Ukufikelela Ukraine ukuba Russia (1654). Ukuhlangana Ukraine neRashiya: nezizathu

ukufikelela Ukraine ukuba Russia (1654) kwenzeka nxamnye imvelaphi iziganeko entsonkothileyo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko ezinxulumene elitheni Ukraine ukuba ukuzimela-ukuzimela ngakumbi kwaye akuxhomekekanga ngokupheleleyo ku Poland. Ukususela ngo-1648 i inkcaso ijikwe ibe kwisigaba exhobileyo kodwa enoba zingaphi uloyiso okanye Cossacks amanqaku eyayikhokelwa Bohdan Khmelnytsky phezu umkhosi Polish, babengakwazi ukuhlawula uloyiso kwi edabini ibe nezahlulo eziphathekayo yezopolitiko. Kuye kwacaca ukuba kuya kuba ukuba aphume nokunyamekelwa kwezi Commonwealth kunokwenzeka ngaphandle koncedo qinile sizana, ngenxa begazi ka Ukraine zenzeka ne-Russia. Ngokufutshane chaza indlela oonobangela iziganeko zembali.

Ukulingana ne ukuzimela

Kwiminyaka emithandathu semfazwe iimfazwe ezininzi igazi kubantu Ukrainian ntshikilelo olukhulu imikhosi yabo idala amajoni Polish amaxesha amaninzi. Kodwa, ebetha owazisa uvuthuza Rzeczpospolita, Khmelnitsky okwesihlandlo sokuqala akayi kubukrazula Ukraine kude kurhulumente Polish. Wema phezu izikhundla ukuzimela Cossack oko kufunwa kwi Cossacks kunye iindwalutho banamalungelo alinganayo kunye namazwe alinganayo Ukrainian baba phakathi Rzeczpospolita belingana kunye Poland naseLithuania. Ngelo xesha akazange kuthwalelwa phandle malunga Ukuhlangana Ukraine naseRashiya. 1654 awuyitshintshanga le meko.

Mhlawumbi ukuzimela?

Ngelo xesha, ingcamango ukulingana-sikhokelo ukuzimela abambalwa bakholwa. Sele kwiminyaka yokuqala imfazwe Ukraine ePoland, kukho amarhe okuba:

1. Khmelnitsky ufuna ukubuyisela ezinye "Endala" okanye ukudala ubulawuli entsha.
2. Yena ngokwakhe isihloko "inkosana Russia."
3. Cossacks ufuna ukuseka geqe.

Kodwa ke, ngenxa geqe Ukraine iye okwangoku livelise imiqathango eyimfuneko. Abathathi-nxaxheba eziphambili zemfazwe - nokuba Cossacks abangafundanga kunye nabalimi ezifanayo bangafundanga - ayikwazanga ukwenza ideology yayo karhulumente, eqondisa umaleko - amagosa Cossack kunye iindwalutho - akukho ubunzima kwezopolitiko kufanelekile ukuba zazise izicwangciso obuzimele. Ngaphezu koko, nkqu hetman Khmelnitsky waba trust ngoko ethandwayo. Kuphela ebudeni bemfazwe, ngexesha lokusekwa karhulumente Ukrainian Cossack abazinzileyo ngakumbi ngokuqinileyo kwaye ekusasazeni ingcamango geqe.

Union ne Turkey

Okukhona babesilwa, i Khmelnitsky ngakumbi, abadala kunye izihlwele babeqinisekile ukuba kuphela ngokwabo ngaphandle koncedo Ukraine akakwazi ukuzikhulula ngokwakhe ukusuka emandleni iindwalutho Polish. abamelwane enamandla Abaxhobele alwe Commonwealth, kukho ezimbini kuphela: urhulumente Russian empumalanga kunye Ottoman emzantsi. Kwakukho ukhetho encinane Khmelnytsky; nokuba Ukraine ukuba ukungena yaseRussia, okanye ukuqondwa wokukhonza eTurkey.

Ekuqaleni, ndasukuzana ngenxa indima Ukraine yaba umxhasi umbusi Turkish, owaba amandla aneleyo ukuba sixhathise ezi nokungena ePoland e Ukraine. Phakathi Khmelnytsky kunye urhulumente Sultan aba thethwano ezichaphazelekayo. Ngowe-1651 nasePorte lowu elifumana Zaporozhian Umamkeli nje akhonze. Enyanisweni uncedo ngokwenene umbusi Turkish eyanele kuphela kwabo inxaxheba kule mpi iCrimea AmaTatar, Cossacks kwiinkulungwane alwayo nawo. Bona babehlangene ukungathembeki kakhulu kunye nokuziphatha kwabo okhohlisayo, iphanga kwaye ukhokela labemi ekuthinjweni kuzisa iingxaki ngaphezu iingenelo Ukraine.

