Ziziphi iimeko zendalo zaseYiputa?

Igama elithi "iYiputa" livela kwisiGrike. AmaGrike aguqula i-capital yaseYiputa-iMemphis. Abemi ngokwabo ngamaxesha amandulo babibiza ilizwe labo "iKemet", oku kuthetha "abamnyama". Oku kwakucatshangelwa njengombala omhle, njengoko wawufanekisela umhlaba oliminiweyo. UHerodotus wabhala malunga nabemi belizwe laseAfrika ukuba "abaseYiputa bonke abo baphuza amanzi eNayile." Yayiloo mlambo owawunika ubomi abantu basendulo abadala apha impucuko. Oku kwaqhutyelwa yimiqathango yendalo kunye nemozulu yaseYiputa. Siya kuzama ukuqonda oko kwakungeyinto engavumelekanga kuyo ukuba le yelula yomhlaba, ubude beekhilomitha eziliqela, ezibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwabantu. Ziziphi iimeko zendalo kwiYiputa YaseYiputa ezanikele ngolu hlobo? Sizakuzama ukuphendula le mibuzo.

Imeko yendalo yeYiputa yamandulo: imida yemvelo

IYiputa yaseYiputa yayinemida yemvelo eyenza abemi bayo babe ngabantu abanobuhlanga. Kwakuyi-oasis enkulu phakathi kweentlango ezifileyo. Ukusuka kumngcele wokuqala weNayile ukuya eLwandle lweMeditera, ubukhulu bawo bube malunga ne-1200 km. Iintaba ezinamatye kunye neentlango zentshona nangasempumalanga, i-rapids engenakulinganiswa ngasemzantsi, nolwandle olusenyakatho-konke oku kwenza ilizwe libekwe kude kwilizwe langaphandle, lizolile ukuphuhliswa kwintsimi.

Imozulu

Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba iimeko zezulu zaseYiputa zakhiwa malunga nama-5 000 kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Imozulu yayishiya ishushu ngexesha lemini kwaye ipholile ngamaqabunga ebusuku.

Ukususela ngo-Matshi ukuya kuMeyi, ixesha "eliyingozi" kubemi beza. Izivunguvungu zaseSandula zahlaselwa malunga neenyanga ezimbini. Amasango ahlanganiswa ngqimba oluxakekileyo lwesanti. "Umoya olubomvu wentlango" wongcwaba indawo yokuhlala. Ngamanye amaxesha wayevalile ilanga kangangokuba kunzima ukuhlukanisa ngokuhlwa kwasekuseni, iBhayibhile iqulethe "isiYiputa saseMnyama", esichaza le nto.

Imvula ayidlala naluphi na indima kwezolimo kwaye yabonwa njengeentlekele zemvelo. Ukuze basinde, abantu babenokwakha iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela. Ngaloo ndlela, iimeko zendalo zaseYiputa zinyusa abantu kwiqela elikhulu loqoqosho.

Le Nayile ehlukileyo

Umlambo weNayile, ngenxa yokuba kwakukho ithuba lokuphuhlisa imiphakathi apha, ayihambelani kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukususela kumbindi wokuqala ukuya kwisixeko saseMemphis (intsimi kufuphi neCairo yanamhlanje), ububanzi beentlambo eziphilayo zihluka ukusuka emakhilomitha ambalwa ukuya kwi-40, amatye angasenyakatho yeMemphis ahlukana, kwaye iNayile yahlukana ngamasebe amaninzi, eyenza intlambo enkulu enyakatho yelizwe njengendlela yonxweme. UMlambo. Ukuba ukhangele iimephu, umlambo ubonakala njengomthi ngesinye isiqu esisezantsi. Ukwahlula phakathi komntla (ngasezantsi kweYiputa) kunye nezantsi (i-Egypt yaseYiputa) kwahluke ngokucacileyo: kwelinye imozulu yayinguMedithera, kwenye i-Afrika. Oku kwachaphazela imbali yeli lizwe, kuba amazwe amabini ahlukeneyo awakhiwe apha, emva kokuba bonke badibene.

Ummangaliso wendalo

I-Nile enye iyakhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwemilambo emibini eyahlukileyo. Omnye uzola (iNayile eNtsundu), evela kwiLake Victoria, e-Equatorial Africa. Enye ihamba ngokukhawuleza (i-Blue Nile), ephuma kwiintaba eziphakamileyo zaseTyitiya eTana.

