Starch Monomer ukuhlobana?

Chemistry eyenza ezintathu iintlobo carbohydrate. Le starch, neselulosi kunye iswekile. Istatshi ke ummeli aphambili eqela carbohydrate zendalo. ezwi Its kwenzeka kuzo zonke izityalo, ngowona mthombo wamandla umzimba womntu. Yintoni monomer of istatshi? Okunye ngaloo ngezantsi.

Fields of application

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kakhulu, istatshi lisetyenziswa kwezonyango. Xa yezonyango isetyenziswa njenge-arhente ukutyabeka for izilonda sisilonda kwaye mucosal iinkqubo ukudumba amalungu ezifana emathunjini kunye nesisu. iMbonakalo-ngqo yoBume kunye amayeza usebenzisa starch kophawu esingundoqo iodine. Pharmaceutical Technology usebenzisa starch njenge lokufaka, i-arhente ayikokubambana ngendlela. Kodwa yintoni uxhulumaniso na monomer bestatshi, oko umdla kwabaninzi. Makhe sihlolisise kweli nqaku.

Kuphela kwilizwe lethu kushishino wesitatshi Center Uphando limelwe All-Russian Research Institute of wesitatshi-. Le ise kummandla eMoscow, yaye umsebenzi yayo ephambili uphuhliso zobuchwepheshe obutsha ukwenzela imveliso istarch ukutya okuziinkozo kunye neetapile, starch silungiswe, isiraphu iswekile, isiraphu fructose, kunye nokutya zempilo ngaphandle protein. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi uphando, VNIIK sele uziyilela izixhobo ezikhethekileyo esetyenziswa kwishishini starch. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi VNIIK kuchaphazela intsimi enkulu zenzululwazi, ukusuka kuphando ukuya kuphuhliso lwamashishini.

Apha ngezantsi jonga oko kukuthi monomer bestatshi.

isakhiwo

Ukuba sicinga otashi ngokwemiqathango kwezenzululwazi, iluphawu isixa omkhulu iswekile ezilula, ezithi ndawonye kwi kwikhonkco. Ezi amatyathanga ingaba yomgama okanye branched. mbane molecule chain nganye - iswekile, ezizezi enencam lidlala indima umthombo wamandla emzimbeni.

Nayiphi chain elide eziquka glucose, unalo impahla flex ukuba ngakhululeki kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo siphindwe. Isiphumo ukuyilwa granules ezincinane, ezifana iinkozo yomgubo. Phela, umgubo, kakhulu imela umxube wesitatshi kunye izinto ezahlukeneyo ehamba. Oko kukuthi, ukuba monomer of Istatshi glucose.

Ukuba uthathe otashi ngaphandle kwaye zama inqindi miri phakathi kweminwe yakho, ngoko uya kuva waziva ngokungaqhelekanga. Loo umsindo eyenziwe ngexesha amasuntswana otashi ngokukhuhla nxamnye omnye komnye: bane isakhiwo engqongqo, yaye loo ezinjengokwaphuka impembelelo kwenzeka.

Xa isityalo izinto starch ukhandwa uxhulumaniso uthotho lwe kukho inani elaneleyo iimolekyuli glucose. Phambi oku kwenzeka ukuba Yindibanisela glucose ukusuka icarbon dioxide namanzi. Ngapha koko, iba monomer kwemolekyuli istatshi.

Iimpawu wesitatshi

Xa izityalo ezininzi istatshi yengundoqo oovimba amandla ibhetri. Le nto iipropati yayo kunokucaciswa into yokuba ukugcinwa asebenzayo wesitatshi ithatha indawo iingcambu, amatswele kunye nembewu. Malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku ukhozo lwengqolowa okanye ingqolowa - ngaphezu kwesiqingatha istatshi.

Makhe siqwalasele ubume iikhemikhali kunye isakhiwo istatshi. Starch, kunye glycogen neselulosi, yenye abameli ibalulekileyo zelo qela polysaccharides.

polysaccharides

Polysaccharides - ezi zizinto ezo Iipholima carbohydrate, enamakhulu inani elikhulu leeyunithi monosaccharide. Inani labo ziyahluka ukusuka amashumi eziliqela ukuya amawaka eziliqela. Oko kukuthi, umchiza eliphezulu-ezinto (BMC), kunye Istatshi a monomer iswekile.

