Solzhenitsyn, "Ngenye imini kaIvan Denisovich." Uhlalutyo, isishwankathelo, abalinganiswa abakhulu

Ibali likaSolzhenitsyn "Ngenye imini ka-Ivan Denisovich" yenziwa ngo-1959. Umbhali wabhala ngexesha lokuphuka phakathi komsebenzi kwincwadi "Kwi-Circle yokuqala". Kwiintsuku ezingama-40, uSolzhenitsyn wadala "Ngenye imini kaIvan Denisovich." Uhlalutyo lo msebenzi luxhomekeke kule nqaku.

Umxholo womsebenzi

Umfundi wencwadana wazizibonela ebomini kwindawo yokuhlala yaseRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo womsebenzi kwiinkampu ubomi awuncitshiswa. Ukongezelela kwiinkcukacha zokusinda kwindawo leyo, "Ngenye imini ..." iqulethe iinkcukacha zobomi kwidolophana, echazwe kwi-prism ye-hero's consciousness. Kwimbali kaTyurin, umongameli, bubungqina bemiba evezwe ngokubambisana kweli lizwe. Kwiingxabano ezahlukahlukeneyo phakathi kweenkampu ze-intelligentsia, iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa baseSoviet zixoxwa ngazo (i-premiere premiere yeY. Zavadsky, ifilimu ethi "John the Terrible" nguS. Eisenstein). Ngokubhekisele kwixesha eliza kubahlali bakaShukhov ekampini, kukho iinkcukacha ezininzi zomlando wexesha lamaSoviet.

Umxholo weRashiya yeyona nto ingumxholo oyintloko womsebenzi walo mbhali njengoSolzhenitsyn. "Ngenye imini ka-Ivan Denisovich," uhlalutyo esilunomdla kuyo, alukho. Kuyo, iingingqi zendawo, ezizimeleyo zibhalwe ngokusemthethweni kule ngxaki eqhelekileyo. Kule ntetho, umxholo wexesha lokubugcisa kwiphondo kunye neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zibonisa. Ngoko ke, abaculi beenkampu babhale imifanekiso ekhululekile kubaphathi babo. Ubugcisa bobukhosi baseSoviet, ngokweSolzhenitsyn, buba yinxalenye yezixhobo eziqhelekileyo zokucinezelwa. Isiqendu sezinto zikaShukhov ekubonakalisweni kweefayili "zeempawu" zengcali zengingqi zixhasa isisiseko sokuhlaziywa kobugcisa.

Isalathiso sebali

Isiganeko ibali lebali, eyadalwa nguSolzhenitsyn ("Ngenye imini ka-Ivan Denisovich"). Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba nangona ibali lenziwa ngamaganeko ahlala olunye usuku olulodwa, i-pre-camp biography ye-protagonist inikwe imemori yakhe. U-Ivan Shukhov wazalelwa ngo-1911. Wachitha iminyaka yakhe yangaphambi kwemfazwe kwidolophana yaseTengenevo. Kwintsapho yakhe kukho iintombi ezimbini (yedwa unyana ofa ekuqaleni). I-Shukhov kwimfazwe ivela kwiintsuku zokuqala. Waxhatshazwa, wabuyiswa entolongweni, apho wayekwazi ukuphuma khona. Ngomnyaka we-1943, uShukhov wagwetywa ngokuba "nokugwenxa" kwimeko efunyenweyo. Wayekhonza iminyaka engama-8 ngelixesha lezenzo zesenzo. Umsebenzi wenziwa eKazakhstan, kwikampu yokugweba. Ngenye yeentsuku zikaJanuwari ngo-1951 wachaza uSolzhenitsyn ("Ngenye imini kaIvan Denisovich").

Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yomntu womsebenzi

Nangona ininzi yabalinganiswa iboniswa ngumlobi kwifom laconi, uSolzhenitsyn wakwazi ukuphumeza ukubonakalisa iplastiki ekuboniseni kwabo. Sibona ukuhlukahluka kobuntu, ubuncwane beentlobo zabantu emsebenzini "Ngenye imini kaIvan Denisovich." Abalinganiswa bebali balinganiswa, kodwa bahlala kwimemori yomfundi ixesha elide. Ngamanye amaxesha umbhali ngokwaneleyo kulo mnye kuphela okanye ezimbini iziqwenga, iingubo ezicacileyo. I-Solzhenitsyn (ifoto yombhali iboniswe ngezantsi) iyanqabile kwi-national, professional and classic specificity of the character of the person he created.

