Ubukhosi bookumkani baseFransi, obusa ukususela ngo-987, ukususela ngekhulu le-14 leminyaka, ngekhulu le-19. Inzala yamaKhosi aseFransi: itafile

Ookumkani abanobude obuninzi - obizwa ngokuba ngumbuso wokuqala wookumkani baseFransi, ovela kwiSalic Franks, isebe elizimeleyo elihlala eTosandriya (ukuphazamiseka kwemifula iMaas neSikldt) ukususela ngo-420, inkokeli yakhe eyisungulo se-Merovingian-Faramond, ngokweengcali ezininzi, . Ukususela kwiV ukuya kwi-VIII inkulungwane kwimimandla yamanqaku aseFransi namaBelgium namhlanje.

Imithetho yeFransi yakudala

Ubukhosi bobukhosi obuqhelekileyo bookumkani baseFransi bujikelezwe yimfihlelo, iimbali kunye neengcamango. Abantu baseMerovingians bazibiza ngokuthi "abatsha abaselula" ngokwabo. Baye babonwa njengabasebenzayo bemimangaliso, ababukeli kunye nabathakathi, amandla abo anamandla aquka iinwele ezinde. Isibalo seFaramond, unyana kaMarcomir, kunye nenzala yakhe, kuquka uMerovei ngokwakhe, ingxabano. Ubukho babo baninzi, kunye nenyaniso yokuba bathatha inceba yabo ngqo kwi-Trojan King Priam, okanye, ngokugqithiseleyo, kwisihlobo sakhe seqhawe le-Trojan War of Aeneas, alizange libhalwe ngaluphi na uhlobo. Kanye nenyaniso yokuba i-Merovingians ivela kuYesu Kristu. Abanye abantu bababiza ngasenyakatho yeRusov. Amanye amanqaku athi ubukhosi buthatha uhlobo lwayo kwiMerovaya, yingakho kuthiwa. Abanye bathi iMerovei yayingumhla wesi-13 kulolu hlobo.

Ubungqina bembali

Ubomi bokuqala bembali, abaphandi abaninzi bacinga kuphela unyana kaMerovey - Hilderik. Zininzi, kodwa kungekhona zonke. Ininzi iqwalasela umsunguli wobukumkani wonyana wakhe, oko kukuthi, umzukulu kaMerovei-Clovis (481-511), ophumelele ngokulawula iminyaka engama-30 waza wangcwatshwa kwiCawa likaPetros noPawulos eyakhela eParis (ngoku icawa yaseSt. Geneviveve). Le nkosi yamakhosikazi aseFransi yazukiswa ngu-Holdwig I. Akunjalo nje ngokuba iFransi yamkela uKatolika kunye naye, kwaye ubhaptizo lwakhe lwaluzalwa ngokutsha koBukumkani baseRoma. Ngaphantsi kwakhe, isiFrankish (ekuguquleleni "sikhululekile") ilizwe liye landa kakhulu ngobukhulu, lifaniswa ne "mpucuko ephakamileyo" yaseByzantium. Ya phucula. Ukufunda nokubhala kwabafundi bekuphindwe kathathu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-500 kamva.

Abameli abomeleleyo nababuthathaka bendlu yobuqaqawuli

AmaKumkani aseMerovingians aye, ngokusemthethweni, awaziwayo kwaye afundiswe kakhulu. Bulumko kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abalawuli abanobunzima, njengoDagobert II (676-679), abangazange balawule ixesha elide, kodwa ngesibindi. Wagxininisa onke amandla ezandleni zika-monarch, okwenza ilizwe lomelele, kodwa lungazange lithande iindidi ezinobungqina kunye necawa. Lo kumkani wabulawa. Ngokomnye uguqulelo, wabulawa ephupheni nguThixo wakhe, owagubungela iliso ngepondo. Icawa, eye yavuma ukubulala inkunzi, yabonisa ukuba yi-872. Emva koko, umntu unokuthi ummeli wokugqibela weMerovingians, ixesha le-mayordomdom liqala. UHilderik III (743-751), owokugqibela kwindlu yaseMerovingians, wayengasenamandla okusebenza. Wabekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi ngoMeyiordom Pepin Mfutshane kunye noCarloman emva kokuba itrone yayingenanto iminyaka engama-7. Ngokuqinisekileyo wayeyindodana kaHiliperik II, kodwa akukho bungqina bokuba ngulo hlobo lweMerovingians ngokubanzi. Ngokwemvelo, kwakuyinto yokudlala kwizandla zezikhulu.

