Iimpawu Sodium. sodium Formula

Sodium - omnye iintsimbi kwealkali. Table of imichiza uyixhome njengoko i-atom sokubandakanyeka yesithathu kunye neqela lokuqala.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Kweli candelo, sodium uphawu ngokwemiqathango physics ziya kuqwalaselwa. Okokuqala, ekwimo yayo enyulu, isilivere okuqinileyo ukuba ukukhazimla ebuntsimbi kunye nobulukhuni eliphantsi. Sodium ithambe ukuze kube lula kunqunyulwa ngemela. Ingongoma yokunyibilika weli lisezantsi kakhulu kwaye asixhenxe-kwehla Celsius. Ubunzima atomic sodium, incinane kakhulu kuyo, siza kuthetha kamva. Ukuxinana kwezi metal elingana 0,97 g / cm ^3.

abalinganiswa Chemical sodium

Le element has a umsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu - iyakwazi ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenza ngamandla kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Kwakhona, itafile lweziqalelo imichiza ukumisela ixabiso efana mass izinyo - kuba sodium oko mabini anesithathu. Enye adla - kuba sisixa na equlethe 6,02 x 10 23 athom isidanga (ngemolekyula ukuba iziyobisi complex). Ukwazi ubunzima izinyo le element, kuyenzeka ukuba ingakanani uya bahlole inani elithile abamenzelayo veschetsva. Umzekelo, abamenzelayo ezimbini sodium ubunzima grams emashumi mane anesithandathu. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, intsimbi esebenzayo - enye yezona lovukelo, libhekisela kwealkali, ngokulandelelana, oko kwenza oxide kwealkali (isiseko esinamandla).

Njengoko le oxides kwakhiwa

Zonke izinto eli qela, kubandakanywa kwimeko sodium, zingafunyanwa yokutsha yokuqala. Ngoko ke, kukho abasabela ngayo yentsimbi oksijini, nto leyo ekhokelela kuseko oxide. Umzekelo, ukuba aqhumisele abamenzelayo ezine sodium adla ioksijini esetyenziswe nganye kwaye bafumane abamenzelayo ezimbini oxide yesinyithi. Ifomula sodium oxide - Na ₂ O. The lenxaki basabela njani na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 4Na + O ₂ = 2Na ₂ O. Ukuba into idityaniswe namanzi ngenxa ezenziwa kwealkali - NaOH.

Ukuthatha omnye adla oxide kunye namanzi, sinokuyifumana Mol ezimbini kwisiseko. Apha equation reaction: Na ₂ O + H ₂ O = 2NaOH. Le zezinto ezithile eziziphumo kubizwa ngokuba soda abuhlungu. Oku kungenxa iimpawu zayo endibuthethileyo ialakalin kunye high imichiza aktivnotyu. Njengoko asidi enamandla, icaustic soda idityaniswe i iityuwa zesinyithi opholileyo, oganikhi khompawundi, njl Ngexesha intsebenziswano kunye indlela iityuwa exchange kwenzeka - .. A ityuwa omtsha ibunjiwe isiseko elitsha. isisombululo sodium hayidroksayidi lula kutshabalalisa laphu, iphepha, ulusu, izikhonkwane, ngoko ufuna ukugcina imithetho yokhuseleko xa usebenza naye. Esebenzayo sodium hayidroksayidi kushishino kwemichiza njengoko ngumnxibelelanisi, ngokunjalo kubomi bemihla ngemihla njengendlela yokusombulula ingxaki kweetyhubhu ivalekile.

