"Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha": isishwankathelo. "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha," Solzhenitsyn

Siye kwimbali imisebenzi uncwadi Soviet, epapashwe ukuba ukujikeleza abaninzi, waza ngesiquphe babe ndlela aluvumelekanga. Kuqala bahlehla elayibrari, uze uqalise ukuzingelwa iikopi sele ishicilelwe. Emva koko waba ingozi ukuba ikopi ebhalwe ngomshini (phindana kuthetha ukukhanya copiers ngoko phantse ibingeyiyo, kwaye nezityalo ezikhoyo ukuba igcinwe phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo). Ekugqibeleni, ingozi enkulu nkqu nabo ukufunda ibali elinye okanye inoveli, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo ngamazwi ukuzama ngomlomo ukuchaza ubuncinane isishwankathelo zabo. "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha" - omnye loo misebenzi.

design

Ngowe-1951, Alexander Solzhenitsyn sele izimele ingcamango ezinobuchule ibali, emva kokufunda koko, abantu eSoviet Union wayeza kukwazi ukugweba iimeko kunye neenkcukacha ubomi amabanjwa-amabanjwa. Kwaba kumantla Kazakhstan, apho Nobel Peace Prize elizayo ndandikhonza isigwebo. Ukususela ngonyezi (ukunyuka elenziwa into ezintlanu kusasa) kunye usixhome umlinganiswa ophambili babephila yonke ubomi ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yeengxaki, ngokubulaleka, umngcipheko kwakunye nobunzima. Oku, enyanisweni, isicwangciso umsebenzi kunye nesishwankathelo wayo. "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha" ichaza umsebenzi ngemihla umntu omnye ukusuka multi-sigidi se dollar "umkhosi labour", yakha amandla ezoqoqosho umbuso eSoviet. Ezi "ilahla" wadala isabelo esikhulu kwimveliso yasekhaya eSoviet Union kwi elingana ongenamandla yaye uthotyiwe nabalimi belizwe, ngokubaphanga abahambi yaye lisoloko lilambile. Malunga Abalimi kweli bali Sixoxa umlinganiswa ophambili ngokungazi ezibuza umnqweno ebuya amagqala emfazwe ukuphepha isiphelo buhlungu wekhoboka kwaye isicelo nawuphi na umsebenzi kude elalini yakhe, kungakuhle esixekweni. Noko ke, izinto ezenzeka amabanjwa ubomi gqa ngaphezu kwabo basebenzi ezizezona yefama nemibutho. Eli bali elalikhona kuphela ekuyileni umbhali, kwiphepha kwakhe ubunzima kamva e Ryazan, apho ezingenamntu A. I. Solzhenitsyn wahlala 1957.

Akumangalisi ke iintsuku ezisithoba '

Ngowe-1959, i-eSoviet Union lwa nje kuphela impiriyali ehlabathini, kodwa kunye yokutyiwa ukuzikhethela, kwiStalinism, kunye nezinye "isms 'ukuba abayithintelayo intshukumo phambili ukwenzela ikamva eliqaqambileyo. Kwenzeka ukuba ibali eyabhalwa owayesakuba ibanjwa wabelwa ukuba uncwadi, ibekwe ngelo xesha, ngokubhekiselele mihla, kwi "trend" okanye "esiqhelekileyo". Akazange acinge umbhali njengendlela ukufikelela udumo okanye impumelelo, kodwa kule meko yaba amathamsanqa elula elungileyo. Intloko iqela urhulumente N. S. Hruschev kwintetho yakhe XXII Congress of the CPSU Bayikhanda izikhonkwane lokugqibela ibhokisi esicikweni kwiStalinism (ubuncinane yena ucinga njalo), mna ukulungele ukuthwala umzimba senkokeli owayesakuba Umakhi. Kwaba ngoko ukuba umbhali nobuganga ntetho ngomsebenzi wakhe kwinkundla Anna Samoylovna Berzer, neprowuzi umhleli isebe eli phephancwadi ezithandwayo "Yehlabathi Elitsha". Yena wahamba naye wesandla umhleli oyintloko Tvardovsky wamwisela isishwankathelo sebali "One Day kwi Ivana Denisovicha", ukutshintsha igama umbhali kwi Ryazan. Ithagethi ushaya kwaba, kwabonakala, ngokupheleleyo, kodwa umngcipheko nangoku ngaphandle.

Indlela kunzima ngqangi

Xa uqala kuqala, imveliso phathiso ngokupheleleyo kunye Party umgca, kumenyezwa phezu XX, xxi kunye XXII Congress, wasigweba i "ukuzinkcinkca". Ngowe-1961, kwaba kusefashonini amemezele Stalin, kodwa kufuneka 'sihlale up imbonakalo kuzo zonke mabi kwawo. " A. Twardowski, ngokwakhe, ukuba umninindlu ebuhlanti, badumisa umgangatho bezobugcisa ibali waza wayinika amanqaku aphezulu, uze emva koko wanika ngqangi ngayo abantu bakhe evenkileni, wanikela isishwankathelo lokuqala. "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha" funda Ehrenburg, Marshak, Paustovsky, Fedin kunye Chukovsky, ngubani wabonisa ngokumthanda kwabo. Kwaba lula: ukuba acele inkxaso mhlalutyi eziphambili zoncwadi - of Nikita Khrushchev. UNobhala Okokuqala, kudla uxakeke kakhulu, eli xesha ngayo isicelo kwamalungu eSoviet Writers 'Union ngokusondeleyo. ukukhathalela kwakhe ayikho nje isishwankathelo. "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha", nto leyo ngokubalisa emlonyeni Fadeeva unomdla inkokeli yiSoviet iye Funda, ezivavanyiweyo kwaye zamkelwa.