Le ndlela yokubala jikelele

iikhompawundi Macromolecular formula jikelele angabhalwa ngolu hlobo:

(C ₆ H ₁₀ O _{5) n,} apho n kulo mzekelo ungaba kuze amakhulu amawaka.

Ngaphandle starch kuye kwafika kubo bonke - ubuncwane umbala omhlophe, nto leyo ibandakanya ubukhulu leenkozo ezincinane. Istatshi ezingenakunyibilika emanzini abandayo kodwa enyibilikayo emanzini ashushu. It has a ipropati ukudumba. Izisombululo idalwe zezo guquki viscous emva okupholisa yatshintshelwa ubunzima gelatinous ebizwa paste.

Le Ukwakhiwa wesitatshi , kukho amaqhezu amabini: amylose kunye amylopectin. Ezi amaqhezu amabini benziwa α-D-glucose. Ahluke phakathi kwabo nje kuphela isakhiwo chain ngokwayo, kodwa ke inani zeentsalela glucose. Ezi iintsalela monosaccharide aba yi kwo kwe-oksijini. Ngexesha ukuyilwa imixokelelwane kwenzeka glycosidic hydroxyl impefumlelwano molecule omnye kunye nomnye molecule i hydroxyl ezinxilisayo. Xa ngokuhlanganisa otashi kunye ayodini kuvela bala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Oko kukuthi, basabela esemgangathweni ngokwendalo. Bala ubalekela xa isisombululo itshiswa, yaye kwenzeka xa kupholile.

Ngoku kucacile ukuba nezixandileyo na monomer bestatshi.

Amylose - a polysaccharide kunye kwitsheyini linear eekhemikhali, ukuba yakhiwe amawaka eziliqela hexoses (iintsalela iswekile), nto leyo oqhagamshelwano phakathi α-glycoside bond umlinganiswa. Uhlalutyo X-ray ibonisa ukuba amylose molecule unalo ilungiselelo helical. ithuba ngalinye isantya nto kanye iiyunithi-6 zivela monosaccharides. Kwi-avareji, a kweleli ezimalunga 50 amathuba.

Ngaphakathi ezinjalo isakhiwo spiralevoy na ijelo sangqa malunga 0.5 neenanometer. Ngaphakathi ejelo zibekwe molecule ukuba efanelekileyo ngobukhulu. Le kuyilo imele izakhiwo ezizodwa ekuthiwa ukufakwa iikhompawundi. Compound of amylose kunye ayodini, ukuba umbala oluhlaza, nje enye kwezi zakhiwo. Yintoni monomer bestatshi, safumana ngaphambili.

Amylose and amylopectin

Amylose kunye amylopectin ibe ukwakhiwa imichiza efanayo, umehluko oyinhloko yabo phakathi kwabo - isakhiwo lwendawo. molecule Amylose yakhiwe Imicu, ngamanye yomgama, kodwa amylopectin molecule na isakhiwo branched.

Phakathi amanqaku eyayizalwa isendaweni 20-25 hexoses. Iyonke amylopectin macromolecule elakhiwa malunga kweeyunithi 6000 okanye ngaphezulu zivela monosaccharides.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, starch ubunjwe 10-20% amanzi yento. Xa itshiswe ngokukhawuleza, iza yokubola hydrolytic of macromolecules nezidanga ezincinane molecule akhiwa ngenxa yoko.

Istatshi ke engundoqo umthombo carbohydrate kwi ekutyeni yabantu, nto ke leyo ebangele has ixabiso omkhulu ngokohlobo lokutya: isonka, iitapile, okuziinkozo. Kukuninzi, istatshi isetyenziswa kushishino, umzekelo, lisetyenziswa kwi stock isiphathi of amalaphu (kwinkqubo solinganiso) kuncanyatheliswe iphepha nekhadibhodi yokwenziwa dextrin glue. Entsimini yohlalutyo chemistry wesitatshi kusetyenziswa ngesalathisi ngexesha indlela titration iodometric.

Siye safumanisa ukuba yintoni na into i monomer bestatshi.