Ukusabela ne halogens

Yinto elula, eyenziwa ngaba imichiza enxulumene iqela wesixhenxe nkqubo ngamaxesha athile. Kuluhlu iquka fluoro, iodo, chloro, bromo. Sodium ukwazi azithethelele bonke bephela, ukwakha iikhompawundi ezifana chloride / bromide / iodide / sodium fluoride. Kuba enze indlela kufuneka uthathe iintuku ezimbini intsimbi, esongeza noko omnye adla of fluoride. Isiphumo sodium fluoride xa isixa abamenzelayo ezimbini. Le nkqubo angabhalwa njengoko equation: Na + F ₂ = 2NaF. Sodium fluoride, esiye ezisetyenziswa ukuvelisa intlama nxamnye kwamazinyo, kwakunye iisepha kwiintlobo ngeentlobo imiphezulu. Ngokufanayo, xa ukudibanisa yeKhlorini ekhoyo sodium chloride (ikhitshi ityuwa), isodiyam iodide, nesetyenziswa ekwenziweni izibane metal halide, isodiyam bromide, esetyenziswa njenge medicament ngenxa nezifo, efuna, fane kunye nezinye izifo e-nervous system.

Kunye nezinye izinto ezilula

Okunye okukhoyo sodium reaction kunye phosphorus, Isalfure (isalfure), carbon (carbon). Olu hlobo reactions ngamachiza kwenziwa kuphela kwimeko kwelungiselelo elikhethekileyo ngohlobo ubushushu. Ngoko ke, kukho Ngaphezu reaction. Ingasetyenziswa ukwenza ukufumana izinto njengoko sodium phosphide, isodiyam emanzini, sodium carbide.

Ngokomzekelo, attachment ye-athom metal ukuya atom phosphorus. Xa sithatha abamenzelayo ezintathu zentsimbi kunye omnye nolovane yecandelo yesibini, uze bubushushu kubo, siya kufumana enye adla sodium phosphide. Le yokusabela zibhalwe njengoko equation ilandelayo: 3Na + = Na ₃ P P. Ngaphezu koko, isodiyam kungaba asabela ne-nitrogen kunye hydrogen. Kwimeko yokuqala, a ephuculweyo yale metal, elinesibini - hydride. Njengoko imizekelo yendlela imichiza equation loo: 6Na + N2 = 2Na ₃ N; 2Na + H2 = 2NaH. Kuba ekwenzeni intsebenziswano lokuqala kufuneka ukubhobhoza zombane, okwesibini - lobushushu eliphezulu.

Ukusabela nee-asidi

In ezilula Izinto eziyimichiza sodium iphela isici. Le metal kwakhona idityaniswe yonke asidi. Ngenxa yoko leendibano imichiza ezifana kwakhiwa sodium ityuwa kunye hydrogen. Umzekelo, ikhitshi ityuwa ibunjiwe hydrogen, leyo ngokomphushu kwi indlela intsimbi kunye zehydrochloric acid. Leswaku va le basabela ngokusebenzisa i equation reaction: Na + HCl = NaCl + H _2. Olu hlobo yentsebenziswano kuthiwa endaweni reaction imichiza. Baqhuba wayo kungaba neetyuwa ezifana phosphate, nitrate, nayitrayithi, sulfate, sulfite, sodium carbonate.

Intsebenziswano kunye neetyuwa

Sodium idityaniswe iityuwa zesinyithi ngaphandle potassium kunye calcium (ukuba reactivity ngaphezu element phantsi ingqalelo). Kulo mzekelo, njengoko kwi edlulileyo, basabela endaweni kwenzeka. I-atom ze-athom etyhidiweyo endaweni ngakumbi iikhemikhali metal buthathaka. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuxuba abamenzelayo ezimbini sodium enye nolovane magnesium Nitrate ukufumana sodium nitrate xa kukho imali abamenzelayo ezimbini, nezinki ecocekileyo - enye Mol. Rekhoda i equation yokusabela kuba njalo: 2Na + MG (NO _{3) 2} = 2NaNO ₃ + mg. Lo mgaqo zingafumaneka kunye nezinye iityuwa sodium. Kwakhona le ndlela zingafumaneka iityuwa metal yayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba bongeze amanzi sodium

Oku mhlawumbi ngomnye izinto zixhaphakileyo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Kwaye kananjalo ingqalelo sisinyithi, ekwaziyo iikhemikhali kusabela ngayo. Le fom sele kukhe kwatshiwo ngentla apha icaustic okanye sodium hayidroksayidi.

