunkokheli Ataturk.

Geography ne sezulu

Istanbul - isixeko ekhethekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Le ibekwe iinxalenye ezimbini zehlabathi, nto leyo ngakumbi ngokuphathelele nasiphi na esinye isixeko ehlabathini. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iinxalenye ezimbini i Bosphorus. Istanbul sise ekwahlukaneni kweendlela kunye imihlaba. Umendo ukusuka kuLwandle Black ukuya yaseMeditera nje emdeni, leyo uhlamba uLwandle Marmara. Iindibaniso inkcubeko Asia kunye liberalism yaseYurophu kuba umzi ukwakweli indlela avela kwelaseAsiya ukuya eYurophu.

Istanbul nguye ngokupheleleyo kwindawo sezulu. Ngoko ke, nanku nobubele, ehlotyeni maxa wambi eshushu ebusika epholileyo. Ikhephu inqabile, kodwa kuyenzeka ukuba imvula ikhephu eza.

Istanbul ixesha ezahlukeneyo ukususela kwixesha eMoscow at 1:00. indawo Turkey lelakhe kwizowuni yexesha okwesibini, ngoxa eMoscow - owesithathu.

labantu Istanbul kaThixo

Ngokutsho data ongekho mthethweni, esi sixeko ilikhaya kubantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-25. Ngokusesikweni, inani labemi Istanbul ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-14. Oku kungenxa yokufika abafakwa abasebenzi abavela emazweni kwinqanaba elisezantsi wophuhliso nemfazwe imimandla yezoqoqosho. Ngokuqhelekileyo aba bantu zigcwele kwicandelo inkonzo zokwakha. Yiloo apho imfuneko umsebenzi ezisezantsi abanezakhono okanye nzima.

labantu Istanbul ibandakanya isikakhulu Turks zemveli Muslims. Noko ke, Turks abaninzi iingcambu Greek, ngenxa ngokwembali. Ngexesha Ottoman, kukho inani elikhulu yamaGrike aguqukileyo ku Islam, bahlanganisana ikomkhulu benkcubeko Turkey - Istanbul. Ulwimi oluthethwa uninzi lwabemi lomzi - Turkish. Kodwa Turks baninzi umyalelo ezilungileyo IsiNgesi kunye iilwimi IsiRussian. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa ukuya kwiindawo zokuthenga yesixeko.

imimandla Istanbul

Istanbul kuyo yonke imbali yakhe elide nelikhulu yaba isixeko silinene kakhulu, nto leyo wabeka isiseko ngeenkcubeko kwaye sezizwe. Abameli beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo bafika e Istanbul negalelo kuphuhliso esixekweni kunye nokudalwa kwizithili ezitsha.

Kwizithili Istanbul, njengoko nesixeko ngokwaso, yahlulwe yaseYurophu Asia. Kuxhomekeke ukuba afumaneka kwi ethile elunxwemeni. imizi yonke yahlulwe kwizithili 39. Ezinye zazo zizakujongwa njengo kwimizi, abanye belele, abanye umkhenkethi kunye nembali.

Izithili edume Istanbul zilandelayo:

• Islands neenkosana '. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eyona enabemi indawo aloo mzi, kodwa yinto iiholide. labemi Istanbul kaThixo uyakuvuyela ukuchitha veki bakhe apho.
• Beşiktaş. State, wathabatha nesibhakabhaka unxweme.
• Fatih - District Historic. Kuyinto e Fatih nguye nokutsala iphambili isixeko: ibandla Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace kunye nabanye.
• Beyoğlu. Akukho ndawo ngaphantsi odumileyo kwe Fatih. Abakhenkethi baye bakhetha ngayo ngenxa Taksim Square, Galata Tower. Ezi ndawo zimbini amaqhina oqhagamshelwano Galata kwebhulorho.
• Eyüp. Le ndawo intle Istanbul, ukuze ndincome kuLwandle iGolden Horn.
• Laleli. isixeko shopping ndawo, enyanisweni, imarike indawo. Kukho inani enkulu engoovimba bekwi ekuthengisweni kweempahla eziveliswa ikakhulu mveliso kushishino ekukhanyeni.

umnotho

Iimpawu zoqoqosho istanbul mkhulu kakhulu nasiphi na esinye isixeko kweli lizwe. An into umdla kukuba esi sixeko likhaya billionaires-30. Loo nto ngokwayo kubalulekile. Ukongeza, ama-27% ye-GDP accounted for yi Istanbul. Turkey iye yanika mega-isixeko ngaphezu kwama-20% abasebenzi, kodwa ufumana apho malunga ne-40% yazo zonke iirhafu.

