Makhe MS-21, lo airliner entsha Russian

Bambalwa ngoku uyazi ukuba igama elithi "moya" waqamba le mbongi Futurist Vasily Kamensky. Ukuba akunjalo ngaye, ngoku wenza zeehambo ngomoya, njengabanye bonke abemi umhlaba, xa moya, kwangaxeshanye, baye kudala ezinxulumene nathi with "Nieuport" yaye "Farman" ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngoku lixesha lokuba ukukhumbula ukuba iRussia kufuneka ibe yakhe yonke, namazwi kunye nezenzo. Ezithwala ethwala, kakhulu. June 8, kwakukho intetho-moya entsha abakhweli Russian MS-21. E Irkutsk, iNkulumbuso wafika ukuba sihlandlo.

isibhakabhaka Russian izolo nanamhlanje

moya eSoviet abangekho (singasathethi emkhosini) akukho ndlela ngaphantsi betye Western, njengoko oko kungqinwa isabelo sawo ebonakalayo imarike Aviation zehlabathi. Isenokuba ngakumbi xa iimeko kwezopolitiko. Noko ke, ukususela koku kwaye ngoku akakwazi ukubaleka, kwaye Umngeni ekujongenwe nawo kukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zombane zasekhaya, ubuncinane, moya Russian kunye amanye amazwe. Ngelo xesha langoku esibhakabhakeni kaninzi ungabona i "iBoeing", "Airbus", "Fokker" okanye nayiphi Canadian "zibubone" kunokuba umatshini yoyilo Tupolev kunye bureau Ilyushin. Kakade ke, ukuba indlela nganye ziyafuneka moya lohlobo lwalo, ubude kunye umkhweli zendlela, ngokulandelelana, kodwa MC-21 ethandwa kakhulu kulo lonke ihlabathi, zinendawo medium-ethwala, ngokubonelela amazwe phantse yonke kuphuhliswa umkhweli flow engundoqo. Kwakhona, le hlobo ngokufanelekileyo zothutho zokuguqulwa. Nguye, mhlawumbi, kuya kufuneka ukuba ucinizele abenzi angaphandle kurhwebo lwasekhaya (hayi kuphela).

Iinkcukacha nesigqibo seengcinga

Ngaphandle iindleko eziphezulu ngenxa ezihamba ezibalaseleyo kunye nesicelo ubuchwepheshe bale mihla, kuquka izixhobo science, airliner ihambelana MS-21 ukuya iintsingiselo yangoku engundoqo kunye elizayo kwi kushishino lweenqwelo jikelele. Kuyinto olukwazi uthutha ngesantya esiphezulu subsonic, lwakhiwe ngokumalunga lenkqubo wezinto oluphantsi-monoplane kunye iphiko itshayelwe, iinjini ezimbini, lanqunyanyiswa iipayiloni. Le fuselage unalo icandelo elijekelezayo emnqamlezweni, nomsila nayo wesiNtu. Ingaphandle-moya akukho nto olululo, ukuma iyafana naleyo isetyenziswa ziinkampani ezininzi ngaphambili. Machine ukuphakama - 11.5 m, ubude 42,3 m, uluhlu lobuninzi non-stop moya - 5,9-6 amawaka Km.. ngokuxhomekeke ukuguqulwa

kokulungiswa

Nangona line inika imizekelo iintlobo ezimbini kuphela. MS-21-200 moya ihlala abakhweli 135 ukuya 176, isigqibo sokugqibela malunga nokubekwa izitulo ziya kwamkelwa liSebe ngumthengi, ngokuxhomekeke salon ezikhethwa klassnosti, lwahlulwe lwaba "ishishini" ummandla kunye "uqoqosho". Xa nawuphi na umcimbi, intuthuzelo enikiweyo yamkelekile. MS-21-300 Uguqulelo kancinane ngaphandle ngakumbi ezahlukeneyo mbini fuselage fit abantu 163 ukuya 221 kuyo. Ngako oko, i-non-stop flight ubude neekhilomitha bakhe, bengamakhulu enye ngaphantsi. Zonke izihlalo ezitofotofo kakhulu, yaye ukongezelela ngasemva enyusiweyo iziko zokuzonwabisa ngoku lo eqhelekileyo. Ukulungiswa kwakhona avionics ezahlukeneyo, navigation kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Developers kunye nabenzi

Le airliner bayilwa e NPK "Irkut" ngentsebenziswano ne-Bureau igama. Yakovlev, yeyesibini kwimbali projekthi entsha Russian (emva Tu-204), iphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo ngo-1991 ngokusekelwe kwi ezizodwa yokuqala ngenkulungwane xxi. Ngokuphathelele kwisiseko semveliso, ibe yimveliso intsebenziswano tight. Ngoko, kwi Ulyanovsk isityalo moya emva ukuphehlelelwa kothotho liya kuba ngaphakathi endlwaneni, kokugqiba nokupeyinta oomatshini yaphunyezwa zisiwe ngqo ngumthengi. Kwi-mveliso "Aviastar" uceba ukukhulula iipanele khazi le fuselage, kunye nemisebenzi ibandla. Ngokubanzi, umjikelo inxaxheba Ltd. "Vaso", JSC "AeroComposite" SRC Kadir "Technology", JSC "Rusaviainterer" kunye nezinye iinkampani shishino.

