MIG-29: Ukucacisa. Grant-29: kwezikhali, isantya, iifoto

Amathuba oshishino zokhuselo i USSR ngokuphindaphindiweyo uwajongele utshaba, ingakumbi xa kuqwalselwa amakhono kunye real kakhulu. A Inani leesampulu iingalo Soviet yembali lizwe liye laba umgangatho abathungi ezininzi kuphuhliswa namuhla States. Abanye babo bade baba luphawu semkhosini USSR kunye Russia entsha. oomatshini Uzuko Shpagin kunye Kalashnikov, T-34 ne T-54 "Katyusha" kunye nezinye imveliso Russian ezibulalayo uye kude ngaphaya yesithandathu lizwe. moya Mortal MIG iyasebenza zasekhaya izixhobo lomculo.

Imbali MIG Design Bureau

Design Bureau waqalisa ukusebenza ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Engineers A. I. Mikoyanu (umntakwabo Commissar Stalin kaThixo) kunye M. I. Gurevichu ngo-1940 wakwazi ukwakha ukulwa enkulu, omnye iimpawu intle kwihlabathi. Kwafuneka inani lentswelo, kodwa ke ngelo xesha lokuqala benayo-off le ngesantya umatshini ezilula kunye yakhiwe onombala bakwazi ukukhuphisana naye nawuphi na moya eJamani, i-UK okanye US.

KB ebesoloko afune nje kuphela ukulandela iintsingiselo ehlabathini kushishino moya, kodwa ithuba lokubuza kubo. I umlweli yokuqala kwimveliso jet kwi-USSR, MIG-9, yaba impendulo nokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kwe-Air Force Western moya eklasini yayo.

era lovukelo

Bamangaliswa ebuhlungu pilot waseMelika MIG-15 ngo-speed kunye uphume iimpawu mkhulu imveliso ezinkulu Northrop kunye nabanye abenzi evela e-US, abo bakholwayo neendlela zakhe achazayo. Esibhakabhakeni xa imfazwe Vietnam wazingqina ukuba interceptor elihle MIG-17 kunye mig-21. Kwakukho nezinye iimodeli-moya, MIG-19 kunye mig-23. Ebudeni bemfazwe kukaSirayeli kunye eYiputa umsebenzi onzima MIG-25 liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo yephule umgca ngaphambili, ukwenza behlasela Tel Aviv. Kwaye nangona engazange abe naziphi na izixhobo, isibakala sokuba moya eSoviet eziphaphazelayo sohlwayo phezu kweli lizwe, baxhotyiswa iinkqubo umoya wokhuselo latest US iye emkhenkceni unjalo ezininzi. A Inani kongquzulwano yengingqi, apho eSoviet zomkhosi moya MIG wabonisa ngokwayo kwi okusemandleni alo, waba uhlobo yokwazisa lophawu, isiqinisekiso ekumgangatho kunye nokusebenza eliphezulu izixhobo Soviet emkhosini. Kuvuthondaba yemigudu abathungi yaba MIG-29. iimpawu zobugcisa umlweli namhlanje, iminyaka engama-37 emva kokuphela komsebenzi yoyilo enkulu ukuhlangabezana kakhulu neemfuno zale mihla kwizithuthi kuliwe eklasini yayo.

Kubalulekile isabelo urhulumente

Xa gqira kwexesha - nasekuqaleni, i "workhorse 'ephambili US Air Force kunye nenani mazwe - iintshaba ezinokwenzeka ye-USSR - yaba odumileyo F-4," phantom "zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo kwinkampani McDonnell Douglas. Uyilo lo moya ube yimpumelelo kakhulu, oku isigqibo uhlobo jikelele le ngxaki - ngokuqhuba emoyeni kuliwe eqondisa ukuba iziqhushumbisi yaye enomjukujelwa ukuhlaselwa kwiithagethi emhlabeni. Kodwa amava of Vietnam kunye noMbindi Mpuma wabonisa ukuba nxamnye eSoviet MIG-21 yaye ngaphambili mig-17 ukuya kulwa naye nzima. umlinganiselo ukulahlekelwa wayengekho baxhasa abaseMelika. EUnited States ziye uqalile umsebenzi ngokudala indawo "phantom", nto leyo ikhokelele moya karma F-14 "Tomcat" kunye F-15 "Eagle". Soviet Air Force ifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo maxesha ngenxa iiprojekthi ixesha elide abenzi-moya phesheya with "iikati 'yabo' amaxhalanga 'abantu. KB MIG, urhulumente waseSoviet wamisela ithagethi. Kukuwa 1977 ndandilungele interceptor entsha mig-29. umatshini ngexesha elinye kwenzeka ngomhla we-6 Oktobha. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, moya ziye zaqalisa Air Forces USSR.