Ukuqhuba enjalo yokusabela kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe iintuku ezimbini sodium, yongeza amanzi, kakhulu, xa isixa abamenzelayo ezimbini, yaye ngenxa yoko sinokuyifumana abamenzelayo ezimbini hayidroksayidi adla hydrogen leyo yodwa njenge gas kunye ivumba elitsarhayo ngamnye.

Sodium kunye nefuthe layo phezu eziphilayo

Kokuba esithathele ingqalelo metal esebenzayo ukusuka umchiza uluvo, sichubeka oko sodium iimpawu ezifanayo eziphilayo. Nguye ngomnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Okokuqala, nguye yenye amacandelo weseli yezilwanyana. Apha, lenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo; ne potassium igcina inwebu isakhono, abathatha inxaxheba kusekwe kwaye andise umlawuli angxamele luvo phakathi iiseli yinto efunekayo eyimfuneko iinkqubo osmotic chemical (ezifuna, umzekelo, ukusebenza iiseli kidney). Ukongeza, isodiyam inoxanduva eseleyo amanzi ityiwa iiseli. Kwakhona, ngaphandle lwesi sakhi khemikhali akanakuba zothutho glucose igazi, mfuneko ukuze nokusebenza kwengqondo. Noko ke, olu wentsimbi inxaxheba kwinkqubo yindibanisela izihlunu.

Le yezimbiwa wokulanda akufuneki kuphela izilwanyana - sodium kwisityalo umzimba wenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo: kuyo inxaxheba kwinkqubo yefotosinthesis, ukunceda ukuba ukuthutha iicarbohydrate, kwakunye kuyimfuneko kuba ezi ndinyana kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo ngokusebenzisa ndizayo.

sodium abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye nokungabi

Xa umxholo nangakumbi element kwemichiza enikwe emzimbeni kungabangela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo wetyuwa ixesha elide. Ezi mpawu ukuze agqithisile sodium fever, ukudumba, ukuba nochuku, umsebenzi kidney kakuhle. Kwimeko apho iimpawu ezinjalo kufuneka zisuswe ezityiwa itafile ityuwa kunye ukutya abaninzi intsimbi (uluhlu zizakuboniswa ngezantsi), koko bafune iingcebiso unyango ngoko nangoko. Umxholo sodium reduced umzimba kukhokelela beneempawu ezingemnandi kunye ukuphazamiseka amalungu. Leach chemical esebenzayo nto ayikwazi ulawulo okondeleyo womchamo okanye xa esetyenziswa eselwayo nyulu kuphela (Yek) amanzi ukubila emzimbeni. Iimpawu zokunqongophala sodium ukuba lunxaniwe, isikhumba kunye imifinya yangaphakathi, isicaphucaphu nokugabha, imnyama, ukwazi kakuhle kunye silale, tachycardia, ukumisa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi sezintso.

Products apho kakhulu sodium

Ukwenzela ukuphepha phezulu kakhulu okanye asezantsi kakhulu emzimbeni ingqalelo into imichiza, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba ukutya kakhulu. Okokuqala, oku netyuwa theyibhile ekubhekiselwe kuwo ngasentla. Liquka amane ekhulwini sodium. Kwakhona kuba netyuwa elwandle. Ukongeza, i-metal eziqulathwe zesoya kunye soy sauce. A isixa esikhulu sodium awayezibona kwaselwandle. Le Ingca yolwandle, iintlobo ezininzi intlanzi, Shrimp, kwengwane, inyama nonkala, amaqanda, kunye nezinye zomhlaza. Umxholo sodium kubo ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto ziphilayo zifumaneka medium ityuwa ingqondo aphezulu neetyuwa zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo zibalulekile eqhelekileyo yokusebenza komzimba.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale zentsimbi kunye ezinye iikhompawundi yayo