Industry, ikakhulu kwimimandla Istanbul, nto zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukusuka zobunjineli yokudla. Uninzi imveliso kumazwe angaphandle simelwe ukutya kunye namashishini textile (malunga nama-80%). A icandelo elikhethekileyo yengeniso yedolophu imali evela sicatshulwa kweenqanawa ngokusebenzisa Bosporus Strait.

Imfundo e Istanbul

Istanbul lelona ziko yenzululwazi lizwe. Isixeko ezitsala abafundi abasuka kulo lonke elo lizwe kunye namazwe angabamelwane. Esi sixeko sikhulu e Istanbul University Turkey kaThixo. Inani labafundi ngabantu 140 000. Liziko endala kunayo emfundo ephakamileyo kweli lizwe. Kakhulu kakuhle-eyaziwa Istanbul Technical University (neeyunivesithi zobugcisa ezindala emhlabeni) kunye neYunivesithi yase Marmara.
Ukongeza kula maziko emfundo kakuhle yaziwa kwaye zindala kwisixeko kukho iiyunivesithi ezincinane, ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngaphantsi ezininzi abucala kunye noluntu, apho iingcali uloliwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. E Istanbul, amaziko ophando inkulu ejolise eli lizwe kunye enkulukazi.

iziseko nokuthuthwa isixeko

Ekubeni-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, Turkey kunye Istanbul yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi yoluntu. Inani labemi lakhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwesikhokelo umzi, kwagqitywa ukuze kuphuhliswe izibonelelo ukwenzela ukunika labemi neemeko zokuphila obutofotofo Istanbul. Phantsi kwale program, ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yezothutho umzi sele inikwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Phakathi komzi kukho moya ezimbini ezinkulu ngamazwe: omnye isahlulo European, elinye Asia. Anikezela impahla emoyeni kunye umkhweli kwezithuthi. zokuhamba Marine inikwa ngenxa yenani elikhulu zamazibuko, ezinqanaweni, ezinjengeetheminali ezahlukeneyo ukugcinwa kunye nabanye. Uninzi iimpahla nabantu bafika ashiye ngaphandle Istanbul ngololiwe. Ngenxa yoko, isitishi ezimbini kwakhiwa.

zokuhamba

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka izithuthi zikawonke e Istanbul. Stambultsy neendwendwe bangasebenzisa tram. Benza izinto zibe lula, ukuzila, mihla. Ngoncedo lwabo, uyakwazi ukubona yonke kumbindi Istanbul. Metrobus inika umyalezo kunye iindawo ezintsha umzi ngaphandle kwemikrozo yeemoto. Iibhasi - le ndlela ithandwayo izithuthi zikawonke esixekweni. Dolmush - yokufana iiteksi zethu. Kukho kwakhona iteksi, kaloliwe aneziporo, ehamba, wokuweza.

Engaqhelekanga kukuba akukho uhlobo lwezithuthi ayiquki yonke umzi. Xa iziko kulula kwaye ekhawulezayo ukuya kuyo yakho esiporweni esuka kwisikhululo senqwelo-moya ukuya kumbindi - on engaphantsi, uze wawelela ngaphesheya Asian emotweni cable okanye wokuweza. Yintoni kubenza kukuba naluphi na uhlobo zezithuthi zikawonke e Istanbul fast, ukhululekile kunye mihla.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo and Tourism

Churches, zamaSilamsi, amabhotwe, iipaki, iiplaza, iinqaba, iibrorho, amaziko olondolozo kunye neemarike - luluhlu encinane yintoni kwaye kufuneka abone e Istanbul. Uninzi izinto zembali buzinze kwisithili Fatih. Kukho edumileyo Hagia Sophia kunye Blue Mosque. Ngaphandle Ukuhlolisisa amangcwaba inkcubeko kunye nembali ayilwamkeli ukhenketho sixeko a.

Qho ngonyaka isixeko abakhenkethi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10, nto leyo umlinganiselo walo yesibheno zembali nenkcubeko. urhulumente isixeko uhlawula ingqalelo enkulu kuphuhliso lwezibonelelo zokhenketho, nto leyo ezisa eninzi imali yobuncwane.

WoKhanketho nkqu mali kakhulu uNothozamile Ungachitha ixesha e Istanbul ezintle. Ngapha koko, kukho zonke iimeko: izithuthi zexabiso eliphantsi, kukho inani elikhulu neehotele kunye neehostele, nto leyo ngenxa ukhuphiswano wanikela yokuhlala elungileyo ngentlawulo eqhelekileyo, bawabone idolophu museum incasa.