Ubudlelwane phakathi koonobumba buncibilike kwiinkampu eziphezulu zenkampu ekusebenzeni "Ngenye imini ka-Ivan Denisovich." Isishwankathelo esifutshane sobomi bentolongo, esetyenziswe ngolunye usuku, senza ukuba sikwazi ukugqiba ukuba kukho iphosa elingenakunqandeka phakathi kokulawulwa kweenkampu kunye namabanjwa. Okuphawulekayo kukungabikho kule ncwadana yamagama, ngamanye amaxesha amagama abalindi nabaveleli abaninzi. Ubuntu balaba bantu balubonakaliswa kuphela kwiindlela zobundlobongela, kunye nakwizinga lokugqithisa. Ngokuchasene noko, nangona inkqubo yeenombolo ezixhamlileyo, abaninzi beenkampu zengqondo yeqhawe zikhona ngamagama, ngamanye amaxesha zichongiwe. Oku kubonisa ukuba bahlala bebodwa. Nangona obu bungqina abusebenzi kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-informers, i-assholes kunye nama-wicks, achazwe kumsebenzi othi "Ngenye imini ka-Ivan Denisovich." La maqhawe ayenawo amagama. Ngokubanzi, iingxoxo zeSolzhenitsyn malunga nendlela le nkqubo engaphumeleli ngayo ukuzama ukuguqula abantu kwiinkcukacha zomshini wokuqhaqha. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngakumbi kule nkalo, ngaphezu kwe-protagonist, imifanekiso kaTyurin (umphathi-mbongi), uPavlo (uncedisayo), uBuvskaya (umbhali-mbhali), uMbhaptizi u-Alyoshka kunye ne-Lett yaseLilgas.

I-protagonist

Ngomsebenzi othi "Usuku olulodwa lwe-Ivan Denisovich" umfanekiso womntu oyintloko uphawuleka kakhulu. USolzhenitsyn wabenza waba ngumlimi oqhelekileyo, umlimi waseRussia. Nangona iimeko zobomi beenkampu ziyaziwa "ziyingqayizivele", umbhali kwiqhawe lakhe ngokunyanisekileyo ugxininisa ukungabikho kokugxininisa kwangaphandle, "ngokuqhelekileyo" kokuziphatha. Ngokutsho kweSolzhenitsyn, ukuphela kwelizwe kuxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga kunye nesimo sendalo somntu oqhelekileyo. E-Shukhov, into ephambili iyisithunzi esingenakunqwenelekayo ngaphakathi. U-Ivan Denisovich, nangona ekhonza kakhulu abafundi bakhe, i-solagernikov, i-old age habits are changing and does not drop.

Kubaluleke kakhulu kwenkcazo yeli qhawe yikhono lakhe lokusebenza: uShukhov wakwazi ukufumana ithambo lakhe elifanelekileyo; Ukuthulula iipuni emva koko, uyazifihla iingcingo ze- aluminium; Wawubumba umgca we-folding waza wawufihla ngobuchule. Eyona nto ingabalulekanga kwiinkcukacha zokuqala zokuba khona kweli qhawe, indlela yakhe yokubamba, ukuziphatha okukhethileyo kwimihla ngemihla, yonke into ebonakalayo kumxholo webali ibona ixabiso lexabiso elivumela ukuba lisinde kwiimeko zomntu ezinzima kumntu. U-Shukhov, umzekelo, uvuka rhoqo kwiiyure ezili-1.5 ngaphambi kokuqhawula umtshato. Ungowakhe kule mizuzu yokusa. Kubalulekile ukuba iqhawe eli lixesha lenkululeko nakwimeko yokuba unokufumana imali eyongezelelweyo.

Amacandelo "eCinematographic"

Ngolunye usuku uqulethe kulo msebenzi umgca wempembelelo yomntu, udibanise ebomini bakhe. Omnye akanakunceda ukuphawula iqondo eliphezulu leenkcukacha: yonke into echazwe kwimbali iyahlukana ibe ngamacandelo amancinci, apho inxalenye enkulu inikelwa khona. Umbhali usebenzisa "i-cinematic" ubuchule bokubumba. Uyabona ngokucophelela, ngokujonga ngokugqithisileyo ukuba, ngaphambi kokuba ashiye iinqanawa, iqhawe lakhe ligqoka okanye lidla kwi-skeleton intlanzi encinci ibanjwe kwisobho. "Isakhelo" esahlukileyo sinikezelwa kwibali, kwaneenkcukacha ezibonakalayo ezingabalulekanga, njengeentlanzi ezithongayo kwisitya. Kule nto uya kuqiniseka, emva kokufunda umsebenzi "Usuku olulodwa lwe-Ivan Denisovich." Okubhalwe kwizahluko zeli bali, ngokufunda ngokucophelela, sivumele ukuba sifumane imizekelo eninzi.