Ukusetyenziswa sodium kushishino ubhetyebhetye kakhulu. Okokuqala, iyeza esetyenziswa kwishishini kwemichiza le. Apha kuyimfuneko ukuvelisa izinto ezifana hayidroksayidi ye intsimbi, fluoride yayo, sulfates kunye nitrate. Ukongeza, ukuba isetyenziswa njenge arhente onamandla ekunciphiseni - kuba bodwa zesinyithi Ndihlambulukile iityuwa zazo. Kukho sodium ezizodwa zobugcisa ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinjalo. iimpahla zazo sisigxina GOST 3273-75. Ngokunxulumene iipropati ekhankanywe ngasentla strong kuncitshiswa sodium lisetyenziswa yokunyibilikisa isinyithi.

Kwakhona, le ngxenye imichiza ifumana isicelo yayo kushishino famatsevticheskoy apho amaninzi kuyimfuneko ukufumana bromide wayo, nto leyo yingxam engundoqo nadlamkisayo ezininzi yokunciphisa. Ngaphezu koko, sodium ingasetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izibane sazifihla - ezi imithombo eziqaqambileyo umbala otyheli. Loo compound yemichiza ezifana sodium khloreyithi (NaClO _3), elonakalisileyo izityalo abaselula, ngoko isetyenziselwa ukulususa ukusuka kwimizila kaloliwe ukuthintela imithana yokugqibela. Sodium benqanda lisetyenziswa kushishino ungenisa igolide. Ngayo, intsimbi ifunyenwe ngamatye.

Njengoko sodium walungisa

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo indlela abasabela ngayo carbonate yentsimbi carbon. Kuba oku kuyimfuneko shushu ezi zinto zimbini ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu malunga eliwaka degrees Celsius. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuvelisa iikhompawundi ezimbini chemical ezifana sodium kunye negesi chadny. Xa indlela omnye adla sodium carbonate kunye abamenzelayo ezimbini carbon ukufumana abamenzelayo ezimbini intsimbi efunekayo kunye abamenzelayo ezintathu carbon monoxide. Emva indlela equation angabhalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: NaCO ₃ + 2C = 2Na + 3Ngoko ke. Ngokufanayo, imichiza element esebenzayo nazo zingafumaneka kusitsha.

ukusabela qualitative

Ubukho sodium +, kwakunye naziphi na ezinye ukuse- okanye anions na kumiselwa ngokusebenzisa zazo lwekhemikhali okhethekileyo. impendulo esemgangathweni ukuya sodium ion litshiswayo - xa phambi lidangatye lalo umbala in yellow.

Apho uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana ingxelo element imichiza yendalo

Okokuqala, njengokuba kuthiwe, yenye amacandelo omabini iiseli zezilwanyana nezityalo. Kwakhona lamanani ayo aphezulu olwandle. Ngaphezu koko, sodium iqukiwe nokwakhiwa kwezimbiwa ezithile. Oku, umzekelo, sylvinite, ifomula - NaCl • KCl, kwakunye carnallite, ogama ifomula KCl • MgCl ₂ • 6H ₂ O. Eyokuqala kwezi une isakhiwo inhomogeneous kunye alternating iindawo ezinemibala, orange angenzeka wayo umbala, pink, oluhlaza , obomvu. Le ezimbiwa enyibilikayo ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Carnallite, kuxhomekeka kwindawo ukuyilwa ukungcola kwaye inokuba Umbala eyahlukileyo. Kunokuba ebomvu, emthubi, omhlophe, ukukhanya eluhlaza nengafihliyo. Yena ukukhazimla ekhanyayo, reyi kukukhanya refracted kuyo ngamandla. Ezi minerals ezimbini zisetyenziswa izinto ekrwada ukulungiselela ukuveliswa zesinyithi, ezifakwe kumafa zabo: isodiyam, potassium, wemagniziyam.

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba intsimbi, esibe ngokutsha kweli nqaku, yenye yezona ixhaphake kakhulu indalo njengoko njengeqhezu abaninzi ngayo kuqweqwe lomhlaba ezibini nesiqingatha ekhulwini.