Wenziwa Russia

Umfela ndawonye we Ottoman enyanisweni zange zenzeka. Akuzange kube nkqu i uncedo zomkhosi zemali buthathaka ku Sultan, nokungasebenzisani engqondweni. Umahluko phakathi Orthodox amaSilamsi, lowo abantu ebizwa ngokuba "amaRoma", yaba gqithi. Kulo meko, iliso Bogdana Hmelnitskogo kunye yabantu Ukraine abhenela amakholwa - imikhosi yaseRashiya.

Juni 8, 1648, iminyaka emithandathu esiphambi ukulawula ka Ukraine ku Russia (1654), melly Khmelnitsky wabhala ileta yokuqala uncedo ukuya nguzwilakhe Russian Alexei Mikhailovich. Ekuqaleni, eRussia Musa ukungxama ukuzibandakanya ngokupheleleyo imfazwe ubukumkani eyomeleleyo Polish-Lithuanian. Kodwa inkokeli Ukraine iminyaka emithandathu ukuya inkosi ikholwe ukuba ukunceda, ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa karhulumente Russian kwi imfazwe nxamnye iindwalutho Polish. Khmelnitsky phambi yoosaziwayo eMoscow wagxininisa ukubaluleka ukusebenza kunye ikhusela efanayo yabantu emaqandeni wokholo Orthodox, uloyiso zabo achithwa lweengcinga lukhulu malunga amandla Commonwealth, waphawula iinzuzo olukhulu, oluya kuba Ukuhlangana Ukraine naseRashiya. 1654 lubonise kusengaphambili kunye nokufaneleka Khmelnitsky.

isikhundla okhulelwe Russian

EMoscow waqonda ukubaluleka umanyene Ukraine:

1. nembumba yobuchule, kuqala kwiinto zonke, wavula indlela eya ezantsi kuLwandle Olumnyama ukuya ngasentshona.
2. Wanciphisa Poland.
3. Ukutshabalalisa umfelandawonye kunokwenzeka Zaporozhye Sech ne Turkey.
4. Ukomelezwa zikarhulumente Ukuvuma phantsi kwebhanile Russian yayingamakhulu amathathu amawaka umkhosi Cossack.

Noko ke, kangangexesha elide ngenxa iimeko zangaphakathi nangaphandle entsonkothileyo, kwaye zisekelwe phezu buthathaka omabini alwayo - Poland kunye Ukraine - urhulumente tsarist wathabatha kunoko ubone sengqondo. Luncedo umda ukuthumela Ukraine yesonka kunye netyuwa, isigqibo ukususa Ukraine esesiphelweni zehlabathi, nonozakuzaku exchange.

indlela rapprochement

Unxulumano phakathi Bogdanom Hmelnitskim kunye norhulumente Russian weza ebomini kule minyaka 1652-1653, kule minyaka yokugqibela imfazwe wenkululeko. Phantse gqolo baphila Embassy of Ukraine eMoscow ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Ukraine. NgoJanuwari 1652 Khmelnitsky wathumela kwikomkhulu Russian umthunywa wakhe Ivan Iskra. Yathetheka ke in laseMelika ukuze wathi Hetman yaye wonke umkhosi Zaporozhye unqwenela "Bayethe abasa ecaleni kwakhe."

NgoDisemba 1652 noJanuwari 1653 e Moscow, yabamba iintetho Samoilo Zarudny abadlali. Zarudny Wathi kukumkani: "wayalela ukwamkelwa kwabo ngesandla esiphakamileyo lobunganga wabo". NgoJanuwari 6, 1653 Khmelnitsky Chigirin rada wabiza abadala, abo wagqiba ekubeni abeke kunye ePoland, uze uqhubeke ukuze zilwe kuze kuthi ekungeneni Ukraine eRashiya.

Ngo-Apreli-Meyi iintetho 1653 eMoscow abathunywa Kondratiy Burlyay noSilvano Muzhilovsky. Urhulumente tsarist kwakhona wathumela abathunywa Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, ingakumbi ekupheleni kuka May 1653rd wemka Chyhyryn Matveev kunye Fomin.