Umlambo ungummangaliso wokwenene wemvelo. Yenza izimo zemvelo zendalo zaseYiputa zokuphuhlisa ezolimo. Oku bekubangelwa ukuthunyelwa komhlaba we-Nile kunye nomoya ongathobeliyo. Umthamo wayo ufikelele kwiiyunithi ezili-100 zeetoni zezona zinto zicebile kakhulu kwi-mineral fertilizers alluvium. Umgangatho womhlaba onjalo wafikelela kwiimitha ezili-18 ukuya kwe-20, apho kwakunokwenzeka ukukhula kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Ukulima kwanoma yiphina inkcubeko, kwakwanele nje ukukhulula umhlaba kunye ne-hoe yangaphambili kwaye uphonsa imbewu kwindawo yomhlaba. Isipho esinjalo semvelo sivumelekile ukuba sibe kule ndawo encinane kwaye sishiye ingcamango malunga naluphi na ukufuduka ekukhangela ubomi obungcono.

Masiqhathanise ubunzima bethu okhokho-amaSlav. Ukuze kukhule i-rye engenakuthobeka kwilizwe, kwakufuneka bakhulule ihlathi kwimithi, bayitshise, bahluthe iingcambu, balime umhlaba ngokubanzi, kwaye unyaka ozayo baphinde bajonge ihlathi, njengoko umhlaba wawuphelile kwaye awuzange uvelise isivuno esilandelayo.

Kutheni uMlambo iNayile

Izikhukhula zanamhlanje eRussia zidibaniswa nekhefu lasebusika, ngelixa izikhukhula zeNayile, ngokuchaseneyo, kunye neemvula zasehlobo zase-Equatorial Afrika. Baye baqala ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifanayo ukuya kwimihla enye, ngoko ke amaYiputa ashukunyiswa ngokukhawuleza kwikhalenda.

Ekuqaleni kukaJune, amanzi ayenemibala eluhlaza ngenxa yemilambo yomlambo, kamva umlambo waba mnyama mnyama ngenxa yobuthakathaka obukhulu bomhlaba othunzayo. Yawela kwi-Blue Nile ngexabiso lemvula enezantya, ezithwalwa zivela ezintabeni zamatye emlambo. Umgangatho wamanzi apha wenyuka ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15, ezibonakaliswe malunga ne-delta, ubunzulu obwandisiwe ngamamitha ayi-7-8.

Ingqungquthela yamanzi entlamini yaseYiputa yawa ekupheleni kukaSeptemba-ekuqaleni kukaOktobha. Ngomhla kaDisemba umlambo wangena kumzila wangaphambili.

EMpuma, iYiputa ayiyena yodwa impucuko eyayiphila kumkhukula womlambo. Enye indawo enjalo yayinguMesopotamia, ehlala kwixabiso leTigris ne-Ewufrathe.

Ingxaki ephambili yaseMesopotamiya yayingumkhukula, odale iingxaki ezininzi, kubandakanywa indlala kunye nendyikitya yokufa.

EYiputa, ngokuchasene noko, kwakungekho ukunyameka kwamanzi amaninzi.

"Kwakubonakala ngathi i-monster yayifuna ukutshabalalisa ubomi bonke ..."

Abemi basekuqaleni banqula uNayile, kunye nayo yonke into eyayinxulumene ngandlela-thile kunye nokuhamba kwayo. Kodwa ngaba iimeko zendalo zaseYiputa zithintela ubomi kangaka?

Ingxelo yembali-mlando ye-Arab ekhulwini le-12 ixhomekeke kwizixhobo zemithombo yamandulo. Ngonyaka owodwa isomiso sasinamandla, "kwakubonakala ngathi i-monster yayifuna ukutshabalalisa bonke ubomi kunye nokuphila." Abantu balahlekelwa ithemba lokuhlambalaza, okubangelwa amaxabiso okutya. Abantu abavukelayo, beyazi malunga nendlala esondeleyo kunye nokufa.

Le meko yahlaselwa ngumlilo omkhulu, owabangela ubhubhane kwiizimba ezininzi. Amahlwempu aqala ukudla izinja, iikati, izilwanyana ezifileyo kunye nabantu, iifestile kunye nomquba. Abanye bapheka baze babhaka abantwana abancinci.

