Konyaka omnqakathi: uluhlu lwe khalenda. Xa ngunyaka omnqakathi olandelayo?

Bonke ubomi on Earth uzimisele yi kufuphi ilanga kunye isindululo iiplanethi ngeenxa zonke wayijikeleza axis bayo. Unyaka - eli xesha apho iplanethi yethu iimpukane ujikeleza ilanga kunye nobusuku - ixesha utshintsho mpela malunga axis yayo. Abantu, Kakade ke, kulula kakhulu ukuba ucwangcise ishishini lakho kangangeeveki, ubala inani elithile leentsuku ngenyanga okanye ngonyaka.

Nature - hhayi umatshini

Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba utshintsho mpela malunga ilanga uMhlaba ujikeleza ngeenxa axis yawo isixa esipheleleyo ixesha. Oko kukuthi, inani engaphelelanga leentsuku. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba oku amaxesha 365, yaye oku ekwafanekisa inani leentsuku ngonyaka. Enyanisweni - kancinane ngaphezulu kwama-365, 25, oko kukuthi, ngonyaka oluhlala kwiiyure ezi-6, ukuba ngqo, kwiiyure ezi-5 imizuzu 48 kunye 14.

Kakade ke, ukuba ngaba akukho xesha kuthathelwa ingqalelo, ngoko le wotshi iyakube kuphuhlisa imini, kuloo nyanga, yaye emva kweminyaka elikhulu embalwa, umahluko phakathi eqhelekileyo kunye ikhalenda ngeenkwenkwezi iya kuba kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Kuba kubomi akwamkelekanga kwaphela; ukushifta zonke iiholide, imigubho.

neengxaki ezifanayo ziye bafumana ixesha elide eyadlulayo, ngexesha nabalawuli baseRoma, okanye mandithi, xa omnye mkhulu kubo - uGayo Yulii Tsezare.

kulahlwa kaKesare

Le abalawuli ezazinqulwa eRoma yamandulo belingana kunye noothixo, waba namandla mda, ngoko ke umthetho nje omnye kutshintshwa ikhalenda kunye yonke into.

ERoma yamandulo, unyaka wonke isekelwe phezu Kalends mbhiyozo, kunye id non (igama wenyanga). Kule yokugqibela kwinyanga yonyaka kwakujongwa Februwari. Ngoko ke, kunyaka omnqakathi yimihla 366, kunye ngosuku olongezelelweyo kule nyanga iphelileyo.

Ngapha koko, sasingakwazi kusengqiqweni ukudibanisa usuku enyangeni yokugqibela yonyaka, ngoFebruwari. Kwaye, Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo nto ayizange ifakwe ngomhla wokugqibela, njengokuba kunjalo ngoku, kwaye usuku phambi kokuba Kalends kwinyanga kaMatshi. Ngenxa yoko, ngoFebruwari, yaba ezimbini yesine-mabini. Iminyaka sabelwa iminyaka emithathu, kwaye wokuqala babo kwathi ngemihla Gaya Yuliya Kesare. Emva kokufa kwakhe, inkqubo ezilahlekileyo bit yayo, ngokuba ababingeleli benza impazamo kwi izibalo, kodwa ekugqibeleni ikhalenda echanekileyo iminyaka iintlantsi kakulu.

Ngoku ingqalelo iminyaka sitsibe kancinci nzima ngakumbi. Kwaye oku enxulumene nabo imizuzu embalwa extra, ezo zifunyenwe ngokuthi unike usuku olupheleleyo rhoqo kwiminyaka emine.

Le khalenda entsha

Ikhalenda Gregorian, uhlala kuluntu omkhulu mzuzu apho, iveziwe uPopu Gregory ngenkulungwane ye-16 emva kwexesha. Isizathu ukuba ikhalenda mtsha waqalisa ukusebenza, kukuba owayesakuba isikhathi ayichananga. Idibanisa usuku qho emva kweminyaka emine, irhuluneli yaseRoma akazange acinge ukuba le khalenda esemthethweni uya bebodlula i eqhelekileyo imizuzu 11 kunye nemizuzwana 46, qho emva kweminyaka emine.

Ngelo xesha intshayelelo yale khalenda entsha, lo inaccuracy Julian iintsuku ezili-10, ngokuhamba kwexesha kuye kwenyuka kwaye ngoku iintsuku ezili-14. Umahluko kwandisa yonke leminyaka malunga ngemini. Kuyinto oqaphelekayo ngakumbi ngemini ehlotyeni nasebusika injikalanga. Yaye le mihla kubalwa ezinye iiholide, phawula umahluko.