A kangako ngenkangeleko

Kuloo minyaka, nkqu nokubonakala uhlobo olutsha isixhobo kwaba yimfihlo karhulumente. Eneneni, izisombululo zobugcisa revolution abaninzi, kuquka sengqiqo, waba isici esasenza MIG-29. Photo esipapashwe oludale esendimbaneni, okanye irekhodi flight umboniso, wabonisa kumabonakude, yintoni iingcali iinkampu nobudlova kweengcinga kumgca ephambili kushishino lweenqwelo elizayo. Ngokutsho ingcamango uMyili eliyiNtloko M. Waldenberg inkxaso uyaphumelela Jikelele artem Mikoyan R. Belyakov, lo moya iye ekuthiwa-integrated yezitshixo wesekethe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukususela zoyilo division Aviation zivunyiwe ngamazwe kwi-moya kunye fuselage kwi KB yarhoxa. Lonke airframe yayiquka shintsha agudileyo, unokukhawuleza, kunye neendonga "wayengekho" kwicala kuphela isaphetha.

Amanyathelo ukuthobela izinto ziyimfihlo wayengekho balumke ngokugqithiseleyo. Hlola ezenzeka abanye abantu kunye neengcali nako owadala moya MIG. Photo Abathathiweyo eliguqukayo ekuthethwe "phantom", eyenziwe omnye zezulu ibonisa, wanikela ngexesha lakhe ngolwazi gqitha iinjineli zethu. Indibano efanayo lalibhekisela mig-23.

Le mveliso amandla kunye nomfuziselo "Intsimbi"

iinjini Aircraft babe amabini (RD okanye RD-PO-ZZK zokuwaguqula "M"), ukuba ibekwe ngezantsi nephiko. saliphosa sabo setotali unako ukufikelela ukusuka KN 16.600 ukuya 17,600 (kgf). Ukuba luthathele ingqalelo ukuba ubunzima athathe-off kumatshini ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-15, kulula ukucinga ukuba lagqithisa ixabiso iyunithi Isalathisi saliphosa-weight ratio. Oku ke kuthetha ukuba xa mig-29 ibekwe ngokuthe nkqo ndirhoxise negesi kwindawo ekufutshane kumda, iya bojinga ndawo okanye liphuma ngasentla ngaphandle pha ka iphiko. Olu phawu technical ikuvumela ukuba ukubonisa kuphela aerobatics unique kwimibonise, kodwa sibaluleke esebenzayo kubalulekile. Elinye Labaniki ndawo asebenza kwi siseko Doppler kwaye ukulandelela kuphela izinto ezihambayo. Ngexesha ukuphunyezwa "intsimbi" yaye "Cobra" (oko kukuthi babizwa ngokuba aerobatics ngexesha ukubulawa apho kukho i "lag") isantya moya MIG-29 ilingana zero, nabo bonke kolawulo nokhokelo kweenkqubo zokhuselo air utshaba ningabi kuyibona komabonakude zabo .

"Iigilizi" MIG-29

Xa ukwakhiwa moya, kukho ezinye izisombululo ezibonisa iindlela ezintsha zokusombulula iingxaki ngokucindezela. isimiso enamandla kufuna okuninzi zezulu, kwaye ke ukumvumela ukwamkelwa ukutya kukuninzi. Ukuba moya igutyungelwe likhephu, kuyo kukho isanti (ukuba kwezinye iingingqi hayi lwepaki) okanye nezinye izinto, bonke iwela samanzi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukujongana nalo bhubhane. Umzekelo, unako ukufaka izihluzi emoyeni emotweni. Kodwa bona badla kwakhona ukuba ivalekile. Okanye elinye Isicombululo: ukubeka isibalo umoya ngaphezulu. Kodwa ezehlisa iimpawu ashukimisayo le airframe. Kwimeko MIG-29 abayili ziye luluvavanyile isisombululo engaqhelekanga kwaye ezizodwa. inani Air de elirhoxisa ye gear lokuhlala ngokusebenzisa nemifula umoya olungaphezulu fairing eliphezulu kokuxhuma iphiko kunye fuselage. imikrozo abo bobabini, ukuba ibekwe symmetrically kwicala ekunene nasekhohlo. Baye ngokuba "iigilizi". Xa uhambo kunye ukugaleleka isibalo eziphambili umoya uthintelwe ngokupheleleyo, yaye kuphela emva kokuba iseti babengabafo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo ezaneleyo zivula.