Ibali, ngokuqinisekileyo, liyabangela ukothuka, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba kutheni amaYiputa amandulo ayemnqula kakhulu umlambo kwaye ayavuya gqitha xa echithwa.

Umthamo wezothutho

Umlambo usebenze njengomthamo omkhulu wezothutho kwilizwe, njengoko liphuma kulo lonke ilizwe. Kwakunokwenzeka ukugebha kungekuphela kwendawo yangoku ukusuka kumzantsi ukuya ngasenyakatho, kodwa nakwezinye iziganeko, ekubeni imimoya esenyakatho kunye nenyakatho-ntshona yayivame ukuqhuma, ukuvumela ukuba umkhumbi usetyenziswe ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Ziziphi iimeko zendalo zaseYiputa zasendulo ezazikhethela ngaphezu kweNayile kunye neentlanzi? Ngaphezulu siya kuphendula lo mbuzo.

Oasis

AmaYiputa ahlala kuphela kwintlambo yeNayile, kodwa nakwiindawo ezincinci ezithe zajikeleza ngeenxa zonke - iiparadesi zeparadesi zendalo kunye nomswakama phakathi kwenkangala engapheliyo. Enkulu kunazo - i-Fayumskie oasis eMpuma yelizwe. Babenendawo engama-2 engama-square metres. Km.

Izikhumba zaziziindawo ezizimeleyo ngaphakathi kwiphondo, kuba kwakulula kubo ukuba bangafikeli kwiimitha zeentlango ezifileyo. Ininzi kakhulu yabhubha kubo, ezama ukufumana okanye okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, uphume. Oku kufakazela ukuba amaYiputa amthumelela izigwenxa zabo kwi-oases kwaye azigcina apho ngaphandle kokukhuselwa.

Imiqathango yemvelo yaseYiputa (ibanga lesi-5, imbali): izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zasendulo

Isityalo kunye nobomi bezilwanyana kwangexesha elidlulileyo behluke kakhulu, zicebile kunoko.

Ngentwasahlobo, iimbongolo zasendle, iibison, iigrafes, izibhokhwe zasendle ezihlambini zeNayile, i-gazel kunye ne-girafes, iingwe neengonyama, kunye neegusha zaseBerberian zafunyanwa kwintlambo. Emfuleni kwakukho iingwenya, imvubu, iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi. Konke oku kuvumelekile ukuhlukana nokutya kwabahlali, ukubonelela iintlanzi kunye nomdlalo kwimarike.

Ukususela kwizityalo kwakhula imithi yesundu, ii-lotus, ipapyrus, i-acacia, i-tamarisk, umkhiwane. Oku kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukutya imihla, amakhiwane, ukwenza iphepha (papyrus), ukusebenzisa izityalo kwiyeza.

Izibonelelo ezincedo

Uhlobo lunikele iYiputa nje kuphela ngomhlaba omhle, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, kodwa kunye neendawo zokugcina izakhiwo zelitye zokwakha: i-limestone, i-sandstone, i-granite, i-basalt, i-alabaster eguquguqukayo, i-sodium (mica esetyenziselwa ukugcoba). E-Nubia nakumaMpuma kwakukho iipasiti zezityebi zegolide, kungekudala kumaYiputa eSinayi - iifomethi ezibalulekileyo zethusi.

Izixhobo ezazingeniswa kwelizwe zimbalwa: iitini, isilivere kunye nemisedari.

Isiphelo

Siphendule lo mbuzo, yintoni imeko yendalo eYiputa yamandulo yavumela ukuba kubekho impucuko. Masibhale. Izibonelelo ezizityebi zelizwe kunye nezikhukhula zeNayile zenza lula ubomi baseYiputa. Yingakho impucuko yaphuhliswa apha ngokukhawuleza, ngokungafaniyo, ngokukodwa, ukusuka kwezinye iindawo, abemi bayo babehlala besondele ekufeni nasekufeni. Kodwa ngelo xesha, ezo meko zigcina ukuphuhliswa kwezenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Iimeko ezibuhlungu zobomi zabanye abantu zisishukumisela ukuba sifumane ezinye izixhobo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukufumana izinto ezintsha, ukuqhubeka kwenzululwazi. Oku kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo zempi, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo. Konke oku kwathonya imbali yeYiputa YaseYiputa, inemfazwe ebonakalayo kunye neentonga zezobhedu kunye neengxube zathintela izixhobo ezingcono kwamanye amazwe.