ICarolingians kunye nommeli wabo omhle

ICarolingians - ubukhosi bookumkani baseFransi, ukubuyisela abalawuli be-genus Meroveya. Umlawuli wokuqala wayenguPepin III Mfutshane (751-768), owathi ngaphambi kokulungiswa kweso sikhundla somagosa, oko kukuthi, ohloniphekileyo kwinkundla yaseMerovingian. Uyaziwa ngokuba nguyise kaCharlemagne. U-Pepin, owayesebenzisa amandla ngamandla kunye nokunyaniseka, wabanjwa entolongweni yokugqibela ye-Merovey yobukhosi, uHilderik III.

Umntu oqaqambileyo kungekuphela kwendlu yobukhosi baseCarolingians, olawula ukususela ngo-751 ukuya ku-987, kodwa nakwimbali yonke yeFransi, nguCharles the Great (768-814). Igama lakhe libuye linike igama lenkosi. Ijoni eliphumeleleyo elenza amaphulo angaphezu kwe-50, wanda-wandisa imida yaseFransi. Ngama-800, eRoma, uCharles washunyayelwa umbusi. Amandla akhe abe nemida. Ukuzisa imithetho engqongqo, wayegxininisa amandla ezandleni zakhe. Ngenxa yecala elincinci lomntu owephula imithetho ebekwe nguye, isigwebo sokufa silindele. UCharles kabini ngonyaka waqokelela ibhunga lobukhulu bezobukhohlakele. Ukuxhomekeka kwizigqibo ezithathwe ngokudibeneyo, imithetho ekhutshwe. Ngentendelezo yakhe, umbusi wayehamba lonke ilizwe ngokulawula kwakhe. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukuziphatha ngale ndlela kunye nokulungiswa komkhosi kwakungeke kwenzeke kodwa kube nemiphumo emihle. EFransi yakhula. Kodwa ubukumkani budibana nokufa kwakhe. Engaboni ngumblalifa ofanelekileyo, uKarl wabela izabelo kubantwana ababesemagqabini. Emva koko, ukwahlukana kwaqhubeka.

Ukuphela kolawulo oludalwa nguKarl

Ubukhosi bookumkani baseFransi bendlu kaCarolingian babusa ilizwe iminyaka engaphezu kweyesibini, kodwa kwakungekho namnye wabameli balobu bukhosi obukhumbuza nokuba nguCharles the Great. Umlawuli wokugqibela kwisikhundla soMlawuli waseBerengar ndafa ngo-924. Ngo-962 ukumkani waseJamani u-Otto I-Great wamisa uMbuso oyiNgcwele wamaRoma. Waqala ukuzijonga njengomzukeli wobukhosi baseCarolingian. Uokugqibela ukumkani ovela kule nkosi nguLouis V Lazy, owayengamandla kumnyaka owodwa - ukususela ngo-986 ukuya ku-987. Ngokwezinye iinguqulelo, wayetyhelwa ngumama wakhe. Mhlawumbi kuba wayenesivila. Yaye nangona wayemisele umalume wakhe ukuba abe yindlalifa, abefundisi kunye namandla babekwe esihlalweni sobukhosi nguHugo Capet.

I-Third Royal House yaseFransi

Ubukhosi bookumkani baseFransi, obulawula ukususela ngo-987, babizwa ngokuba yiRoberts, kamva baseCapetians, njengokuba umntu onokuqiqa, egama igama lokuqala ohleli esihlalweni ngokwasemthethweni, uHugo Capet (iminyaka yolawulo 987-996). Ngokumalunga nabameli balobu bukhosi, ophelile ekufeni kukaCharles IV oMnandi ngo-1328, uyaziwa ngokubanzi, ukuba kuphela ngenxa yokuba u-Maurice Druon "OoMakhosi Abonakalisiweyo", ogqithisekayo kakhulu kwiSoviet Union, unikezelwe kwiminyaka yokulawula kookumkani abathandathu bokugqibela basebukhosini baseKapa, kunye nabalawuli ababini bokuqala. Ukususela kwintando yaseValois, isebe elincinci lamaCapetians. UFilipu IV Ulungileyo kunye nayo yonke inzala yakhe yaqalekiswa yiNkosana Omkhulu weempempe ngexesha lokubulawa kwakhe.