Avionics

Hayi nje iinjini yamandla omoya elihle. mig-29 ezidumileyo. Iinkcukacha, nokuba babefudula rasprekrasno, umoya combat mihla akuqinisekisi uloyiso, ukuba umqhubi ayenzelwanga iimeko zokusebenza kunye nenkxaso ulwazi, ukunika isigqibo ngoko nangoko. Sekunjalo, isizukulwana wesine into phezulu, ingakumbi ukuba nokuqhubekayo electronic, kogxa bethu oku basoloko liphathwa ingqalelo enkulu. Isibakala sokuba isiseko ndleko-ibhodi ikhompyutha (oku TS100.02-06) Ulwazi kunye Centre Computing, hayi akumangalisi. Kuba ngqa kweli lizwe (kwaye mhlawumbi ehlabathini) kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezongezelelweyo abaninzi lula umsebenzi umqhubi. Ngokukodwa, "Natasha" (njengezelatha igama sesalathiso ilizwi inkqubo, eneneni, le "diamond-UP"), ozwi liyolileyo female ukuxelela ukuba indlela lwenziwa yokunqongophala ukuphakama okanye isantya, azise malunga utshaba, afikileyo nomsila, okanye ezinye ingozi, Impazamo okanye likaxakeka.

ulawulo Arms Kulula kakhulu. Le nkcazelo luthelekelelwa kwi ifestile Injengokubengezela isikhululo semithi kwaye kwinkqubo ekujoliswe isiqu headset imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. Wajonga moya, ndathatha isigqibo lokuhlasela, nizihlabe iqhosha ngezikhali - kwaye kuthathwa ukuba utshaba akukho ngakumbi. Loo lujongo olubulalayo kwi ngabaqhubi zethu. Kwaye ukuba badidekile futhi ulungiso lwendawo, loo nto ilungile, nqakraza elinye iqhosha kwaye moya ngokwayo bayilungisa, inqumle, kwaye kuluhlu.

inkqubo yolawulo Electronic

Xa avionics mihla zomkhosi moya umsantsa kunye nenkqubo yolawulo izixhobo kunzima kakhulu. Ngaphandle ubhaqo ezibuthathaka kobekujoliswe ngokuchasene nentsukaphi komhlaba radar komhlaba ukuze siphumelele namhlanje phantse akunakwenzeka, kodwa esi sixhobo ezisebenza umsebenzi yokukhangela. Mig-29 mayixhotyiswe uhlobo radar HO-93 okwaziyo kunye ekujoliswe ezilishumi ngaxeshanye. Le yinxalenye abalibona kunye navigation ezintsonkothileyo OEPRNK-29, nto leyo ukwenza mapping okukhawulezayo, ubuchule ibala ukuhlaselwa ekujoliswe aselwandle kunye nesiseko sayo yotshaba. Xa isakhiwo apho kunye nenkqubo abalibona optronic OEPS-29, xa lisetyenziswa kwi kuphuhliso kwimpumelelo ezintsha physics quantum. Injongo ibanjiwe njalo ezichongiweyo kumgama km 35 (ngokuba Dogons) 75 km (in isithuba free). Xa, inkqubo yolawulo entsonkothileyo jikelele, kodwa nangona oku, kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Le yezulu?

Amava eVietnam wabonisa ukuba ezinye imijukujelwa ukuba dogfight, ingakumbi yalwa, kunzima. Ukubandezana zokudubula "phantom", amaMelika kwanyanzeleka ukuba zizakhele i izikhongozeli ezizodwa abanqunyanyisiweyo umpu neembumbulu. Grant-armed okukhawulezayo-29 (1500 rounds ngomzuzu) iGroote-301 stock kwamanzi-zipholile ukuba oonokrwece ezilikhulu (30 mm abanjalo).

iipayiloni ezintandathu lwangaphandle zixhonywe ngaphantsi kwamaphiko zenzelwe imijukujelwa. Kuxhomekeka msebenzi, ukuba ifakwe SD (R-73 okanye R-60m). Ngokuhlasela ekujoliswe komhlaba isicelo SD uhlobo X-25M. Ukubeka ezi ndlela kuliwa nokuba umqondiso kamabonwakude okanye umqadi ube mnye laser. Uzimisele engakhokelwa (nar kwiimagazini, ibhombu) lukhutshwe radar. ekujoliswe Marine SD ochaphazelekayo X-29 imijukujelwa anti-inqanawa, okanye uhlobo supersonic X-31A, nto leyo ukuthwala MIG-29. imifuziselo kwezikhali obuphambili imijukujelwa eyakhelwe kwisiyilo inamacandelo nokunqunyanyiswa.