Ikhalenda iminyaka sitsibe kwi lokubalwa Gregorian nzima kancinane Julian.

Ubume ikhalenda Gregorian

Le khalenda Gregorian ithatha ingqalelo umahluko kwi olusesikweni kunye ikhalenda ngeenkwenkwezi iiyure ezi-5 imizuzu 48 and 14, oko kukuthi, qho emva kweminyaka eli-100, ngumnyaka omnqakathi imisiwe.

Ngoko ke wazi njani ukuba uhlobo ngumnyaka omnqakathi, yaye yintoni na? Ingaba ikhona inkqubo kunye algorithm kwi ukupheliswa kukho usuku? Okanye ngaba kubhetele ukusebenzisa uluhlu iminyaka ezikhwela?

Ukunenzela lula, lo algorithm ngokwenene zaziswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo zithathwa ukuba ube ngumnyaka omnqakathi qho kunyaka wesine, kuba lula iminyaka ukusetyenziswa ukuba iziphindwa ezine. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba kwakukho sitsibe unyaka wokuzalwa kamakhulu okanye Second World War, nje kufuneka ufumanise ukuba kulo nyaka wohlulwe-4 okanye hayi. Ngenxa yoko, i-th-1904 - ngumnyaka omnqakathi, 1908, le yesibini - ngokufanayo 1917 kwaba - akukho.

Unyaka omnqakathi itshitshisiwe xa ekujikeni kwenkulungwane, oko ngomnyaka liyohluleka ngo 100. Ngoko 1900 ngonyaka omnqakathi wayengekho kuba liyohluleka ngo 100, kunyaka non-sitsibe, kananjalo th 1800 no 1700 th. Kodwa kungekhona usuku oqokelela kwekhulu, kwaye iminyaka malunga 123, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba kulungiswe kwakhona. Indlela ukuqonda oko konyaka omnqakathi? Ukuba unyaka liyohluleka ngo-100 ngo-400, loo nto ithathwa ngumnyaka omnqakathi. Oko kukuthi, 2000 kwaba ngumnyaka omnqakathi, kwakunye th-1600.

Le khalenda Gregorian kunye ezintsonkothileyo izilungiso ngqo kangangokuba ixesha elongezelelweyo abaseleyo, kodwa sithetha kwimizuzwana. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba sitsibe imizuzwana, kakhulu, ukuba ngoko nangoko kwacaca ukuba athetha ukuthini. Ababini kubo ngonyaka kwaye ezidityaniswe ngoJuni 30 Disemba 31 ngo 23:59:59. Ezi imizuzwana amabini alinganayo ixesha ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nehlabathi.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi konyaka omnqakathi?

Konyaka elide kuneliqhelekileyo usuku olunye, iintsuku 366 kuyo. Ngaphambili, ekucuthekeni ke kwamaxesha baseRoma, kulo nyaka kwakukho iintsuku ezimbini kaFebruwari 24, kodwa ngoku, Kakade ke, lo mhla uthathwa ngokwahlukileyo. Lo nyaka ngoFebruwari, ngenye imini ngaphezu kunesiqhelo, oko kukuthi, 29.

Kodwa kukholelwa ukuba unyaka apho ngoFebruwari 29 yeengozi. Kukholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka ezikhwelayo kuphuma izinga lokusweleka kwenzeka ezahlukeneyo iingxaki.

Wonwabe okanye ungonwabi?

Ukuba ujonga kwitshati yokufa waseUSSR, kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, yaye eRashiya, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba lo nqanaba liphezulu ngo-2000. Oku kuchazwa ngumbhodamo kwezoqoqosho, umgangatho ophantsi wokuphila kunye nezinye iingxaki. Ewe, amawaka amabini kwaba ngumnyaka omnqakathi (njengoko kubhaliwe wahlulwe ngama-400), kodwa lo mthetho? 1996 - ingabe yintshatsheli izinga lokusweleka kwi kuye elandulela 1995 izinga lokusweleka lwalulude.

inqanaba layo liphantsi phantse sisiqingatha senkulungwane ngayo ngo -1987. UNyaka ayikho ngumnyaka omnqakathi, kodwa ngowe-1986 izinga lokusweleka waba ephantsi kakhulu, eziphantsi kakhulu, umzekelo, ngo-1981.

Imizekelo baninzi, kodwa ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba izinga lokusweleka kunyaka "elide" ayinyuki.