1654: Ukraine-Russia - ndawonye ngonaphakade

Kama of imeko Ukraine yanyanzela urhulumente tsarist ukukhawulezisa izigqibo ezizizo. June 22, 1653 e-Ukraine ukusuka njengegosa eMoscow waya Fedor Ladyzhenskii incwadi evela Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, elo wabelithiyiwe imvume kukhutshelo komhlaba Ukraine phantsi "kwesandla aphakamileyo asebukhosini."

October 1, 1653 eMoscow, wadibana Zemsky Sobor, eyenzelwe ukusombulula ngenqindi phantsi umba ubudlelwane phakathi eRashiya Ukraine, Onokuyivakalisa imfazwe kwi-Commonwealth. I amaninzi Chamber of the yesicelo isigqibo "Army of Zaporozhye kunye Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo kunye mazwe kunye nezixeko ukuba amkele phantsi kwesandla geqe." Ngoko ke wenza imbali. Begazi le Ukraine ne-Russia kwavunywa nje ukumkani nawo onke amacandelo oluntu (ngaphandle ngamakhoboka abangazange angenalo ilungelo lokuvota), ogama Abameli bahlanganisene kwi yecawa. Ngaxeshanye, Zemsky Sobor wagqiba ukuqala i imfazwe Poland.

Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukulawula sokugqibela Ukraine eRashiya. 1654 Kwadlula iintlanganiso eziliqela phambi kokuba iimeko entry zokugqibela ziye basebenza ngaphandle. Russia yaba ingqalelo ebalulekileyo Ukraine njengelizwe simahla ezizimeleyo. Oku kwenzeka isigqibo seBhunga yePhondo utsho njalo, "ukuba babengayi ukukhulula uhlanga kwi Turkish Sultan kunye iCrimea khan, ngokuba bebeyinto isifungo yasebukhosini abantu."

Ukungena yesivumelwano

January 31, 1653 yaseRussia Embassy ifika busengozini Khmelnitsky - umzi Pereyaslav - incwadi malunga isigqibo Zemsky Sobor kunye 'umyalelo kakhulu. " Embassy, ephethwe V. Buturlin waye ngokunzulu ndibulisa kwiintloko kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo.

NgoJanuwari 6, 1654 ngo Pereyaslav melly Hmelnitsky wafika kwaye ngemini elandelayo wadibana izigidimi, ukuze kuxoxwe iimeko Union. 8 Januwari, emva thethwano ngokufihlakeleyo kunye namadoda amakhulu iimeko ukulawula abantu, melly Khmelnitsky waya ebantwini yaye yaqinisekisa ukulawula ka Ukraine eRashiya. 1654 waba unyaka wenguquko kwi bayahlelwa zizwe zibini.

Ukrainian Embassy uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo esoloko eMoscow ukuya kuxoxa ngeenkcukacha zesi yokungena ngokuzithandela Ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine phantsi Protectorate yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Ukraine History weveki: begazi ne-Russia

• 1591-1593 gg. - ebhalisiwe Cossacks ukuvukela zasebukhosini Polish kunye reference yokuqala Hetman Krishtofa Kosinskogo uncedo kwi-Russian Tsar.
• 1622, 1624 kaThixo. - Bishop Isaiya Kopinskogo isibheno, ngoko Metropolitan Iova Boretskogo kukumkani ukwamkela Orthodox Little eRussia ubumi Russian.
• 1648 - Bohdan Khmelnytsky uphakamisa mvukelo zonke-Ukrainian nxamnye wabanumzana,-8 Juni wabhala ileta eya uncedo Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich kunye ubuhlobo kuqala. Uloyiso lokuqala imikhosi Cossack yokusayina Zborowski uxolo sivumelwano unika ukuzimela Zaporizhia Army.
• 1651 - omisa impi, bazoyise enzima Cossacks Berestechko.
• 1653 - A onyango Bogdana Hmelnitskogo ukuya baseRashiya ukunceda Cossacks kunye isicelo ukwenziwa yasekhohlo-Bank Ukraine in ngummi. October 1 wadibana Zemsky Sobor.
• 1654 - January 8 wadibana Pereyaslavskaya Ndiyavuya esidlangalaleni wagqiba idibane eRashiya. Matshi 27 Zemsky Sobor nokumkani wadibana uninzi izicelo ethunyelwe abadala Hetman libonelela okuzimela ebanzi. Olu xwebhu iye ekugqibeleni balinqabisa ngokuhlanganisa ka-bank ekhohlo Ukraine ne-Russia.