Ziyaqhubeka Iyonke kunye imijukujelwa kuphela ukulwa bomthwalo iitoni ezingama-3 (imodeli isiseko) no-4, 5 iitoni (MIG-29M) of.

TTX MIG-29

Ubungakanani Plane kunye nobunzima kunezixhobo ngaphantsi kancinci owayephila American, eziquka i-F-14 kunye F-15. Swayipa amaphiko interceptor eSoviet leemitha kancinane ngaphezulu kwama-11 (njenge "Tomcat" kwi Cert eliphezulu, yaye "yenaliti" - 13 m). Ubude laliziimitha 17 ecaleni yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi pole-moya (19 nxamnye nganye "baseMerika). MIG-29, nto leyo inobunzima 15 etoni, kulula zombini moya - mhlawumbi bamelene (iitoni malunga elinesibhozo ngamnye). Ikhonkco turbines ezimbini lidlula ukuba iimoto yaseMelika yaye ifikelela 17.600 KN (14,500 y "Tomcat" kwaye kancinane ngaphezulu 13 ezingamawaka. I "yenaliti").

Ummandla elincinane ngokwentelekiso iphiko (38 macala onke. M.) Ngaba tufwile umthwalo omkhulu ethile, kodwa zincitshiswe amandla eliphezulu airframe ngenxa awohluke ilungiselelo ezifunekayo. -Mig speed ifikelela 29 2.3m (2450 km / h), y kumgangatho ngobuwena MIG-29K ungaphantsi thile kwe 2300 km / h. Thelekisa: F-14, yakwazi ukuvelisa 1,88 M (1995 km / h) kunye F-15 - 2 650 km / h. Enye salathisi ebalulekileyo - ubude indlela ngexesha isuka kunye kokwehla. Ukuze sithulwe MIG, akukho moya kobude leemitha 700, kunye afterburner -. Kuphela 260 m uhlala kwiqonga leemitha 600 ubude. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ungayisebenzisa njengendlela moya carrier-based (kunye nenkqubo-elekhtrons intambo), okanye zisebenza ngendlela zokuchopha abalufumani (okanye kumacandelo emendweni, njengoko kwenzekayo ngexesha iimfazwe yesiYugoslav). Malunga efanayo iimpawu razbezhno-Probizhna bobabini zimoto yaseMelika. Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa njenge ukulwa base abathwali moya ukuya eyakhayo enikiweyo, wenza enamavili iphiko console. Grant-29 isantya kokwehla yi 235 km / h, nayo leyo eyalatha yayo 'umphefumlo olwandle. " palubniki yaseMelika efanayo xesha linye.

Practical MIG busebenze ifikelela kwiimitha 17,000 kwaye ithatha kwinqanaba eliphakathi phakathi F-14 kunye F-15.

Umyinge iimpawu ekulweni of Soviet MIG-29, iimpawu yobugcisa kunye nezimo ivumela ukuba singabhengeza ukuba ndiza ngaphaya zonke nucleoside bezinye iintlanga, yaphuhliswa ngexesha elinye njengoko. Ukubanako shwaka screens radar phakathi umoya idabi unika le moto ikhethekileyo. Innovation isicelo nenkqubo yolawulo, lo kushishino lweenqwelo yasekhaya bazisa ukuya kwinqanaba ngokomgangatho entsha. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba MIG-29 kufuneka ibe ebanzi ukulungiswa. Iintlobo ekujoliswe yayo orientation ezahlukeneyo, ezahlukeneyo uluhlu moya, kunye nenjongo eyahlukileyo esebenza ekwinqwelo izixhobo ze-elektroniki, ukususela uqeqesho umlweli Committe ukuba "edesikeni iphaphazela", ekhutshwe phezu zokuhlola. Ababini kubo (MIG-33 kunye mig-35) yahlulwe umgca ezimeleyo imodeli CB kubo. Mikoyan ne Gurevich.