impumelelo

Ngoko ke, lo elinanye (November) umba we "Yehlabathi Elitsha" ngo-1962 kunye itekisi Solzhenitsyn kaThixo waya ejikeleza. amaphephancwadi 96.900 zemka ukusuka ezishelfini of bookshops zokuthengisela Sayuzdruk. Kulandelwe umba 25000th ezongezelelweyo, kodwa oko akuthethi kuwucima ukoma ulambile inyaniso ngqwabalala abantu Soviet. Ushwankathe- "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha" le ncwadi ibekwe kwi igumbi kwaye ekhitshini, La magama acatshulwa ke intsebezo yelizwi (bambalwa kakhulu abantu bakholwa kwi zibhuqe), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngelizwi elikhulu (uninzi abaxhasi ikhaliphileyo idemokhrasi iqela). NgoJanuwari wonyaka ozayo, "yamaRoma-GAZETA" woyisakala ingxelo ubunzima kunye uhlelo 700,000th lasekhohlo ngokuchwetheza ibali elifanayo endala. A ikhulu lamawaka abafundi ukuba umbhali wongeza indlu epapasha "Umbhali eSoviet", kokukhutshwa ngumqulu owodwa. Nkqu kufundwa lizwe kakhulu ehlabathini (kwaye oku kwakunjalo) inani elipheleleyo iikopi eziprintiweyo ngaphezu kwesigidi ziye isenzeko yimiyalezo. Solzhenitsyn wavuma Union of Writers Soviet.

Ubuntwana in translation

Imveliso esele sisaziwa zombini kwi USSR nakwamanye amazwe. abafundi Western babeqhele ukuya digests kwaye ndinikhathaze ngakufuna nto ngokwam onothando iitekisi ezinde, wayanelisekile nesishwankathelo. "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha" uSolzhenitsyn wabhala ulwimi kunokuba nzima, ezele iingqiqo lager kunye nejagoni. Indlela ukuba bacacisele French ukuba igama elithi "Somcuphi" enyanisweni kuthetha ukuba "sisidenge omncinane 'begqibile, ngokukhuselekileyo ngcu kwizithuba yokubhala sloppy ngomba ukutya okanye bolnichke (nayo - iziko lonyango enkampini). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umfundi afunde, ohlala "phezu kwenduli", kukuba kwi-USSR amalungelo oluntu hayi ayahlonitshwa, kwaye abeke nayiphi na. Kwaye, Isimanga, le mbono lulula iyavumelana kakhulu kunye nengcamango yokuba imisebenzi yombhali.

indaba

Isihloko Working ekuqaleni "Sch-854" - inombolo inkampu ebhalwe kwiphetshana kwezinto athungwe ukuba zinoboya ibhatyi ophambili emqolo kunye nesifuba. Tale A. I. Solzhenitsyna "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha" igcwele iinkcukacha amabanjwa ebomini, apho umbhali libhekisela uluhlu wemidla kunye neminqweno yabantu abathe baba ukuthanda-onamandla onke ngasese ngamakhoboka ulawulo amapolisa. Ukuba liphupha baphumle kancinane (izikhundla imizuzu ngamanye amaxesha nje ezimbalwa ngaphezulu), bafuna ukuba kwenzeke Blizzard, ekhulula kubo ekubeni ukuya umsebenzi onzima. Ke kusafuneka ukubamba up, kodwa emva. Fumana sonka kancinci okanye ukhamba neqhekeza solder, ezinye iitapile engumkhenkce - amathamsanqa. Njani konke ndawonye kude wayekwazi isishwankathelo esibhaliweyo? "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha" - ibali, ephothiweyo ngaphandle ubomi eqhelekileyo iinkcukacha abayiqondi umntu, ndawonye kakhulu zihlakaniphile, ukuba akayiphathanga siyibone into enje.

abantu

Kwaye ke kukho amabali indawo kwinkcazo ukuba ngokubalisa kwakhona. Nguwo lowo biography yabalinganiswa, abantu ikamva ezahlukeneyo kunye nabalinganiswa. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov walwa, akungena evela kwintsapho yamahlwempu. Yonke ayilotyala lakhe kukuba uye waba ekuthinjweni. Kukho Kusekho umBhaptizi Alyosha, yonke into icacile kuye. Lomzabalazo Cesar cinema iyaqhutywa ezinye akunjalo, njengokuba kuyimfuneko, imovie, yaye ngoko ke akazange agqibe lo msebenzi. Young Western Ukrainian Gopchik wanceda abanye endaweni yakhe, Bandera, baya kungena ehlathini. igosa Naval kwinkonzo ye-bund wayeqhelene amaNgesi, waya nabo Arkhangelsk, kodwa emva kwemfazwe wafumana isipho esivela asebenza yakhe yaseBritani, kunye babenetyala ngakumbi. Ngokubanzi, oluninzi abalinganiswa, ngamnye kubo abalasele, kwaye xa ukuchaza kubo bonke, kunqabile ukufumana isishwankathelo. "Ngenye imini Ivana Denisovicha" yinto kwicandelo loluntu umnqamlezo oluntu, wenza zembe elibukhali yobulungisa Stalin kaThixo. Ubuza imibuzo malunga nokuba unjani ingcamango zobuKomanisi yaye icebisa ukonakala yayo zenkqubo. Esi sisizathu sokuba imveliso uye wavalwa yoma.