Uqeshwe kwaye uqine

Abameli baloo ntsapho yasebukhosini kwaye phantsi kweCarolingians babhengezwa ookumkani baseFransi - oonyana ababini bomsunguli wobukhosi bukaRobert the Strong, i-Earl ka-Anjou - u-Ed omkhulu ngo-888, kunye noRobert omncinci ngo-922. Kodwa iCarolingians yahlala yintsapho yaseburhulumenteni. Kwaye u-Hugo Capet sele usekele ubukhosi bakhe obusemthethweni, ongathi, wahlala enamandla kwaze kwaba ngo-1848, kuba izindlu ezilawulayo ezalandela zaseValois, iBourbon, Orleanids zazingamasebe amancinci aseKapa. Ubukhosi bookumkani baseFransi ukususela ngo-987 budumileyo kungekhona nje kuphela kwimigangatho yayo, kodwa nangenxa yokuba befumene kwiCarolingians isimo esahlukileyo apho amandla enkosi asasazeka kuphela ukusuka eParis ukuya e-Orleans, yajika iFransi ibe yindlela yamandla enamandla eyayisuka e-Atlantic yonxweme eya eLwandle lweMeditera . Oku kwenziwa kwimizamo yookumkani bakhe abakhulu-uLouis VI Tolstoy (1108-1137), uFilipu II Augusta Krivoy (1179-1223), omnye wabameli abakhethekileyo beli ndlu, uLouis IX Saint (1226-1270), uFilipu III uBold (1270- 1285), kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, uFilipu IV uhle (1285-1314). Watshintshe ngokupheleleyo iFransi, waguqula waba ngumbuso, into ekhumbuza imeko yethu yangoku.

Igama lesiteketiso elishiye kwiibophezelo

Ubukumkani bookumkani baseFransi, ogama lakhe livela kwi-nickname - oku kukwahlulo. Ukongezwa egameni lenkosi yokuqala u-Hugo Omkhulu wayekhankanywe okokuqala kwiXe yeXI. Ngokwabanye abaphandi, wafumana le nickname ngenxa yokuba wayenxibe ye-cap (cappa). Wayengumabbot wezilwanyana ezidumileyo njenge-Saint-Germain-des-Prés, iSt-Denis, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, abaseCapeti bebeyesebe elidala le nentsapho enkulu, inzala yabo eyayisungulwa ngamanye amakhosi ookumkani baseFransi. Itafile engezantsi ibonisa oku ngasentla.

Ucocekile, nzima, mnandi kakhulu

UFilipu the Fair wayenomtshato ophumelela kakhulu, apho abantwana abane bazalwa khona. Abafana abathathu ngokunye babekho ookumkani baseFransi-uLouis X Omkhulu (1314-1316), uFilipu V Long (1316-1322), uCharles IV oMhle (1322-1328). Ookumkani ababuthathaka babekude kunye noyise wabo obalaseleyo. Ukongezelela, babengenabantwana, ngaphandle kukaJohn I of the Posthumous, unyana kaLouis X Warm, owafa iintsuku ezintlanu emva kokubhaptizwa. Intombi kaFilipu the Beautiful yatshata isiNgesi uKing Edward II, eyanika ilungelo loonyana bayo uEddend III we-genus Plantagenet ukujongana namalungelo kwisihlalo sobukhosi saseFransi ukusuka kwisebe likaValois, owayehlala emva kokufa kukaCharles the Beautiful. Oku kwakhokelela ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yeminyaka Elikhulu.

Isebe laseValois

Ubukhosi bookumkani baseFransi, obuqala ukubusa ukususela kwikhulu le-14, lwabizwa ngokuba yi -Valois (1328-1589), njengoko ukhokho wabo wayengumzala wakhe wokugqibela uMongameli waseCapetians Philippe Valois. Isabelo sale ndlu esilawulayo saba nemingcipheko emininzi-imfazwe egazi, ukulahleka kwemimandla, isifo esiyintlupheko, ukuvuswa kwamatye, okubaluleke kunayo yonke i-Jacquerie (1358). Kuphela ngo-1453, iFransi, kwakhona kuphinda kwimbali yayo, ifumana ubuqaqawuli bayo bobudala kwaye ibuyiselwe kwimida yayo yangaphambili. Kwaye uJeanne d'Arc, okanye u-Orleans, owagxotha amaNgesi "amaFrentshi ayambulela" atshiswa kwisibonda. Ubusuku bukaBartholomew buwa nolawulo lobukhosi - uAgasti 24, 1572. Kwaye le ndlu yasebukhosini yayinabameli abafanelekayo, njengoFrancis I. Ngeminyaka yokubusa kwakhe, iFransi yahluma ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kobuNtshatsheli kwaye amandla onke enkosi ayomelezwa. Ulokugqibela ukumkani wale ndlu wayengumntwana omncinane kunye nentanda ethandekayo uCatherine de Medici (owokuqala - ookumkani bakaFrancis II noCharles IX) uHenry III. Kodwa wayebethelwa ngumbethi-mkhulu-uDominican uJacques Clément. UHenry III wazukisa iincwadi zeAlexander Dumas "uMbhinqa uMargot", "Countess de Monsoro", "Amashumi mane anesihlanu." Kwakungekho nyana, kwaye ubukhosi beValois buyeka ukulawula.