izicwangciso production

I yokuqala ikopi Umatshini, roll-out leyo sele luye lwaqhutywa, kwenziwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-Irkutsk Aviation Plant. I-moya yokuqala icetyelwe ukuba ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka, imveliso ngobuninzi iya kuqala kwi elilandelayo, kwaye ke uya kuqalisa izibonelelo kubathengi. Kwi isiqinisekiso umongameli ombutho "Irkut" Oleg Demchenko, ukhuphiswano MS-21 ayikho eyoyikekayo, oko ineendlela ezininzi ezahlukileyo, zombini yobugcisa kunye nexabiso. Ii-odolo ngokuba nqwelo-moya, xa iikopi 175 (njengoko kwezinye data sele kwi 186), baye sele zaavansirovany, kwaye ngo-2020 kwesicwangciso iya kwenza iikopi ezingama-40 ngonyaka. umatshini Innovative kwatsala ingqalelo-moya ezininzi, kuquka, Kakade ke, "Aeroflot".

indawo ehlala umqhubi wenqwelo-moya

Moya lwenziwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kusetyenziswa imiboniso zokusebenza, ukubonelela ifuthe "iindonga ezibonisa ngaphaya", kunye asekunene zenze ulawulo wire. Eli qela iqulathe ezimbini, nabaqhubi lokuqala nolo lukwizinga lesibini, ngaphandle, Kakade ke, abalindi-moya, nto leyo iphucula ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho. Ukuba nokwenzeka kwezixhobo yokukhangela ziphezulu kakhulu, uninzi inkqubo sezixhobo eRashiya.

iinjini

Ekuqaleni airframe yenzelwe kunye amathuba iinjini epheleleyo basafunda kweendidi ezimbini, i-American "Pratt kunye Whitney» PW1000G okanye lwasekhaya PD-14 yenziwa yi JSC "Aircraft Engine", apho lindanda sigqityiwe ngeli xesha. motor Russian kufuneka anike loo ukusebenza ukuba le ngokwayo iya ukufikelela ushishino moya lowo. Yeyona sisiqalo kwimveliso lonke uluhlu units amandla, ilandelwe kukusetyenziswa enye moya, kuquka "Superjet-100" Sukhoi na izikhwebu okwangoku Russian-French PowerJet SaM146. Ekuqaleni kwasekwa iinjini yaseMelika. indlela Universal kuphucula iimeko ukhuphiswano lwe-moya MS-21.

Ukhuphiswano kunye nezibonelelo

Ke kaloku, eyona nto iphambili, ezizezi izinto kuvumela abaphathi ukuba ukubonisa themba "Irkut" kwimbono elikufutshane zembali. Ukhuphiswano emarikeni yemveliso yezokubhabha ngoku phezulu, nokuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukukhula kwamanani kulindelekileyo kabili eminyaka ezayo, ingxenye-moya ilayini enye kunye yokuhlala umthamo abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu. uphuhliso Its axhasa zibubone (C series), Airbus, iBoeing, nkqu ngokuqinileyo Chinese "Komaki" nangona China akazange ziqwalaselwe esa amandla moya. Ukongezelela, "Irkut", ekubonakala, ngasekupheleni encinane ubutsha balo, sivumele minyaka okhuphisana embalwa ukufumana iincwadi umyalelo.

Ukukhokelela ukuba kwiimarike zehlabathi "Superjet" icala Russian yenze uthotho iimpazamo, kwaye ngoku lixesha lokuba ukuhlalutya kakuhle nabo, ukuze baphinde. Ngoko ke, okokuqala zonke ixabiso, kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe $ 30 mln., Yeyiphi ingqamana kwinqanaba yanamhlanje ubuncinane. Le yoko kwenziwa ngenxa yokuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha amacandelo eyenziweyo eRashiya. Okwesibini, ngokuchaseneyo kumatyala bangaphumelelanga yangaphambili iza kusekwa kwenkqubo yabaqhubi zenkxaso emva-intengiso zobugcisa. Okwesithathu, ulondolozo kunye amafutha buxabise umthengi okanye umqeshi ukuba angaqeshisa ngaloo amalungelo ubuncinane 15% zitshiphu ngakumbi kwimeko kunye nabanye abanikezi. Ukongeza, inkqubo yenkxaso-mali ngokwayo iya ehlaziyiweyo iya kutsala kwiibhanki zorhwebo. Konke oku kuvumela ukuba ukubala kwimpumelelo moya omtsha Russian nje kuphela ekhaya kodwa kwiimarike zangaphandle. Kuphela unqwenela MS-21 isibhakabhaka ecacileyo, kulotywe ezintle ezithambileyo kunye nalapho.