Nge imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo phezu kwamaphiko

Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR fleet kumkhosi bengatshatanga kwaye yahlulwa phakathi republic eSoviet. Abaneengxaki zemali, abaninzi kubo baye baqalisa ukuba bathengise izixhobo zabo okungafunekiyo. Umzekelo, Moldova zilishiye eli United States engamashumi amabini MIG-29 kusetyenziswa. Iindleko moya nganye $ 2 million, nto leyo amaxesha amaninzi ngaphantsi kwexabiso lemarike le. America kule interceptor kwakufuneka sokuphuhlisa amaqhinga ukuba kuliwe BBC ithi ukuba inkonzo. MiGs kwathengiswa kwimimandla ephikisanayo eAfrika, eAsia kunye nezinye iindawo zehlabathi.

amazwe Air-ilungu le-Warsaw Pact wamfaka ne mig-29. Phantse bonke beza ukuba ziyisebenzise i 'iqabane' of Russia ebusweni NATO. pilot German Luftwaffe babeqhele ikakhulu iteknoloji American, zaye umangale ngayo intuthuzelo kunye nolawulo ergonomic - iimpawu uphawu MIG-29 eSoviet karma Ifoto kunye iminqamlezo Maltese (iimpawu Air Force isiJamani), okokuqala yavusa uninitiated Baphela amandla, ngoko oku zonke zisetyenziselwa.

Indiza kwinkonzo kunye kumazwe angaphezu kwama emashumi mabini anantlanu, waza ke ingananwa ngelixa yonke akayi.

Xa ukhetha umxhobisi iimveliso zokhuselo noorhulumente basemzini akhokelwa becala ukulwa iimpawu kunye nengqwalaselo ezopolitiko. Kodwa okungakuncinananga ebalulekileyo inkalo zemali wo yingisela. MIG-29, obiza malunga 70-75 ezigidi zeerandi ngeyunithi nganye, ungenza ngcono ukusombulula imisebenzi ethile ncinci kwezomkhosi ngaphezu kwaleyo nembangi yayo Intambo F-15, apho "ask" amakhulu ezigidi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yethu ingxaki enjalo umahluko udlala ngokucacileyo ezandleni Russian "Oboroneksportu".

MIG ukulwa amava

Logama nje olu khuphiswano, "libonisa inkxaso» ( «Fulcrum», i-ekuthiwa NATO mig-29) kunye American "iinkozi» F-15-mthetho yeengcingane, kwenzeka ukuphikisana ukuba ezinye iinqwelomoya ngcono. I yokuqala impikiswano enkulu yokwenene phakathi koomatshini amabini alwayo kwenzeka isibhakabhaka nePersian Gulf (1991, "Desert Storm" operation). Ulungelane ngempumelelo ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa ngocoselelo namalungiselelo anabileyo, ukugqithisela ulwazi kunye software zohlalutyo kunye noludumileyo oluninzi, ezifana kakuhle wakhanya ngenxa yokuba ngexesha kwimfazwe e-Gulf of moya Allied awaba nako ukuphumelela ubuncinane omnye kuqinisekiswa uloyiso phezu MIG Iraq 29. iimpawu Technical ye pilot interceptor Hussein wadala iimeko nangoloyiso emoyeni, ityala ukubhalwa ekutshatyalalisweni "Isaqhwithi" yaseBritani kumntla-ntshona Iraq (njengako iingxelo engaqinisekiswanga asinguye kuphela enye).

13 MIG-29 yesiYugoslav (bekukho 15 axhobileyo SFRY, kodwa ezimbini ukuya ekuqaleni ndlongo kwaba ukua ngenxa yokumka) ndamelana amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu imikhosi NATO. Kwezinye ngendlela engummangaliso pilot American (njengayo) wehla 24. zabo Enyanisweni, ukuba akunjalo bravura, njengoko ingxelo NATO abaqhubi. iiyunithi abane ATM kwi-moya, omnye interceptor walahleka ngozi. eneneni zintandathu ziseleyo badutyulwa phantsi NATO, ulawulo Alliance, Noko ke, wenza konke okusemandleni alo understate ilahleko zabo. Kuphonononga inombolo kunye nenani labantu merit MiGs kunzima okwangoku.

Bekukho nezinye iimeko yokulwa yengqesho-moya MIG-29, ngombulelo yimiyalezo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, impumelelo kuyilo yokulwa kwesithuthi kugwetywa kuphela amatyala ngxabano "olunyulu" ubuncinane malunga abaqhubi abafanelekayo ngokulinganayo. iziqephu Loo zazimbalwa kwimbali yakutshanje, yaye bonke bathi MIG-29 ibe ubomi obude phambili.