Bourbons

Ixesha liza kuba ookumkani baseFransi bendlu yaseBourbon, eyasungulwa ngo- 1589 nguHenry IV waseNavarre (1589-1610). Umseli weli sebe elincinane laseCapetians wayengunyana kaLouis IX St. Robert (1256-1317) ngomfazi kaSire de Bourbon. Abameli balobu bukhulu baseFransi bahlala kwitrone ukusuka ngo-1589 ukuya ku-1792, kwaye ukususela ngo-1814 ukuya ku-1848, ngoxa eSpeyin, emva kokubuyiswa okuphindaphindiweyo, ekugqibeleni behla kuloo ndawo kuphela ngo-1931. EFransi, ngenxa yesiguqulelo sika-1792, ubukhosi babususwa, kwaye uKumkani Louis XVI wabulawa ngo-1793. Ukubuyiselwa esihlalweni sobukhosi, babesemva kokuwa kweNapoleon I ngo-1814, kodwa kungekhona ixesha elide - ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwe-1848. Inkosi edumileyo yaseFransi evela kwiBourbon yobukhosi ngokuqinisekileyo nguLouis XIV okanye uSol King. Isibheno esinjalo asifumananga nje ngenxa yokuba wayenamandla iminyaka engama-72 (itrone yakhe yathatha eneminyaka emihlanu ngo-1643, wafa ngo-1715), kodwa ngenxa yamabhallets amahle angama-equestrian apho wayithatha inxaxheba kwinkwenkwezi okanye umbusi waseRoma Kwizandla zegobe legolide elifana nelanga. Impumelelo ekhethekileyo ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, ilizwe alikwazanga ukuziqhayisa. Kwaye iinguqulelo zamanzi ezazanyakazela ilizwe ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 nephakathi kwe-19 leminyaka zibonisa ukuba umthetho weBourbon awufanelanga abantu baseFransi.

Izindlu zasebukhosini zaseFransi zeXIX

Yintoni eyaziwayo ngobukumkani bobuFrentshi benkulungwane ye-19? Ngenxa yokuba yaphazanyiswa yimibutho, yabuyiselwa kwakhona iphinda yaphazamiseka. KwiXestile yeXIX kwisihlalo sobukhosi saseFransi ukusuka ngo-1804 ukuya ku-1815 wahlala uMlawuli uNapoleon I Bonaparte. Emva kokuphonswa kwakhe, ukubuyiselwa kweBourbon kwenzeka. Etrone waya kuLouis XVIII (1814-1824), inkosi yama-67 yeFransi. Wayeyindoda yokugqibela yaseFransi, engazange iguqulwe, ezimbini zokugqibela (uCharles X 1824-1830, uLouis Philippe - 1830-1848) zalahlwa yitrone ngenxa yeendlela zokurhoxiswa. Umntakwabo kaNapoleon Mina, umongameli wokuqala weRiphabhulikhi yaseFransi, uLouis Napoleon Bonaparte okanye uNapoleon III wayengumuntu olawulayo wokugqibela. Kwisikhundla soMlawuli waseFransi ukususela ngo-1854 ukuya ku-1870 wayenamandla kude kubekho ukuthunjwa kwakhe nguWilliam I. Kwakukho ukuzama ukuhlala kwisihlalo sobukhosi saseFransi, kodwa ukuthintela oku, ngo-1885 zonke iintsika zala maFransi zathengiswa, kwaye ekugqibeleni ilizwe labizwa ngokuthi yi-republic. KwiXestile leXIX, itrone yayihlala ebukumkani bamaFrentshi, itafile kunye nemihla kunye nomyalelo wokulawula owanikwa apha ngezantsi.

I-Merovingians, iCarolingians, iCapetians (kuquka iValois, i-Bourbons, i-Orleans), i-Bonapartes - ezi zi-Dynasties ezilawulayo zaseFrentshi.