Igama elithi "ixesha"

Kubalulekile ukuba kwisicatshulwa somsebenzi omnye nomnye sifinyelele, ngamanye amaxesha sibe ngokuchanekileyo, okokuthi "imini" kunye "nobomi." Ukudibanisa okunjalo kuzaliswa ngumlobi ngegama elithi "ixeshana", yonke into elandelwayo. Ixesha - eli lihlwayo, lilinganiselwe kwintolongo, kwaye kwangelo xesha i-routine yangaphakathi yobomi entolongweni. Ukongezelela, okubaluleke kakhulu, yintetho yesiganeko sokugqibela komntu kunye nesikhumbuzo sokugqibela, ixesha elibaluleke kakhulu lobomi bakhe. Ukutyunjwa kwexeshana ngaloo ndlela kuzuza umbala obunzulu wokuziphatha kunye nengqondo kumsebenzi.

Indawo yesenzo

Indawo yesenzo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Indawo yenkampu, ngokukhethekileyo indawo ezivulekileyo zommandla, iyabutha kakhulu kubanjwa. Iintolongo zikhawuleza ukuwela ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka phakathi kwamagumbi. Bayesaba ukuba babanjwe kule ndawo, khawuleza badibanise phantsi kokhuselo lwe-barrack. Ngokuphambene nabathandi bemida kunye nobubanzi kwiibhoso zincwadi zaseRashiya, iShukhov kunye nezinye iimbophu zeembopheleleko zobungqina bendawo yokukhusela. Kubo, i-barrack ihlala ekhaya.

Yintoni enye imini kaIvan Denisovich?

Impawu yelinye ilanga elichithwe yiShukhov linikezelwa ngqo ngumlobi emsebenzini. USolzhenitsyn wabonisa ukuba lo mhla ebomini bomdlali oyintloko wenza ukuba uphumelele. Ukuphikisana ngaye, umbhali uthi iqhawe alizange lifakwe kwisilathiso sesigwebo, akazange akhutshwe ngaphandle kwesigqeba nguSotsgorodok, wayenamathela kwiphulogi isidlo sasemini, umphathi wavala umdla. U-Shukhov wabeka udonga ngokuthokoza, akazange awele kwi-shmone ene-hacksaw, ngokuhlwa wathelela uKhesari waza wathenga isitya. Umntu oyintloko akayi kugula. Akudluli nantoni evulelwe ngumhla, "ndonwabile." Oku kusemsebenzini "Usuku olulodwa lwe-Ivan Denisovich" isishwankathelo seziganeko zakhe eziphambili. Amazwi omlo wokugqibela azwile ngokulinganayo. Uthi loo ntsuku yayisexesha lika-Shukhov 3653 - 3 iintsuku ezongezelelweyo zongezwa ngenxa yokunyuka kweminyaka.

I-Solzhenitsyn igweba ukubonisa imvakalelo kunye namazwi amakhulu: kwanele ukuba umfundi abe neemvakalelo ezifanelekileyo. Kwaye oku kuqinisekisiwe ngesakhiwo esivumelanayo nebali malunga namandla omntu kunye namandla okuphila.

Isiphelo

Ngaloo ndlela, kumsebenzi othi "Ngolunye Usuku luka-Ivan Denisovich" iingxaki zafakwa kwiingqungquthela zelo xesha. I-Solzhenitsyn iphinda iphinde ibuke iimpawu eziphambili zexesha xa abantu bebethelelwe ukunyanzeliswa okungaqhelekanga kunye neentlungu. Imbali yale ngxaki ayifuni ngo-1937, ibonakaliswe ukuphulwa kokuqala kwemimiselo yenkampani kunye nobomi bombuso, kodwa kuninzi ngaphambili, ukususela ekuqaleni kokukhokelwa kweRashiya yolawulo lwe-totalistarianism. Ngoko ke, emsebenzini, kukho i-clot yeziganeko zabantu abaninzi baseSoviet abaphoqelelwe ukuba bahlawule ngeminyaka yokuhlushwa, ukuthotywa, kunye neenkampu ngenkonzo ethembekileyo nenyanisekileyo. Umbhali webali elithi "Usuku oluBomi ku-Ivan Denisovich" luphakamisa ezi ngxaki ukuze umfundi aqikelele ngokubaluleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuluntu kwaye azenzele izigqibo. Umbhali akahambisani, akabizi into ethile, uchaza kuphela into ekhoyo. Umsebenzi ovela kulo kuphela kuphela.