Ukuba ukhangela manani ekuzalweni, ubudlelwane obucacileyo ubude konyaka, kakhulu, akafumaneki. Ezikhwela iminyaka kwinkulungwane yama-20 abazange ukuqinisekisa ezimbi theory. Izinga ukuzalwa eRashiya kumazwe aseYurophu iwela ngokulinganayo. ukunyuka okuncinane waphawula kuphela ngo-1987, yaye emva koko isantya Iqala likhula emva kuka-2008.

Mhlawumbi konyaka omnqakathi uchaza ukungakhululeki ethile kwezopolitiko okanye iintlekele zemvelo ikhethe okanye imfazwe?

Kuphela unyaka omnye sitsibe ingafunyanwa phakathi komhla kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe: 1812 th - imfazwe kunye uNapoleon. yaphelela kakhulu bonwabile iRashiya, kodwa, Kakade ke, ikuyo-mngeni omkhulu. Kodwa unyaka revolution ngo-1905 okanye ngo-1917 abazange kutsiba iminyaka. Unyaka ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II (1939) ngokuqinisekileyo kunyaka sizezona ntsizana ukuba lonke Europe, kodwa konyaka omnqakathi wayengekho.

Kwiminyaka sitsibe kuye kwabakho inyikima eArmenia kunye kukuqhushumba le hydrogen, kodwa iziganeko ezifana iChernobyl entlekele, nentlekele izixeko Japanese ka iHiroshima Nagasaki, mlilo kunye nezinye iintlekele ziye zenzeka kunyaka kakhulu zesiqhelo. Uluhlu iminyaka sitsibe kwinkulungwane yama-20 akuthethi kunye uluhlu elibuhlungu yamashwa neentlekele idibana.

Kubanga singonwabi

Zengqondo bakholelwa ukuba zonke izityholo konyaka omnqakathi yintlekele, kungekho ngaphezu neenkolelo. Ukuba kuqinisekisiwe, nto uthetha ngayo. Ukuba ayiqinisekiswanga, oko ukulibala nje. Ithemba ukungonwabi ngokwalo kungaba inkathazo kwaye "ezotyhalo". Hayi kuba akukho kudla umntu kwenzeka kanye oko, into omoyikayo.

Omnye abangcwele wathi: "Ukuba uyakholelwa izihlabo, abayi kubulawa." Kule meko ayikwazanga kuba luncedo ngakumbi.

Unyaka omnqakathi kwi-Hebrew

Kwikhalenda lwamaJuda isebenzisa iinyanga month, leyo kuthabatha iintsuku-28. Ngenxa kunyaka wekhalenda phantsi kwale nkqubo iwela elifutshane iintsuku 11 ngeenkwenkwezi. Ukulungisa njalo wanikwa i inyanga zonyaka. Ezikhwela Unyaka kwikhalenda lwamaJuda yenziwa iinyanga ezilishumi.

Konyaka kuba amaJuda rhoqo: iminyaka elinethoba idla elinambini kuphela, yaye omnye abasixhenxe - iintlantsi. Okt ezikhwela iminyaka amaYuda okuninzi kwimeko yesiqhelo. Kodwa ke umbuzo, kakade, kuphela ikhalenda yemveli yamaYuda, kunokuba apho ubomi urhulumente lakwaSirayeli lanamhlanje.

Konyaka omnqakathi: xa elandelayo

Bonke abantu abaphila sijongene ayisekho ngaphandle kwezi meko zizodwa kule minyaka akhawunti iintlantsi. kunyaka ozayo, ukuba akayi kuba ngumnyaka omnqakathi, kulindeleke kuphela ngo-2100, kunqabile oku kuyinyaniso kuthi. Ngoko ke ukuba kunyaka ozayo sitsibe kungabalelwa kakhulu nje: kunyaka olandelayo ukuba liyohluleka ngo-4.

2012 kwaba ngumnyaka omnqakathi, 2016 iya kuba yesibini, kakhulu, ziya kuba yiminyaka sitsibe we-2020 kunye we 2024, th 2028 kunye th 2032. Calculate ilula. Ukuze ukwazi oku, Kakade ke, kuyimfuneko, kodwa olo lwazi aluluchaphazeli ukoyikisa. Ke kaloku ngonyaka omnqakathi kwenzeka iziganeko ezimangalisayo yaye ndonwabile. Umzekelo, abantu abazalwa ngoFebruwari 29, zithathwa unethamsanqa yaye bonwabile.